2. and simplifying maintenance and support. Key
e
characteristics include:[7] Netw
work-based access to,
and management of, commer rcially available (i.e.,
not custom) software Activiti that are managed
ies
from central locations rather th at each customer's
han
site, enabling customers to access applications
remotely via the Web
• Application delivery that typically is closer
t
to a one-to-many mo odel (single instance,
multi-tenant architectu than to a one-to-
ure)
one model, including architecture, pricing,
partnering, and
d management
characteristics.
• Centralized feature updating, which
obviates the need for downloadable patches
d
and upgrades.[1]
Figure. 2. Evolution Cloud Com
mputing
2.1.3 Platform
Cloud platform services or "Pl latform as a Service
2. Architecture of cloud comp
puting (PaaS)" deliver a computing platform and/or
solution stack as a service, offten consuming cloud
2.1 Cloud Computing Layers infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications. [8]
It facilitates deployment of app
plications without the
cost and complexity of buyin and managing the
ng
underlying hardware and softw layers. [9][10]
ware
2.1.4 Infrastructure
Cloud infrastructure services or "Infrastructure as
o
a Service (IaaS)" delivers com mputer infrastructure,
typically a platform virtualizati environment, as a
ion
service. Rather than purchasin servers, software,
ng
data center space or network equipment, clients
k
instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced
a
service. The service is typical billed on a utility
lly
Fig2 Cloud Computing Lay
yers computing basis and amount of resources consumed
will typically reflect the level of activity. It is an
l
2.1.1 Client evolution of web hosting and virtual private server
offerings. [11]
A cloud client consists of computer har
rdware and/or
computer software that relies on clou computing
ud 2.1.5 Server
for application delivery, or that is specifically
s
designed for delivery of cloud services and that, in The server layer consists of computer hardware
f
either case, is essentially useless without and/or computer software products that are
it.[2][3][4][5][6] specifically designed for the delivery of cloud
e
services. [2][12][13][14]
2.1.2 Application
Cloud application services or "Sof ftware as a
Service (SaaS)" deliver software as a service over
the Internet, eliminating the need to in
nstall and run
the application on the customer's ow computers
wn
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC-2010) 224
3. Each level is distinguished from the previous one by
m
2.2 Middleware of cloud comput
ting the addition of one of those thre attributes:
ee
• Level 1 - Ad-Hoc/Custom At the first level of
m:
maturity, each customer ha its own customized
as
version of the hosted application and runs its
own instance of the appli ication on the host's
servers. Level 2 - Config gurable: The second
maturity-level provides greater program
flexibility through configuraable metadata, so that
many customers can use sep parate instances of the
same application code. This allows the vendor to
s
meet the different needs of each customer
s
through detailed configura ation options, while
simplifying maintenance and updating of a
common code base.
• Level 3 - Configurab ble, Multi-Tenant-
Efficient: The third matur rity level adds multi-
tenancy to the second lev vel, so that a single
program instance serves all customers. This
approach enables more ef fficient use of server
resources without any appa arent difference to the
Fig 3 Middleware(SaaS, PaaS, IaaS)
, end user, but ultimately com up against limits
mes
in scalability.
• Level 4 - Scalable, Configurable, and Multi-
2.2.1 Software as a Service (SaaS)
) Tenant-Efficient: The fou urth and final SaaS
maturity level adds scalabili through a multitier
ity
Software as a Service (SaaS) is a software architecture supporting a lo oad-balanced farm of
distribution model in which applicatio are hosted
ons identical application insta ances, running on a
by a vendor or service provider and m made available variable number of server The provider can
rs.
to customers over a network, typically t Internet.
the increase or decrease the system's capacity to
SaaS is becoming an increasingly preva alent delivery match demand by adding or removing servers,
model as underlying technologies that support Web without the need for any further alteration of
services and service-oriented archite ecture (SOA) applications software architecture.
mature and new developmental approa aches, such as
Ajax, become popular. Meanwhile broadbande, 2.2.2 Platform as a service (PAAS)
e
service has become increasingly availab to support
ble
user access from more areas around the world.
