ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND EXPRESSION 1

ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND
EXPRESSION I

Profesor: Br. Roberto Pesantes
Director: Dr. Guagner Guadalupe Huamán

ESCUELA DE SECRETARIAS
ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND EXPRESSION I

ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND EXPRESSION I - OFFPRINT

Professor Roberto Pesantes

UNIT 1
CLASSROOM LANGUAGE

ARE YOU IN CLASS? -> Yes, I am.

Good morning (Until 11:59 AM)

Good afternoon (From 12:00 to 6:00PM)

Good evening (From 6:01PM)

Good night ( = goodbye at night)

May I go to the bathroom?

May I answer my phone?

May I come in?

May I go out?

Slow down please.

Repeat please.

What´s the meaning of ________?

How do you say ____________ in English?

Goodbye

THE ALPHABET

A B C D E F G H I J

K L M N O P Q R S T

U V W X Y Z

Br. Roberto Pesantes 1


PRACTICE

1. Complete the following conversation.
a. _____________________________________
b. Good morning.
a. _______________________________
b. Yes. Come on in and sit down please.
--

a. The correct answer is number 2.
b. __________________________
a. Ok, the correct answer is number 2.
--

a. Thank you for the class professor. See you tomorrow.
________________
--
NUMBERS 1-50

1 One 18 Eighteen 35 Thirty-five
2 Two 19 Nineteen 36 Thirty-six
3 Three 20 Twenty 37 Thirty-seven
4 Four 21 Twenty-one 38 Thirty-eight
5 Five 22 Twenty-two 39 Thirty-nine
6 Six 23 Twenty-three 40 Forty
7 Seven 24 Twenty-four 41 Forty-one
8 Eight 25 Twenty-five 42 Forty-two
9 Nine 26 Twenty-six 43 Forty-three
10 Ten 27 Twenty-seven 44 Forty-four
11 Eleven 28 Twenty-eight 45 Forty-five
12 Twelve 29 Twenty-nine 46 Forty-six
13 Thirteen 30 Thirty 47 Forty-seven
14 Fourteen 31 Thirty-one 48 Forty-eight
15 Fifteen 32 Thirty-two 49 Forty-nine
16 sixteen 33 Thirty-three 50 Fifty
17 Seventeen 34 Thirty-four



PRONOUNS

Singular Plural
I We
You You
He They
She
It

I First person
YOU Second person
HE Third person SINGULAR
SHE Third person
IT Third person
WE First person
YOU Second person PLURAL
THEY Third person

THE VERB “TO BE”
(Affirmative)
AM – IS – ARE

Long form Contraction
I am I’m
You are You’re
He is He’s
She is She’s
It is It’s
We are We’re
They are They’re



THE VERB “TO BE”
(Negative)

Long form Contraction
I am I am not I’m not
You are You are not You aren’t
He is He is not He isn’t
She is She is not She isn’t
It is It is not It isn’t
We are We are not We aren’t
They are They are not They aren’t

PRACTICE
Complete the blanks with the correct form of the verb “to be” – am, is, are.

1. I _______ in this class.

2. He _______ a doctor.

3. They ______ teachers.

4. Mary ______ a secretary.

5. Jorge and Carlos _______ managers.

6. Bruce Willis _______ an actor. He ___________ a police officer.

7. He ______ on the phone. (negative)

8. They ______ on holiday.

9. Our teacher ______ great!

10. This postcard ______ from Tony. (negative)



VERB “TO BE” YES/NO QUESTIONS

Are you a student?
- Yes , I am
- No, I am not / - No, I’m not. (short form)

Is he a doctor?
- Yes, he is.
- No, he is not. / - No, he isn’t.

Is she a secretary?
- Yes, she is.
- No, she is not. / - No, she isn’t.

Are they soccer players?
- Yes, they are.
- No, they are not. / - No, they aren’t.

Is she a teacher? Is Tony a policeman?

_________________ _________________



Is he Bart Simpson? Is it a cat?

_________________ __________________

Is it an animal? Is it a book?

__________________ ____________________

Are you a secretary? Are you in your house?

_________________ __________________

Are you a doctor? Are you married?

_________________ __________________



INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE ARTICLES

A / an indicate singular (1)

She is a secretary. I am an astronaut.

singular singular

He is the teacher. They are teachers.

singular plural

a dog a plane a telephone a car a house

an apple an ant an elephant an owl an actor

A + consonant a dog, a cat
Vowels:
An + vowel an apple, an elephant
a, e, i, o, u
Consonants:
b, c, d, f, g…

Notice



Practice
Complete with the correct word “a”, “an” or “___”

__ door __ umbrella __ airport __ friends __ teacher __ room
__ bird __ idea __ cats __ computer __ uniform __ eagles
__ school __ university __ car __ pencil __ tables __ team

1. She is ____ doctor.

2. They are ____ friends.

3. Tom and Lisa are _____ students.

4. I am _____ astronaut.

5. You are ____ kid.

JOBS AND OCCUPATIONS

Secretary Assistant
Manager Postman
Police officer Driver
Pilot Doctor
Nurse Film director
Actor Actress
Waiter Waitress
Flight attendant Bank teller
Lawyer Accountant
Judge Chef
Maid Bellboy
Elevator operator Teacher
Psychologist Dentist

Practice
A. Complete the sentences with the correct job.

