This document discusses the foundations of operant conditioning. It describes the different types of reinforcement including positive and negative reinforcement, and the different types of punishment including positive and negative punishment. A contingency table shows how behavior is increased or decreased based on whether a stimulus is added or removed. Conditioned and generalized reinforcers are introduced. The three-term contingency of a discriminative stimulus, behavior, and consequence is explained. Complex behaviors are formed from these basic processes combined with an individual's history of reinforcement.
[2024]Digital Global Overview Report 2024 Meltwater.pdf
324 04 part 1.2 operant conditioning foundations
1. Human Learning
Topic 4: Part 1 Operant Conditioning Foundations -
continued
CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 1 3/30/2012
2. Punishment
Probably of response decreases
Weakening
Processes: Punishment
Stimulus: Punisher
Have to watch behavior
CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 2 3/30/2012
3. Reinforcement Types
Positive reinforcement
Stimulus is added
Behavior increases
Says nothing about good
Different strokes for different folks
Negative reinforcement
Stimulus is removed
Behavior increases
Escape / avoidance
CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 3 3/30/2012
4. Punishment Types
Positive Punishment
Stimulus is added
Behavior decreases
No moral value
Negative Punishment
Stimulus is removed
Behavior decreases
Response cost
CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 4 3/30/2012
5. Contingency Table
Probability of Behavior
Increases Decreases
Positive Positive
Stimulus was
Added
Reinforcement Punishment
Negative Negative
Removed
Reinforcement Punishment
CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 5 3/30/2012
6. Types of reinforcers
Unconditional
reinforcers
Sex, water,
food
Conditioned
reinforcers
Paired with
other SR
Generalized
reinforcers
Work with
many people
Work with
many
behaviors
CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 6 3/30/2012
7. Three-Term Contingency
SD - R - SR+/-
Discriminative Stimulus
Behavior is under „control‟ of a stimulus
Consequences are still the key.
Describe Increase in
“Well done!” SR+
reinforcement behavior ….
Car not Wobble goes
Get alignment SR-
handling well away.
Add too much
Make Curry Tastes bad. SP+
ginger.
“Confirm
Press “Yes” Lose paper. SP-
Delete?”
CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 7 3/30/2012
8. Complex Behavior and
History
These processes form complex behavior
Plus a few more
Individual behavior patterns
Reinforcement history
CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 8 3/30/2012