e Platform as a service encap psulates a layer of
SaaS is closely related to the ASP (application
P software and provides it as a se
ervice
service provider) and On Demand Computingd That can be used to build higher-level services.
h
software delivery models. IDC id dentifies two There are at least two pe erspectives on PaaS
slightly different delivery models for Sa aaS. depending on the perspective of the producer or
e
Benefits of the SaaS model include: consumer of the services:
• Easier administration • Someone producing PaaS might produce a
S
• Automatic updates an
nd patches platform by integrating an OS, middleware,
n
management application software, and even a development
• Compatibility: All users will h have the same environment that is then provid to a customer as a
ded
version of software. service. For example, someon developing a PaaS
ne
• Easier collaboration, for the sa reason
ame offering might base it on a set of Sun™ xVM
• Global accessibility. hypervisor virtual machines that include a Net
SaaS architectures can generally be classified as Beans™ integrated developmen environment, a Sun
nt
being at one of four "maturity levels", whose key GlassFish™ Webstack and su upport for additional
attributes are configurability, multi-tenant programming languages such as Perl or Ruby.
a
efficiency, and scalability.[15] • Someone using PaaS would see an encapsulated
d
service that is presented to thhem through an API.
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC-2010) 225
4. The customer interacts with the platform through the
m 3.1 Public clouds
API, and the platform does what is necessary to
manage and scale itself to provide a g given level of Public clouds are run by third parties, and
service. Virtual appliances can be classified as applications from different cu
ustomers are likely to
instances of PaaS. A content which a appliance, for be mixed together on the clo oud’s servers, storage
example, would have all of its compon nent software systems, and networks.
hidden from the customer, and only an API or GUI
n
for configuring and deploying the serv vice provided
to them. PaaS offerings can provide fo every phase
or
of software development and testing, o they can be
or
specialized around a particular area su as content
uch
management. Commercial examples of PaaS include
f
the Google Apps Engine, which serves applications
s
on Google’s infrastructure. PaaS serv vices such as
these can provide a powerful basis on which to
Fig: 4 Public Cloud
C
deploy applications, however the ey may be
Public clouds are most often hosted away from
n
constrained by the capabilities tha the cloud
at
customer premises, and they provide a way to
y
provider chooses to deliver.[16]
reduce customer risk and cost by providing a
c
The capability provided to the consume is to deploy
er
flexible, even temporary ext tension to enterprise
onto the cloud infrastructure cons sumer-created
infrastructure.
applications using programming langua ages and tools
supported by the provider (e.g., java, ppython, .Net).
The consumer does not manage or control the
r 3.2 Private clouds
underlying cloud infrastructure, netw work, servers,
operating systems, or storage, but the cconsumer has Private clouds are built for the exclusive use of one
e
control over the deployed applications and possibly client, providing the utmost Control over data,
application hosting environment configgurations. security, and quality of service.
.
2.2.3 IAAS)
Infrastructure as a service (I
Infrastructure as a service delivers basi storage and
ic
compute capabilities as Standardized services over
the network. Servers, storage system switches,
ms,
routers and other systems are poole and made
ed
available to handle workloads that range from Fig:5 Private Cloud
C
application components to high h-performance The company owns the inf frastructure and has
computing applications. Commercial examples of control over how applications are deployed on it.
s
IaaS include Joyent, whose main produ is a line of
uct Private clouds may be deployed in an enterprise
Virtualized servers that provide a hig ghly available datacenter, and they also ma be deployed at a
ay
on-demand infrastructure.[16] collocation facility. Private clo
ouds can be built and
The capability provided to the consum is to rent
mer managed by a company’s own IT organization or by
processing, storage, networks, and other a cloud provider. In this “host private” model, a
ted
fundamental computing resources where the company such as Sun can in nstall, configure, and
consumer is able to deploy and r run arbitrary operate the infrastructure to suupport a private cloud
software, which can include operating systems and
g within a company’s enterprise datacenter. This
applications. The consumer does no manage or
ot model gives companies a high level of control over
control the underlying cloud infrastru ucture but has the use of cloud resources while bringing in the
w
control over operating systems, stora age, deployed expertise needed to establis and operate the
sh
applications, and possibly select networking environment.
components (e.g., firewalls, load balanccers).