1. The _____________ works on board a plane, serving the passengers.

2. I am hungry. Let’s call the ____________.

3. I have a terrible toothache. / Go to the _____________.

4. The ____________ cleans the kitchen.

5. The _________ is in the police station.



B. Match the two columns.

Teacher kitchen

Chef airport

Secretary restaurant

Waitress police station

Pilot school

Police officer office

COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES

Continents:

1. North America

2. South America

3. Europe

4. Africa

5. Asia

6. Australia

7. Antarctica



North America and Caribbean

North America Central America Caribbean

United States of America – USA Costa Rica Cuba
Canada El Salvador Puerto Rico
Mexico Nicaragua Dominican Republic
Panama

South America Africa

Argentina Ecuador Cameroon
Bolivia Paraguay Congo
Brazil Uruguay Algeria
Chile Venezuela Egypt
Colombia Peru South Africa

Europe Asia

Austria Italy Russia Thailand
Finland Spain Malaysia India
France Sweden Philippines Hong Kong
Germany Switzerland Thailand Japan
Greece Turkey Singapore China
Hungary United Kingdom Korea
Ireland



COUNTRIES NATIONALITIES COUNTRIES NATIONALITIES
Algeria Algerian Ireland Irish
Argentina Argentinean Italy Italian
Australia Australian Japan Japanese
Austria Austrian Korea
Bolivia Malaysia
Brazil Mexico
Cameroon Nicaragua
Canada Canadian Panama
Chile Paraguay Paraguayan
China Peru Peruvian
Colombia Philippines
Congo Puerto Rico Puerto Rican
Costa Rica Russia
Cuba Cuban Singapore
Dominican Republic South Africa
Ecuador Spain
Egypt Sweden Sweden
El Salvador Switzerland Swiss
Finland Thailand
France French Turkey Turkish
Germany United Kingdom British
Greece United States of
America
Hong Kong Uruguay
Hungary Venezuela
India Indian



UNIT 2
OFFICE SUPPLIES VOCABULARY

I need a stapler!

Mary: Good morning Mr. Sanchez.

Mr. Sanchez: Good morning Mary.

Mary: Can I help you?

Mr. Sanchez: I need a stapler.

Mary: It is just behind the pencil holder.

Mr. Sanchez: Thank you very much.

SOME IMPORTANT OFFICE SUPPLIES

DVD Ink cartridges
Pens and pencils Marker
Glue Stapler
Eraser Correction pen
Hole punch Hole punch
Ring binders Label tabs
Envelope business cards
Sticky notes Paperclip
Tape Highlighter
Rubber bands Scissors
Index dividers Hanging file
Ruler Paperclip holder

Task
Make groups and simulate an office with your classmates. Bring some office
supplies you may have in your house.



POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVES
I MY
YOU YOUR
HE HIS
SHE HER
IT ITS
WE OUR
THEY THEIR

Basic rule:

Pronoun + verb

Possessive adjective + noun

Possessive adjective + adj + noun

She is in the house. They are in the office.

Pronoun + verb Pronoun + verb
My boss speaks French. Your secretary is tall.

Possessive adjective + noun Possessive adjective + noun



Practice:

1. _______ plays soccer. (He/his)

2. _______ father works at the bank. (He/his)

3. _______ am a good manager. (I/my)

4. _______ work near the beach. (Their/They)

5. The teacher sings _________ favorite song. (he/his)

6. _______ red car is in the garage. (I/My)

7. The computer is in ________ house. (we/our)

8. _______ favorite sport is baseball.

9. _______ parents travel every summer. (I/My)

10. _______ favorite movie is on TV now. (I/My)

11. _______ new car is in the garage. (You/Your)

Write some sentences of your own, using some possessive adjectives.

1. ____________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________

6. ____________________________________________________

7. ____________________________________________________



DEMONSTRATIVES SINGULAR AND PLURAL

THIS CONTACT
SINGULAR
THAT NO CONTACT
THESE CONTACT
PLURAL
THOSE NO CONTACT

This

That

These

Those



Practice
Fill in with this, these, that, or those as in the example.

1. This is a postman.

2. That is a mouse.

3. _________ is a dog.

4. _________ are cars.

5. _________ is a house.

6. __________ is a watch.

7. __________ are bananas.

8. ________ are laptops.



TELLING THE TIME

What time is it?

It’s 9 o’clock.

