GCCC Fall Encore Program Class 2, 2009

1. Russian History The Rulers and other Major Players 19th Century Instructor – Joe Boisvert October 2, 2009

2. 19th Century Russia

3. The Romanov Dynasty House of Romanoff-Holstein-Gottorp 1797

4. 19th Century Russian Rulers Paul I, Emperor Of All Russia 1796-1801 Nicholas I, Emperor Of All Russia 1825-1855 Alexander II, Emperor Of All Russia 1855-1881 Alexander III, Emperor Of All Russia 1881-1894 Alexander I, Emperor Of All Russia 1801-1825 Nicholas II, Emperor Of All Russia 1894-1917

5. Emperor and Autocrat of All the RussiansKing of Poland; Grand Duke of Finland; Grand Duke of Lithuania Alexander I March 1801 – December 1824

6. Russian Postcard Napoleon in Russia

7. Reign 1825 - 1855 Monument to Nicholas I on St. Isaac's Square

8. Four week Protest Pushing for Action Against the Government Goal was to get Constantine as Ruler not Nicholas 1 2000 Rebels Marched on Senate, Nicholas Acted and Had the Mob Surrounded by Loyalist Troops, Eventually Using Force to End Uprising Decembrist Protest 1825

9. Alexander II of Russia (1818-1881) Emperor (tsar) of Russia (1855-1881). He was responsible for the emancipation of the serfs Important reforms that modernized and Westernized Russia's institutions.

10. Alexander 11 - Last of the Enlightened Despots Quasi Liberalism His Goal was to bring Mother Russia into Closer Alignment with Central Europe

11. During his Reign in 1879“The Terror “ Beganalso known as “the People’s Will” Paul 11 brought about Major Reforms These Reforms ended with his Assassination in 1881

12. The Reforms of Alexander 11 were Ultimately Unsuccessful as were the attempts by Peter the Greats a Century Earlier

13. Question: Would there have been a Russian Revolution if Alexander 11had lived and his reforms had been successful or was he responsible for Planting the Seeds of The Revolution

14. ALEXANDER III (ALEXANDER ALEXANDROVICH) Born -1845 Died - 1894 EMPEROR OF ALL RUSSIA 1881-1894 The second son of Alexander II was born in St. Petersburg on February 26, 1845. Alexander IIIbecame official heir to the throne after the death of his elderbrother, Nicholas, in 1865. Ended the Terror with Crack Down He came to the throne on March 1, 1881, at the age 36 after the assassination of his father and was crowned in the Dormition Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin on May 15, 1883.

15. Alexander the 111Intensified Police Powers

16. Alexander III Alexandrovich Romanov

17. Alexander III's reign coincided with an industrial revolution in Russia The strengthening of capitalism. His domestic policy was particularly harsh, directed not only against revolutionaries but other liberal movements. Fearing an attempt on his life, he refused to live in the Winter Palace; He married the Danish Princess Dagmar (Maria Feodorovna) and had six children. Alexander III died Unexpectedly on October 20, 1894,

18. The End of the 19th Century was Marked By Strong Anti-Semitic Actions 215 Pogroms Nobles in Control of Armies Paul 111 Unexpectedly Dies

19. Nicholas the 11 Had From the Beginning of His Rule the Appearance of WeaknessHowever he was a Strong conservative and firmlyBelieved in the Essential Justice of the Autocracy

20. Marie Anastasia Alexei Nicholas II The Last Tsar of Russia Nicholas 2nd The Last Romanov Olga Tatiana

21. St. Petersburg - Grave of Tsar Nicholas II Tsar Nicholas 2nd

22. World War I — Russia Russia entered the first world war with the largest army in the world, standing at 1,400,000 soldiers; when fully mobilized the Russian army expanded to over 5,000,000 soldiers (though at the outset of war Russia could not arm all its soldiers, having a supply of 4.6 million rifles).