3.3 Hybrid clouds
3. Cloud computing types
Hybrid clouds combine both public and private
h
cloud models .
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC-2010) 226
5. 5. Security
In cloud computing, a data cen holds information
nter
that end-users would more trad ditionally have stored
on their computers. This raise concerns regarding
es
user privacy protection be ecause users must
outsource their data. Additio onally, the move to
centralized services could aff fect the privacy and
security of users’ interactions. Security threats might
S
happen in resource provisionin and during distrib-
ng
uted application execution. Also, new threats are
A
likely to emerge. For instance, hackers can use the
Fig:6 Hybrid Cloud virtualized infrastructure as a la
aunching pad for new
attacks. Cloud services should preserve data
They can help to provide on-deman externally
nd, integrity and user privacy. At the same time, they
provisioned scale. The ability to augm ment a private should enhance interoperabil lity across multiple
cloud with the resources of a public cloud can be cloud service providers. In th context, we must
his
used to maintain service levels in the face of rapid investigate new data-protect tion mechanisms to
workload fluctuations. This is most of ften seen with secure data privacy, resource security, and content
the use of storage clouds to suppo Web 2.0
ort copyrights.
applications. A hybrid cloud also can be used to
n
handle planned workload spikes. Som metimes called 6. Advantages and shor
rtcomings
“surge computing,” a public cloud ca be used to
an
perform periodic tasks that can be de eployed easily
on a public cloud. Hybrid clouds i introduce the 6.1 Advantages of Cloud Computing
C
complexity of determining how t distribute
to
applications across both a public and p private cloud. • Business benefit - Businesse can instantly obtain
es
Among the issues that need to be con nsidered is the the benefits of the enor rmous infrastructure
relationship between data and processi resources.
ing without having to impleme and administer it
ent
If the data is small, or the application is stateless, a directly.
hybrid cloud can be much more successful than if • Environment Friendly - Rep placing hardware with
large amounts of data must be trans sferred into a cloud computing systems red duces energy costs as
public cloud for a small amount of proc cessing.[16] well as reduces Co2 emission ns.
• Ease of Backup - When com mpared to backing up
4. Cloud computing applicatio
ons all “Thick Client” PCs
• Disaster Recovery - Sca attering of backend
hardware mitigates risk of tot data loss.
tal
The system has proven to be favored by the users
• Scalability - Little soft tware or hardware
over time and we now have many oth players in
her
customization needed on the client end
the arena. A famous one is Google Apps, which
• Mobility of Information - Ea asily used globally
offers email, calendar, document editi and more
ing
in the cloud. Even Microsoft, which arguably • Low Initial Cost - Pertains to Utility Computing
o
benefited most from local computing, is increasing
its focus on cloud computing services n
now. 6.2 Shortcomings of cloud computing
The applications of cloud computing a practically
are
limitless. With the right middlewa are, a cloud • Regulatory Compliance - When outsourcing to
computing system could execute all th programs a
he a provider, customers are responsible for the
normal computer could run. Potentiall everything
ly, security and integrity of their own data, even
f
from generic word processing software to when it is held by a third part provider
ty
customized computer programs des signed for a • Dependency - It is only possible to use
o
specific company could work on a clou computing
ud applications or services that the provider is willing
t
system.[17] to offer
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC-2010) 227
6. • Data Location & Privacy Restrictions - US & • System Administration & Configuration and
EU have different privacy standards, subject to Network Management Will Become a Sexy
differing laws Field Bursting with Innovation [18]
• Recovery - Data segmentation makes back-ups
more difficult
• Logging & Investigative Support - Harder to REFERENCE
know who altered the data and where they came
from [1] Cloud Computing Wiki.
• Data Storage - Cloud computing does not allow http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing
users to physically store of their data, so data
storage is done by the provider. [2] Nimbus Cloud Guide
7 Conclusion and future scope [3]Microsoft's cloud operating system, Windows Azure,
to go live in January
• Although cloud computing enables products,
[4]Google Reveals Nexus One 'Super Phone'
service and solutions instantly to the customers
but it is still not very developed because most, if
not all small businesses today, do not have the [5] What Makes a Cloud Computer?
capability of building an infrastructure that will
support cloud computing. The required funds to [6]The Cloud's Chrome Lining
build data centers that could support each other,
[7] 2005 Software as a Service Taxonomy and Research
not to mention the manpower support are not Guide
enough.