15 minutes = a quarter
30 minutes = half

1:30 = It’s half past one. 5:22 = It’s five twenty-two.
2:15 = It’s a quarter after two. 4:05 = It’s four-oh-five
12:00 = It’s twelve o´clock. 4:45 = It’s a quarter to five.

Let’s practice

1:25 = It’s one twenty-five 12:05 = It’s twelve___________

3:45 = It’s ____________________ 1:23 =

7:55 = 9:00 =

2:48 = 10:32=

1:25 = 11:11 =

12:01 = 10:11 =

6:22 = 4:22 =

It’s a quarter after three = It’s nine fifty-five =

It’s eight-oh-one = It’s five past nine =

It’s a quarter to two = It’s half past ten =

It’s two to two = It’s a quarter past one =



DAYS OF THE WEEK

Weekdays Weekend
Monday Saturday
Tuesday Sunday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday

Practice:
A. Read the sentences and circle (T) if the sentence is True or (F) if it is
False.

1. The day after Tuesday is Wednesday. T F

2. Friday is the first day of the week. T F

3. Monday is between Sunday and Tuesday. T F

4. The last day of the week is Saturday. T F

5. Thursday is the third day of the week. T F

B. Write the days of the week in order. The first one is Sunday.

1. Sunday 2. _______________ 3. _______________

4. _______________ 5. _______________ 6. _______________

7. _______________

C. Find the days of the week.

S A T U R D A Y A B
U C H B Y E R A W H
N A U W A F F D E D
D L R Q D F H S D S
A K S W I H K E N A
Y J D E R H J U E J
S H A R F Z M T S B
D G Y T H X B X D C
F F U Y J C V C A L
Y D I M O N D A Y U



D. Unscramble the words.

- Sunday - __________________

- ______________ - __________________

- _______________ - ___________________

- _____________

MONTHS OF THE YEAR

January July

February August

March September

April October

May November

June December

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

In On

Over Under

In front of Behind

Next to Between

among



Fill in the blanks with the corresponding preposition of place.

_______________ ______________

______________ _______________

______________ ___________

_______ ___________



WH- QUESTIONS

What Information What is your name? My name is Sara Miller.

Where A place Where is the teacher? The teacher is at school.

When A date When is your birthday? It is on April 5th.

Who A person Who are you? I am the teacher.

Why A reason Why are you here? Because, I have class.

How A way How is your mother? My mother is sick.

Which Preference Which is your favorite color? It is orange.

Exercises
Complete the questions with the correct Wh__ word from the previous chart.
Example: Where do you live?

1. _________ is the teacher?

The teacher is in the cafeteria.

2. _________ is your birthday?

My birthday is on May 12.

3. _________ are you?

I am fine thanks.

4. _________ is your favorite color?

My favorite color is orange.

5. _________ are you happy?

Because, I have a party.



UNIT 3
Personality and Physical appearance

a. Lazy
b. Cheerful
c. Optimistic
d. Shy
e. Curious
f. Bossy
g. Obedient
h. Bad tempered

Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
HONEST – SHY – ANGRY – EASY GOING – POLITE – BAD TEMPERED
GENEROUS - JEALOUS – KIND- SERIOUS

1. - I don’t like talking to new people. I´m very ______________.

2. - I always say what I think, I am an______________ person.

3. - I never get angry, I´m __________________.

4. - My mobile is broken. I´m very ___________________.

5. - I never laugh. I´m a __________________person.

6. - I like Jim, but he´s dancing with Susan, I´m _________________.

7. - I always give a lot of presents, I´m a ________________person.

8. - I´m always angry. I´m a ____________________ person.

9. - I always say “thank you” and “please”, I’m very _______________.

10. - I always help people. I´m a _________________ person.



Describe the members of your family.

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

BE Vs HAVE

We use «be» to describe something or someone.

TIP: AM FOR I
IS FOR HE, SHE, IT
Example:
He is tall.
ARE FOR WE, YOU, THEY
Mike is intelligent.

Nancy and Sussan are pretty.

The house is big.



Subject + to be + complement (adjective)

We use «be» to say that someone or something is in a specific place.

Example:
He is in the house.

Mike is at the airport.

Nancy and Sussan are in the building.

The house is in Lima.

Subject + to be + complement (place)

We use «have» to express possession.

TIP: HAVE FOR I, WE, YOU,
Example: THEY
He has a new car.
HAS FOR HE, SHE, IT
Mike has a pretty girlfriend.

Nancy and Sussan have homework.

The house has a big garden.

Subject + have + complement (noun)
has

Subject + have + complement (adjective + noun)
has



Let’s Practice
1. The children _____________ in the garden.

2. Sarah ___________ long hair.

3. Steve __________ in the bedroom

4. The electric razor __________ in the bathroom.

5. I ______________ a red toothbrush.

6. Melissa ____________ a new hair drier.

7. The cat __________ in the street.

8. The washcloth ___________ new.

9. The cotton buds _____________ in the cabinet.

10 . My head ___________ very big.

PRESENT SIMPLE

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual.
The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, or something that often
happens.

