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審議民主與社區營造
謝昇佑
什麼是審議?為什麼要審議?
 審議只是揪大家開會嗎?
 什麼是草根民主?
 如何善用眾人的智慧?
 怎麼樣才能達到有效的社會溝通?
 運用審議營造共同體
審議民主是基於公眾對問題的討論。Dryzek(1999,2000)
認為這樣的過程使人們思考,在這樣的情境中,人們不太可能
會自利(自私)投票,因為他們在與其他人產生連結,因為他
們看到其他人受到的(或即將遭受的)影響。(McIntyre, 2011)
審議民主的最根本的做法是公眾參與,通過公開討論和對話形
成決策的過程。(Pierre & Peters, 200)進一步強調決策機構的
直接改革:更多的公眾參與在政策制定的環節。這有助於創造
公眾討論問題,更全面的了解現實面對的結構利益問題。政府
(地方層級)有機會發展「真正的」審議民主。 (Pierre &
Peters 2000)
既有民主體制與公民參與的困境
 代議民主
 選舉機制不利深入討論
 政策黑箱
 社會運動
 組織、動員不易
 施壓不等於溝通
 專業社會不利橫向溝通
感性與理性的平衡
 有效的溝通必須有感性同理的溝通過程
 如果只有感性的同情,今日的共識會變
成明日的怨恨
一場審議要做好的基礎條件
 真誠
 安全
 信任
 資訊透明
 傾聽
 互相理解
 參與者必須盡量含納利害關係人
 共同解決問題的承諾
傾聽與表達
 傾聽,是要聽別人的聲音,不是聽自己的回音
 表達要立場清楚,不要拐彎抹角
 先描述問題,在解決問題
 耐心、耐心、耐心
如何創造審議的環境?
 主持人角色的重要性
 重新制訂專業者和社區居民的權力關係
 系列流程要設計,議程安排要精細、討論方
式要方法
http://140.116.67.117/d4/caseview.php?pag
e=1&cs=1&csid=28
針對議題使用不同的討論工具
 討論也需要技術
 越抽象的議題越需要視覺化
方法介紹:象限討論、便利貼
好食機案例介紹
 https://hackpad.com/ep/pad/static/EKS4I
Wt96aG

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8/1審議民主與社區營造-謝昇佑