• Internet giants such as Google and Amazon have [8] An example of a 'Cloud Platform' for building
the capability to offer highly extensive cloud applications
computing support. Smaller companies based in
the same area of the client also exist. Although [9] Google angles for business users with 'platform as a
they provide limited services to their clients, their service'
capacity is more than enough for most small
business needs. But even with this form of [10]The Emerging Cloud Service Architecture
spending, the success of cloud computing is not
even assured. This is because of privacy and [11] EMC buys Pi and forms a cloud computing group
security issues. One way is to use authentication
[12] Intel puts cloud on single megachip
techniques such as user names and passwords.
Another is to employ an authorization format --
[13]Cisco unveils cloud computing platform for service
each user can access only the data and
applications relevant to his or her job. Keeping all providers
this in consideration, it can be said that the
application development for cloud computing [14] Microsoft Plans 'Cloud' Operating System
would take time and considerable resources.
[15] "Architecture strategies for catching the long tail".
April 2006. http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-
7.1 Future scope us/library/aa479069.aspx. Retrieved 2008-05-24.
• Trend of Large Vendors Entering Cloud [16] Introduction to Cloud Computing Architecture Sun
Computing Will Accelerate Microsystems, Inc. White Paper 1st Edition, June 2009
• All Major IDEs Will Offer Cloud Deployment
[17]communication.howstuffworks.com/cloud-
Options computing2.htm
• Platform-as-a-Service Will Take Its First Steps
into the Mainstream [18] GEV APERRY, GM of Cloud Computing, Giga
• A Next-Generation of “Middleware for the Spaces.
Cloud” Will Rise in Dominance Over
Traditional J2EE Application Servers
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC-2010) 228
![and simplifying maintenance and support. Key
e
characteristics include:[7] Netw
work-based access to,
and management of, commer rcially available (i.e.,
not custom) software Activiti that are managed
ies
from central locations rather th at each customer's
han
site, enabling customers to access applications
remotely via the Web
• Application delivery that typically is closer
t
to a one-to-many mo odel (single instance,
multi-tenant architectu than to a one-to-
ure)
one model, including architecture, pricing,
partnering, and
d management
characteristics.
• Centralized feature updating, which
obviates the need for downloadable patches
d
and upgrades.[1]
Figure. 2. Evolution Cloud Com
mputing
2.1.3 Platform
Cloud platform services or "Pl latform as a Service
2. Architecture of cloud comp
puting (PaaS)" deliver a computing platform and/or
solution stack as a service, offten consuming cloud
2.1 Cloud Computing Layers infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications. [8]
It facilitates deployment of app
plications without the
cost and complexity of buyin and managing the
ng
underlying hardware and softw layers. [9][10]
ware
2.1.4 Infrastructure
Cloud infrastructure services or "Infrastructure as
o
a Service (IaaS)" delivers com mputer infrastructure,
typically a platform virtualizati environment, as a
ion
service. Rather than purchasin servers, software,
ng
data center space or network equipment, clients
k
instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced
a
service. The service is typical billed on a utility
lly
Fig2 Cloud Computing Lay
yers computing basis and amount of resources consumed
will typically reflect the level of activity. It is an
l
2.1.1 Client evolution of web hosting and virtual private server
offerings. [11]
A cloud client consists of computer har
rdware and/or
computer software that relies on clou computing
ud 2.1.5 Server
for application delivery, or that is specifically
s
designed for delivery of cloud services and that, in The server layer consists of computer hardware
f
either case, is essentially useless without and/or computer software products that are
it.[2][3][4][5][6] specifically designed for the delivery of cloud
e
services. [2][12][13][14]
2.1.2 Application
Cloud application services or "Sof ftware as a
Service (SaaS)" deliver software as a service over
the Internet, eliminating the need to in
nstall and run
the application on the customer's ow computers
wn
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC-2010) 224](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)