I speak English. They play soccer.

I don’t speak English. They don’t play soccer.

You have a new book. We watch TV.

You don’t have a new book. We don’t watch TV.

He speaks English. She plays soccer.

He doesn’t speak English. She doesn’t play soccer.



don’t or doesn’t

For negative

I – we – you – they don’t (do not)

He – she – it doesn’t (does not)

Let’s practice
Change the sentences into negative.

1. Dr. Lopez works in Lima. _______________________________

2. The secretary types fast. _______________________________

3. My boss arrives early. _______________________________

4. The professor speaks too loud. _______________________________

5. You study English. _______________________________

6. They finish their career. _______________________________

7. The children play in the park. _______________________________

8. We sleep 8 hours. _______________________________

9. Her boyfriend studies at UTP. _______________________________

10. The dogs bark a lot. _______________________________



3rd person singular
Present Simple

Look at the sentences and then complete the rules.

He washes the car.

She watches TV every day.

Mark works in the bank.

Sandra walks to the bus stop.

It rains a lot.

Luis doesn’t speak French. (negative)

Tom doesn’t write poems. (negative)

 In affirmative sentences with he/she/it we add ___ or ___ at the end of

the verb.

 In negative sentences with he/she/it we use __________ before the

verb.

Complete the blanks with the correct form of the verb.

Camila ______ (1) (live) in San Francisco. She __________ (2) (work) for a very

big company. Camilia and her sister __________ (3) (go) shopping every

weekend. They always ________ (4) (run) in the morning. Camila ____ (5) (be) a

secretary. Her boss, Mr. Ramirez, __________ (6) (arrive) work early in the

morning. At noon, they __________ (7) (have) lunch in a very nice restaurant

near her job.



Present Simple Yes / No Questions

Do you like animals?
Tip: we do not
use the Do you study English?
auxiliaries “do” or
Does she live in Lima?
“does” with the
verb to be. Does he work at a bank?

Question:

Do you have a pencil? Do you want some soda?

Affirmative answer: Affirmative answer:
Yes, I do. Yes, I do.

Negative answer: Negative answer:
No, I don’t No, I don’t.

Does Mary live in Paris? Does Mario play soccer?

Yes, she does. Yes, he does.

No, she doesn’t. No, he doesn’t.

Do they study English? Does it rain in Lima?

Yes, they do. Yes, it does.

No, they don’t. No, it doesn´t.



Read the text and answer the following questions.

Luisa is a secretary. She works at a big company near her house. Every morning,

she takes the bus and arrives her job early. Her boss is Mr. Ramirez. He likes to

drink very dark coffee. At 1 o´clock in the afternoon they go to lunch together.

Questions

1. Does Luis work at a small company? ______________________

2. Does Mr. Ramirez like dark coffee? ______________________

3. Do they have lunch together? __________________________

Write 5 more questions and ask them to your partners.
Example:

Do you like pizza?
Do you study English?

1. _________________________________

2. _________________________________

3. _________________________________

4. _________________________________

5. _________________________________



CLOTHES AND SIZES

Types of clothes

COAT SHIRT GLOVES SHOES HIGH HEEL
SHOES

BOOTS SUIT SKIRT BELT SWEATER

SCARF T-SHIRT SOCKS HAT TIE

These are considered plural words:

PANTS SHORTS GLASSES



PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
I am wearing a red coat I’m not wearing a red coat

You are wearing a red coat You aren’t wearing a red coat

He is wearing a red coat He isn’t wearing a red coat

She is wearing a red coat She isn’t wearing a red coat

It is wearing a red coat It isn’t wearing a red coat

We are wearing a red coat We aren’t wearing a red coat

You are wearing a red coat Your aren’t wearing a red coat

They are wearing a red coat They aren’t wearing a red coat

Examples:

His name is Mario. His name is Jorge. Their names are Sussan
Mario is studying for the Jorge is sleeping. and Tom.
exam. Sussan and Tom are
playing with the ball.

Exercises
Fill in the blanks with the present progressive form.

1. Magaly ___________ a cup of coffee. (drink)

2. Silvia and Martin ______________ in the restaurant. (eat)

3. My boss ______________ some documents. (sign)



4. The secretaries ______________ a conference. (plan)

5. The manager and his assistant ____________ in his office. (talk)

6. The marketing department __________________ on new strategies. (work)

7. Jane and Tom __________ to the beach. (go)

8. The dog ___________ at the neighbor. (bark)

9. The king _____________ on his throne. (rest)

10. The sun ____________. (shine)

Eat Type Drink Swim
Is the baby Is the secretary Is he sleeping? Is he dancing?
eating? typing? No, he isn’t. No, he isn’t.
Yes, he is. Yes, she is. He is drinking. He is swimming.

Drive Write Cook Cry

_________ __________ ________
driving? playing? talking?
Yes, he is. No, she isn’t. No, she isn’t.
She is writing a She is cooking. ____________
letter.



