A 1-day Emergency First Aid course for workplace, home, recreation acivities and just about anywhere! Distilled from an Instructor-led workshop.

1. Emergency First Aid This presentation is a distilled version of an Instructor-led training event, which we hope you will find useful – we’ve left it in PPT format for you to download and edit as you wish, as we believe there’s no price for helping people in need. Please contact us for details of our courses. www.sequentialmanagement.com

2. Course Outline Legislation & Training Requirements Responsibilities - What is expected of a 1st Aider? Accident Assessment – Environment & Casualty Basic Life Support (BLS) CPR (Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation) Trauma – Bleeding, Burns & Fractures Shock

4. Deal with common workplace injuries

6. Emergency First Aid 1. Introduction

7. What is First Aid? First Aid is the initial assistance or treatment given to someone who is injured or suddenly taken ill.

8. Principles of First Aid Preserve Life Prevent Condition from getting Worse Promote Recovery

10. First Aid At Work Refresher Courses

12. Stay Within Your Training! You are not a Doctor or Pharmacist!

14. Treatment RequiredAdminister First Aid Correctly and effectively call the Medical Services.

15. Care with Confidence Every casualty needs to feel secure and in safe hands. Create an air of confidence and assurance by: Being in control of your own actions reaction to the problem. Acting calmly and logically. Being gentle but firm. Speaking to the casualty kindly but in a clear and purposeful way.

16. Signs & Symptoms Signs: Use your Senses See Feel Hear Smell

17. Signs & Symptoms Symptoms: Casualty Reported Sensations Pain Lack of Movement Nausea

18. Age Group Definitions Adult – 7 years + Child – 2 months to 7 years Infant – Birth to12 months

19. The Golden Hour If the heart stops, Brain Damage can occur after just 3-4 minutes.

20. Personal Safety & Hygiene Physical danger Hepatitis B/C HIV Risk Management

22. Risk Assessment – who is at risk

23. Risk Control – control measures

24. Risk Elimination

25. Decision – Benefits

26. Action / No ActionThe application of the risk management process during the activities we undertake will lead to the Safe Person Concept.

27. Dynamic Risk Assessment Evaluate Select Action Proceed Assess Action Consider Alternative YES Risks versus Benefits Do Not Proceed Re-Assess Action Add Control Measures? NO YES (Based on: HM Fire Inspectorate 1998)

29. Personal Safety & Hygiene Hepatitis B/C HIV

30. Emergency First Aid 2. Casualty Assessment

31. Emergency Call On the scene of an Accident your aim is to: Assess Diagnose Treat Dispose

32. Actions at an Accident Scene D Danger R Response A Airway B Breathing CCirculation D Disability

33. Primary Survey Conscious or Unconscious?

34. Multiple Casualties Be sure to assess ALL casualties: SAFETY FIRST! Those making the most noise are more likely to survive – they’re breathing! Look for those who are SILENT Non-breathing Shock

35. Casualty Assessment

36. The Conscious Casualty HISTORY What happened? When did it happen? How did it happen? Has it happened before? Signs & Symptoms Medication Inform relatives

37. Causes of Unconsciousness F I S H S H A P E D Fainting Infantile Convulsions Shock Heart Attack Stroke Head Injury Asphyxia Poisoning Epilepsy Diabetes

38. Emergency Actions - Summary Assess the situation Risk Assessment Check Casualty All of them! Check Response Call Help Open Airway (if required) Breathe for Casualty (if required) Assess Circulation Commence CPR (if required) Treat other injuries Prioritise

39. Secondary Survey Treat other Injuries

40. Emergency First Aid 3. CPR

41. CPR Protocols - 2009 Adult – Child – Infant 30 x Compressions 2 x Rescue Breaths

42. CPR Protocols Adult 1st Priority 30 Compressions Adult Drowning orChild /Infant 1st Priority 5 Rescue Breathes

44. Rescue Breaths - Child & Infant

45. CPR - Adult

46. CPR - Child

47. CPR - Infant

48. Secondary Survey Treat other Injuries Bleeding Burns Bones SHOCK

49. Recovery Position

50. Recovery Position

51. Recovery Position

52. Emergency First Aid 4. Bleeding

53. Bleeding Types of Bleeding ArterialBright Red - Spurting VenousDark Red - Flowing CapillaryMedium Red - Trickling

54. Types of Wound

55. Treatment P - Position E - Examine E - Elevate P - Pressure

56. Wash hands Rinse wound with clean water Dry with towel / lint-free cloth Cover with sterile dressing If a foreign object is embedded in the wound, dress around the object Treatment

