Communities and People
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The document discusses Robert Croker's definition of culture and model of the relationships between communities, people, products, practices, and perspectives in understanding culture. Culture is defined as the dynamic construction of meaning through groups and individuals. Communities and people interact to develop new cultural practices and products that shape new cultural perspectives. Fieldwork aims to understand how meaning is reconstructed through these elements.
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Communities and People
- 1. Communities and People Robert Croker, Nanzan University
- 2. MY DEFINITION OF CULTURE ! Culture is the dynamic construction of meaning. It is not a static, fixed body of knowledge or practices, but rather is constantly evolving, always in a process of becoming. ! People, participating in groups and communities (that are always in a state of change), actively develop new cultural practices and construct new cultural products. These new practices and products develop from and contribute to the development of new cultural perspectives, or ways of understanding the world. ! The purpose of fieldwork is to understand this process, to understand how meaning is (re)constructed.
- 3. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNITIES PEOPLE PERSPECTIVES
- 4. THE ICEBERG OF CULTURE
- 5. THE ICEBERG OF CULTURE VISIBLE PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES CULTURE PEOPLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INVISIBLE PERSPECTIVES
- 6. KNOWING WHAT VISIBLE PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES CULTURE PEOPLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INVISIBLE PERSPECTIVES
- 7. KNOWING HOW VISIBLE PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES CULTURE PEOPLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INVISIBLE PERSPECTIVES
- 8. KNOWING WHY VISIBLE PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES CULTURE PEOPLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INVISIBLE PERSPECTIVES
- 9. KNOWING WHO VISIBLE PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES CULTURE PEOPLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INVISIBLE PERSPECTIVES
- 10. KNOWING WHO - Communities VISIBLE PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES CULTURE PEOPLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INVISIBLE PERSPECTIVES
- 11. PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES ! COMMUNITIES are social groups or social contexts in which members of that community interact. ! Communities vary in size: ! broader communities – national culture, language, gender, race, religion, socio-economic class, or generation ! narrower communities – a local community group, a university club, a company, a family ! Communities are not isolated, but co-exist with other communities. They are in different relationships with one another: separation, cooperation, collaboration, conflict – and these change over time.
- 12. PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 13. PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 14. PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 15. PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 16. KNOWING WHO - People VISIBLE PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES CULTURE PEOPLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INVISIBLE PERSPECTIVES
- 17. PRODUCTS PRACTICES PEOPLE COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES ! PEOPLE are the individual members of the community. ! Each person is a distinct mix of belonging to a number of communities on the one hand and having individual experiences on the other. ! Culture exists both in the communities (groups) and also in each individual member. That is, culture is both collective and individual – it is both social and psychological.
- 18. PRODUCTS PRACTICES PEOPLE COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 19. PRODUCTS PRACTICES PEOPLE COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 20. PRODUCTS PRACTICES PEOPLE COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 21. EXPLORING CULTURE VISIBLE PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES CULTURE PEOPLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INVISIBLE PERSPECTIVES
- 22. Changing Communities Changing People
- 23. PRODUCTS PRACTICES Steps in Research COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES Beginnings: Look for things that are the same and for things that are different. Second step: Find connections between different parts of people’s experiences.
- 24. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 25. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 26. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 27. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 28. PRODUCTS PRACTICES 1930s to 1950s COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES Beginnings: Look for things that are the same and look for things that are different. How did children entertain themselves in the early Showa period and in the later Showa period. How did that affect relationships between children, and between children and older people?
- 29. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 30. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 31. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 32. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 33. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 34. PRODUCTS PRACTICES 1930s to 1950s COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES Beginnings: Look for things that are the same and look for things that are different. How did children entertain themselves in the early Showa period and in the later Showa period. How did that affect relationships between children, and between children and older people?
- 35. PRODUCTS PRACTICES 1930s to 1950s COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES VISIBLE PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES CULTURE PEOPLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INVISIBLE PERSPECTIVES
- 36. PRODUCTS PRACTICES 1950s Comics COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES Second step: Find connections between different parts of people’s experiences. What images are there in comics in the 1950s? How do those images reflect what is happening in the broader world. What did that mean for children growing up in the 1950s?
- 37. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 38. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 39. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 40. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 41. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 42. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 43. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 44. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 45. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 46. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 47. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 48. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES
- 49. PRODUCTS PRACTICES 1950s Comics COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES Second step: Find connections between different parts of people’s experiences. What images are there in comics in the 1950s? How do those images reflect what is happening in the broader world. What did that mean for children growing up in the 1950s?
- 50. PRODUCTS PRACTICES 1950s Comics COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES VISIBLE PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES CULTURE PEOPLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INVISIBLE PERSPECTIVES
- 51. PRODUCTS PRACTICES 1960s Student Life COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES Beginnings: Look for things that are the same and for things that are different. Second steps: Find connections between different parts of people’s experiences.
- 52. PRODUCTS PRACTICES 1960s Student Life COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES
- 53. PRODUCTS PRACTICES 1960s Student Life COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES
- 54. PRODUCTS PRACTICES 1960s Student Life COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES Beginnings: Look for things that are the same and for things that are different. Second step: Find connections between different parts of people’s experiences.
- 55. PRODUCTS PRACTICES 1960s Student Life COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES VISIBLE PRODUCTS PRACTICES COMMUNITIES CULTURE PEOPLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INVISIBLE PERSPECTIVES
- 56. PRODUCTS PRACTICES Sociology COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES A big question: How does belonging to a group change an individual’s behavior (practices) and identity (perspectives)?
- 57. PRODUCTS PRACTICES Sociology COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES Another big question: Over time, how do changing products and practices affect perspectives? Over time, how do changing communities affect perspectives?
- 58. PRODUCTS PRACTICES Sociology COMMUNI TIES CULTURE PERSPECTI PEOPLE VES A third big question: Does change primarily come from changes in technology [products and practices] like the TV, rockets, computers, the Internet) … … or does change primarily come from changes in ideas [that is, perspectives] like democracy, freedom, free trade, consumerism, and feminism?
- 59. PRODUCTS PRACTICES CULTURE COMMUNI TIES PEOPLE PERSPECTI VES