Match the picture with the correct verb.

Wait – climb – watch TV – cry – fly – dance – fight - cook

Read the text and answer the questions.

Peter is an electrician. He's going out the door. He is getting into his car. Right now

he is starting the motor. The car is moving. He is driving past a railway station. He is

stopping the car. His friend is getting on the car. They are driving to work. Peter's

friend is happy to be on the car. It is quite early in the morning, and today it's very

cold. Peter's friend is going to be early for work today.

1. What’s Peter’s job?

_____________________________________________________

2. Where is Peter driving?

_____________________________________________________

3. What’s the weather like?

_____________________________________________________

4. Who is getting into the car?

_____________________________________________________


Re-write the text above and change it into negative.

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

Write some questions of your own and ask them to your classmates.

1. _______________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________________



UNIT 4
OFFICE ROOMS, FURNITURE AND APPLIANCES

Vocabulary:

BATHROOM OFFICE

BOARDROOM MEETING ROOM

BANQUETING CONFERENCE
ROOM ROOM
RECEPTION LOBBY

COPY CENTER

DESK SWIVEL CHAIR

SOFA RUG (CARPET)

TABLE LOCKER

FILING CABINET COFFEE TABLE

FLOWER VASE COUNTER

PEN PENCIL

ERASER PAPER

STAPLER HOLE PUNCH

PAPERCLIP CORRECTION PEN

MARKER HIGHLIGHTER

FILE SCISSORS



Write the correct name for each picture.

_________ ______________ ___________ ___________ ____________

__________ ____________ ____________ ___________ ___________


PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE



Exercise: Complete the sentences using the correct prepositions of place.

Exercise Nº2

Write 5 sentences using the prepositions of place and the objects in your

classroom.

1. ________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________________

5. ________________________________________________________



UNIT 5

FREQUENCY ADVERBS

Always 100% of the time
Frequently about 90% of the time
Usually about 80% of the time
Often about 70% of the time
Sometimes about 50% of the time
Occasionally about 40% of the time
Seldom about 20% of the time
Rarely about 10% of the time
Never about 00% of the time

The frequency adverbs indicate how much of a time a person realizes an action.

Ex.:

You take a shower daily. You always take a shower.

You eat turkey once a year. You rarely eat turkey.



 Look at Lisa’s answers in the Internet Quiz and complete the sentences.

 Do you use the internet for school work?     

 Do you use the internet for fun?     

 Do you play computer games?     

 Do you send emails to your friends?     

 Do you buy things on the internet?     

 Do your parents use the internet?     

 Do they send emails?     

 Does your teacher use the internet?     

 Do you listen to music on the internet?     

 Do you look at the news on the internet?     

1. Lisa _________sometimes uses_______ the internet for school work.

2. Lisa _______________________________ the internet for fun.

3. Lisa _______________________________ computer games.

4. She _______________________________ emails to her friends.

5. She _______________________________ things on the internet.

6. Her parents _______________________ the internet.

7. They ______________________________ emails.

8. Lisa’s teacher _____________________ the internet.

9. Lisa _______________________________ to music on the internet.

10. Lisa ______________________________ at the news on the internet.



Frequency adverbs positions
Verb “to be” + frequency adverb

- She is always in the house.

- They are never tired.

- We are sometimes happy.

- Mary is occasionally at the restaurant.

- Lou is rarely in a bad mood.

Frequency adverb + verb

- She never eats at the restaurant.

- They always study in the library.

- Marcos occasionally drives fast.

- I always arrive early.

- You sometimes play with my sister.

Rewrite the complete sentence using the adverb in brackets in its correct
position.

Example: I play tennis on Sundays. (often)

Answer: I often play tennis on Sundays.

1) He listens to the radio. (often)

__________________________________________

2) They read a book. (sometimes)

__________________________________________

3) Pete gets angry. (never)

__________________________________________



4) Tom is very friendly. (usually)

__________________________________________

5) I take sugar in my coffee. (sometimes)

__________________________________________

6) Ramon and Frank are hungry. (often)

__________________________________________

7) My grandmother goes for a walk in the evening. (always)

__________________________________________

8) Walter helps his father in the kitchen. (usually)

__________________________________________

9) They watch TV in the afternoon. (never)

__________________________________________

10) Christine smokes. (never)

__________________________________________

HOW OFTEN DO YOU SLEEP IN YOUR HOUSE?

I ALWAYS SLEEP IN MY HOUSE.

1. How often do you play volleyball?

I ___________ play volleyball.

2. How often do you watch TV?

_____________________________________________

3. How often are you happy?

_____________________________________________



4. How often is your father tired?

_____________________________________________

5. How often is your boss in a good mood?

_____________________________________________

6. How often do you cook in your house?

_____________________________________________

7. How often does the professor use the computer?

_____________________________________________

8. How often do you speak English?

_____________________________________________

9. How often is Nadine Heredia on TV?

_____________________________________________

10. How often is your mother in the house?

_____________________________________________



UNIT 6

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE vs. PRESENT SIMPLE

Do you want to express that something happens in general or that
something is happening right now?