57. Eye Injuries Support the Head Dress Injured Eye Hospital

58. Other Types of Bleeding Nose Bleeds Mouth Bleeds

59. Shock Don’t forget SHOCK!

60. Emergency First Aid 5. Burns

61. Burns Treatment Cool Burn Area Apply COOL WATER 10 mins at least Remove Constrictions (if possible) DO NOT pull away burnt clothing Cover burn with STERILE dressing Hospital

62. Burns

63. Emergency First Aid 6. Bones

64. Fractures

65. Treatment Steady and Support Protect Hospital Fractures

66. Emergency First Aid 7. Shock

67. Shock There are many causes of shock: Heavy loss of Fluids Burns Bad News Spinal Cord Injury Injury Severe Reactions Blood Loss Hypo/Hyperthermia Drug Overdose Hypoglycaemia Infection Heart Attack

68. Shock Signs Rapid Pulse Pale, Cold & Clammy Skin Sweating

69. Shock Treatment: Lay Down Loosen Clothing Elevate Legs Nil By Mouth No Smoking Cover with Blanket Medical Assistance Monitor

70. Emergency First Aid 8. Other Injuries & Illnesses

71. Heart Attack Signs & Symptoms Vice-like Pain Feeling of Doom Breathlessness Ashen Skin Rapid then Weakening Pulse

72. Heart Attack Treatment Comfort Casualty Call Emergency services Give Medication Monitor

73. Choking Signs & Symptoms General symptoms and signs of asphyxia. Casualty will be unable to speak or breathe and may be gripping the throat. They may be completely silent. Congestion of the face and neck with the veins becoming prominent, blueness of the lips and mouth. Possible unconsciousness.

74. Choking Look in Mouth - Get the child to cough – if unsuccessful, give 5 back slaps. Check their mouth If unsuccessful: Give up to 5 Abdominal thrusts If unsuccessful – send for help. Repeat back slaps and check mouth.

75. Choking - Adult

76. Choking- Child

77. Choking - Infant

78. Asthma Signs Wheezing Difficulty Speaking Gray Blue Skin Loss of Consciousness

79. Asthma Treatment Comfort Inhaler: - BrownorBlueorBoth Encourage Slow Breathing BROWN- Preventative BLUE- Relief

80. Hyperventilation Treatment: Be Firm BUT Reassuring Keep Casualty Quite Try To Restore Normal Breathing Paper Bag Seek Medical Advice

81. Seizures - Convulsions & Fits Adult (Epilepsy) Child (Infections) Infant (Infections)

82. Seizures - Convulsions & Fits Adult Protect Casualty Ease Fall Protect Head Loosen Tight Clothing Recovery Position Maintain Casualty Dignity

83. Child and Infant (Infection Related) Protect from Injury Cool Child/Infant (Cool gradually) Sponge with Tepid Water Recovery Position Medical Assistance Seizures - Convulsions & Fits

84. Head Injuries Concussion Cerebral Compression Skull Fracture Possible Neck Injury

85. Head Injuries Signs and Symptoms Blow / injury to the head Dizziness Nausea Loss of memory Headache Concussion – brief impaired consciousness Pupils unequal size Drowsiness / Disorientation

86. Treatment Check Responsiveness Monitor DO NOT allow to eat, drink or smoke Hospital Head Injuries

87. Head Injuries Treat ALL head injuries as Serious There is risk of Brain Damage

88. Strains & Sprains Associated with the Softer Structures around Bones and Joints. Usually Sporting Injuries.

89. Strains & Sprains Treatment: RREST IICE CCOMPRESS EELEVATE

90. Stings To relieve pain and swelling apply a cold compress, surgical spirit or a solution of bicarbonate of soda. For jellyfish stings, smooth calamine lotion into the affected area.

91. Stings FOR STINGS IN THE MOUTH OR THROAT To reduce the swelling give the casualty ice to suck. Alternatively, rinse the mouth with cold water or a solution of water and bicarbonate of soda (one teaspoon to a glass tumbler).

92. Stings TREATMENT FOR STINGS IN THE SKIN If the sting has been left deeply embedded in the skin, LEAVE ITas further attempts to remove may in fact increase the flow of poison. Seek medical assistance. DO NOT squeeze the poison sac because this will force the remaining poison into the skin.

93. Stings Anaphylactic Shock If breathing becomes difficult, place casualty in the Recovery Position. Call Emergency Services immediately

94. Swallowed Objects Reassure the casualty and the parents if the casualty is a child. Call Emergency Services immediately DO NOT give the casualty anything by mouth.

96. Remember DR ABCD