Simple Present Present Progressive

In general (often, never) In this moment - right now

Tom plays soccer every Sunday. Look! Tom is playing soccer now.

present actions happening one after also for several actions happening at
another the same time
First Tom plays soccer, and then he Tom is playing soccer and Mike is

watches TV. watching TV.

Words that indicate present simple or present progressive.

Signal words

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

always at the moment

every (day, month, specific time) at (in) this moment

often today

normally now

usually right now

sometimes Listen!

never Look!

first

then

Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present:
be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, want



Exercise:

1) Andy sometimes _________________ comics. (to read)

2) We never _________________ TV in the morning. (to watch)

3) Listen! Sandy _________________ in the bathroom. (to sing)

4) My sister usually _________________ in the kitchen. (to help)

5) My mother _________________ breakfast now. (to make)

6) They often _________________ the bathroom. (to clean)

7) Look! The boys _________________ home. (to come)

8) Every day his grandfather _________________ for a walk. (to go)

9) I _________________ with my friend at the moment. (to chat)

10) Cats _________________ mice. (to eat)

11) Look! He ________________ the house. (to leave)

12) Quiet please! I ________________ a test. (to write)

13) She usually ________________ to school. (walk)

14) But look! Today she ________________ by bike. (to go)

15) Every Sunday we ________________ to see my grandparents. (to go)

16) He often ________________ to the cinema. (to go)

17) We ________________ Monopoly at the moment. (to play)

18) The child seldom ________________. (to cry)

19) I ________________ anything at the moment. (not / to do)

20) ________________ the news regularly? (to watch / he)



General review

Test

A. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb to be.
1. ________ you a singer?

2. He ______ an excellent manager.

3. They ________ in the house. They ________ in the park.

4. Mary ________ an assistant.

5. _________ Mark and Tony soccer players?

B. Answer the following questions.

Do you play soccer? Does Mary study French? Do they work at the bank?

___________________ ___________________ (+) ___________________(-)

Where do you study? When is your birthday? What is your name?

___________________ _____________________ _____________________

C. Write the following numbers with letters.

20 8

5 38

53 25

15 13

80 91

100 152

134 29

56 34



D. Fill the blanks with the correct definite article. (a, an, or ____ )

_____ airplane _____ house _____ uniform _____ dogs

_____ student _____ children _____ men _____ door

E. Write the appropriate job or occupation for the image.

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

F. Write the correct nationality for each country.

Argentina Ireland

Australia Peru

Costa Rica Spain

Greece Italy



G. Write the correct name of the following office materials.

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

H. Write the correct pronoun or possessive adjective where it corresponds.

1. _______ are in ______ office. (you / your – I / my)

2. _______ lives in Lima. (she / her)

3. _______ play soccer at _______ school. (they / their – you / your)

4. _______ am in Lima. (I / my)

5. _______ write many books. (we / our)

I. Complete the following sentences using “this”, “that”, “those”, or “these”.

1. ________ pencil is new. (contact)

2. ________ dogs are brave. (no contact)

3. ________ pages are interesting. (contact)

4. ________ is my favorite program. (contact)

5. ________ are your parents. (no contact)



J. Write the correct time.

1. 10:25 _________________________________

2. 12:00 _________________________________

3. 5:15 _________________________________

4. 7:55 _________________________________

5. 4:45 _________________________________

6. 9:03 _________________________________

7. 6:10 _________________________________

K. Answer the following questions using the phrases in the box.

1. Where are you? ______________________________

2. What is your name? ______________________________

3. When is your birthday? ______________________________

4. Which is your favorite music? ______________________________

On June, 5 Rock Teresa In class



UNIT 7

THE PAST TENSE

THE VERB “TO BE” – WAS - WERE

Affirmative Negative (Long form) Negative (Short form)
I was I was not I wasn’t
You were You were not You weren’t
He was He was not He wasn’t
She was She was not She wasn’t
It was It was not It wasn’t
We were We were not We weren’t
They were They were not They weren’t

PRACTICE
Complete the blanks with the correct form of the verb “to be” – was or were

1. Mary ________ in the office yesterday night.

2. He _______ in Rome the last month.

3. Margaret and Tomas _________ friends.

4. We ________ in the house. (negative)

5. Sandra and Mike _________ at the restaurant.

6. Luis ________ at the supermarket. He ________ at the beach.

7. Lucas and Carlos ________ on the car. They ________ in the park.

THE VERB “TO BE” – Yes / No questions
Past Tense

Were you in the house? Was she a good student?

- Yes, I was. - Yes, she was.

- No, I wasn’t. - No, she wasn’t.



Practice
Answer the following questions.

1. Was the doctor at the hospital?

Yes, ______________________

2. Were they good soccer players?

No, _______________________

3. Were you on the bus?

Yes, ______________________

4. Was the waiter in the kitchen?

No, ______________________

5. Were Tom and Lucy at the beach?

Yes, _____________________

REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

REGULAR VERBS: IREGULAR VERBS:

VERB + ED The past form - “changes”

Ex: Ex:

Walk walked Speak spoke

Visit visited Teach taught

Play played Go went



Practice
A. Change the following regular verbs into past.
Add Answer
appear Calculate
Bless Check
Claim Collect
Dance Decide
Decorate Destroy
Fix File
Hate Haunt
Identify Ignore
Lie Match
Manage Need
Obey Observe
Obtain Paint
Perform Plug
Reject Remember
Sneeze Smell
Talk Touch
Walk Want
Wash visit
B. Write 10 sentences with 10 different verbs from the list above.

1. __________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________________

6. __________________________________________________________

7. __________________________________________________________

8. __________________________________________________________

9. __________________________________________________________

10. _________________________________________________________



Some irregular verbs you might know.

SIMPLE FORM PAST TENSE SIMPLE FORM PAST TENSE
Arise Arose Fly Flew
Awake Awoke Forget Forgot
Be Was/were Get Got
Begin Begun Give Gave
Burn Burnt Grow Grew
Come came Have Had
Catch Caught Keep Kept
Drive Drove Make Made
Do Did Read Read (sounds like “red”)
Dream Dreamt Ride Rode
Drink Drank Ring Rang
Eat Ate Run Ran
Fall Fell See Saw
Feel Felt Shake Shook
Find found Sit Sat

Practice
A. Change the following sentences into the past tense.

1. They play soccer at school. ____________________________

2. My secretary studies at night. ____________________________

3. The students go to the break. ____________________________

4. She is in the living room. ____________________________

5. My mother watches a movie. ____________________________

6. The dog eats a lot. ____________________________

7. That dentist works well. ____________________________

8. This car is fast. ____________________________

9. I catch the ball. ____________________________

10. She finds some money on the floor. ____________________________



B. Read the paragraph and answer the questions

Ian Fleming was born in London on 25th May, 1905. He studied
at Eton College, the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst and the
Universities of Munich and Geneva. Fleming worked in journalism,
banking, newspaper management and as a personal assistant to the
Director of Naval Intelligence during the second World War. Fleming
became famous as the creator of the spy, James Bond. His first successful
book was Casino Royale. Between 1953 and his death on 12th August
1964 he wrote eighteen books. His most famous books are: Goldfinger
Diamonds are Forever, Live and Let Die, You only live twice. The actors
Sean Connery, Roger Moore, Pierce Brosnan have played the part of
James Bond in the films based on Fleming´s books.

Questions:
1-Who was Ian Fleming? ____________________________________________

2- When was he born? _____________________________________________

3- Did he work as a journalist? _______________________________________

4- Why did he become famous for? ____________________________________

5- Which was his first successful book? ________________________________

6- How many books did he write? _____________________________________

7- Who played the part of James Bond in the films? _______________________

C. Write about your last weekend.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________



UNIT 7

PAST PROGRESSIVE

We use the past progressive to express that an action in
progress was interrupted in the past.

She was playing with her toys.

They were studying for the exam.

I was working in my office.

We were not going to the conference.

They weren’t drinking coffee.

SUBJECT + VERB TO BE (PAST) + VERB IN –ING FORM + COMPLEMENT

FOR QUESTIONS

Was she playing with her toys?

Were they studying for the exam?

Was I working in my office?

VERB TO BE (PAST) + SUBJECT + VERB IN –ING FORM + COMPLEMENT + ?



Practice
A. Complete the sentences with the Past Progressive

They ____________ a book yesterday night.

They ________________ tennis on Sunday.

Mark _________________ in his house.

The baby ______________ in his bed.



B. Change the sentences in part “A” into negative.

1. ______________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________

C. Change the sentences in part “A” into questions.

1. ______________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________



UNIT 8

FUTURE TENSE

To express future we use “will”

She will study at nights.

They will work for this company.

I will not go home.

We won’t dance at the party.

Mario will draw a nice castle.

SUBJECT + WILL + VERB IN SIMPLE FORM + COMPLEMENT

FOR QUESTIONS

Will she play the guitar?

Will they come for Christmas?

Will I stay in my office?

WILL + SUBJECT + VERB IN SIMPLE FORM + COMPLEMENT + ?



FUTURE WITH GOING TO

We use “going to” to express future.
The difference with “will” is that “going to” requires an
evidence to express future, and “will” is a prediction.

She is going to work at the airport.

They are going to visit France.

I am not going to write a song.

We aren’t going to eat at the party.

Mario is going to cook for the family.

SUBJECT + TO BE + GOING TO + VERB IN SIMPLE FORM + COMPLEMENT

FOR QUESTIONS

Is she going to paint the office?

Are they going to go to the gym?

Is he going to work in my office?

TO BE + SUBJECT + GOINT TO + VERB IN SIMPLE FORM + COMPLEMENT + ?



Practice
Change the following sentences into the future tense.
E = evidence / P = prediction

1. The assistants answer the phone. (E) ____________________________

2. Her boss goes to the conference. (P) ____________________________

3. The baby drinks a lot of milk. (E) ____________________________

4. I am in the house. (E) ____________________________

5. They are playing in the garden. (P) ____________________________

6. We sleep on the sofa. (P) ____________________________

7. It is a nice day. (P) ____________________________

8. Julio sings well. (E) ____________________________

9. You talk too much. (E) ____________________________

10. Sarah cooks delicious. (E) ____________________________



UNIT 9

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES

The comparative adjectives help us to compare
two nouns.

A comparative is formed with an

adjective.
That house is smaller than my house.
Big (adjective) + er (suffix) =
Peru is bigger than Bolivia.
bigger (comparative)
A car is faster than a bike.
Small + er = smaller
She is prettier than your sister.
Fast + er = faster

Shy + er = shier

EXAMPLES OF COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES

Adjective Comparative adjective

high higher

small smaller

big bigger

easy Easier

short Shorter

pretty prettier



Comparative adjectives with more than 2 syllables or ending in –ed or -ing


dangerous More dangerous

bored More bored

wonderful More wonderful

interesting More interesting

SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

The superlative adjectives help us to compare
more than two nouns.

That is the smallest house of the block. A superlative is formed with

Peru is the richest country in culture in South an adjective.

America. Big (adjective) + est (suffix) =

The airplane is the fastest mean of transport. biggest (comparative)

Sue is the prettiest girl in class. Small + est = smallest

Fast + est = fastest

Shy + est = shiest



EXAMPLES OF SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

Adjective Superlative adjective

high highest

small smallest

big biggest

easy easiest

short shortest

pretty prettiest

Superlative adjectives with more than 2 syllables or ending in –ed or -ing


dangerous most dangerous

bored most bored

wonderful most wonderful

interesting most interesting

Practice
A. Complete the chart with the correct form of the superlative or comparative
adjective.

THE MISSING ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
....................... lighter .......................

nice ...................... .......................

curly ...................... .......................

dark ....................... .......................

....................... ....................... the meanest



....................... blonder .......................

...................... chubbier .......................

....................... longer .......................

pretty ....................... the prettiest

tall taller .......................

....................... warmer .......................

....................... closer .......................

B. Write 5 sentences with comparative adjectives and 5 sentences with
superlative adjectives.

Comparatives

1. _____________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________

4. _____________________________________________________

5. _____________________________________________________

Superlatives

1. _____________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________

4. _____________________________________________________

5. _____________________________________________________



UNIT 10

COUNTABLES AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

COUNTABLE NOUNS

The countable nouns represent the nouns that
we can count and we can make them plural.

Example:

- Pen
- Car
- House
- Student
- Notebook

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

The uncountable nouns represent the nouns that we
cannot count and we cannot make them plural.

Example:
- Love
- Cereal
- Fluor
- Garlic
- Food
- Furniture
- Water
- tea



Example:

The secretary is in her office. In this case, “secretary” is a
countable noun.

The doctor has a patient. “doctor” and “patient are
countable nouns.

He has a lot of information. “information” is an uncountable
noun.

Quantifiers

Many for plural countable nouns

Much for uncountable nouns

Some other quantifiers:
Some, a few, any, a little, a lot of

Ex:

There is some water on the floor.

There are a lot of books in the library.

He wants some sugar.

She has five dogs in her house.

I want a lot of water.



FINAL REVIEW

A. Change the following sentences into the past tense.

1. They are good friends. _______________________________

2. She is an excellent secretary. _______________________________

3. Oscar plays the piano well. _______________________________

4. Mary writes many letters. _______________________________

5. My boss drives a new car. _______________________________

6. The assistant types fast. _______________________________

7. We listen to the professor. _______________________________

8. They sing a pretty song. _______________________________

B. Complete the sentences with the proper comparative or superlative adjective.

1. Sue is __________________ than Margaret. (intelligent)

2. Cusco is ___________ than Lima. (pretty)

3. Loreto is the ________________ department in Peru. (big)

4. A building is _____________ than a house. (tall)

5. History is ________________ than Math. (interesting)

6. February is the _____________ month of the year. (short)

7. Iquitos is ______________ than Puno. (hot)



C. Write 4 sentences indicating prediction and 4 sentences indicating evidence.

1. ______________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________________

6. ______________________________________________________

7. ______________________________________________________

8. ______________________________________________________

D. Make a list of 4 countable nouns and 4 uncountable nouns.

COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE

E. Write one sentences with each noun on part D

1. ______________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________________

6. ______________________________________________________

7. ______________________________________________________

8. ______________________________________________________

ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND EXPRESSION 1

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