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International Conference
    «Missile defense Factor in Establishing New Security
                       Environment»




 VIEWS OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF
  THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON MISSILE
           DEFENSE ISSUES


Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian
Federation – First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian
           Federation, Army General N.E.MAKAROV

                         Moscow, 2012
1
               Russian Core BMD Guidelines




    Equal and
                        Solid linkage
    indivisible                               Mutual nuclear
                      between strategic
security as crucial                          deterrence is key
                        offensive and
feature of regional                          to global security
                         defensive
    and global                                 and stability
                      weapon systems
     security
2
                 FUNDAMENTALS OF ABM TREATY OF 1972




The Treaty had the USSR and the USA committed:
 to limit their Missile Defense systems;
 not to deploy nation-wide Missile Defense system;
 not to deploy Missile Defense to protect selected areas;
 not to create sea-based, air-based, space-based and ground-mobile MD
  systems;
 not to engage radars’ capabilities to fight strategic ballistic missiles.
3
                                        US SDI PROGRAM
                                                                       BOOST-PHASE
                                           BOOST-BASED                SURVERLANCE &
                      SPACE-BASED         SURVERLANCE &               TRAKING SYSTEM
                      INTERCEPTOR        TRACKING SYSTEM   NEUTRAL
                                                           PARTICLE
                                                             BEAM
                  RELAY
                  MIRROR
                                                           FRONTING
                                                            MIRROR




                                                                      SPACE-BASED
  SPACE-BASED                                                            LASER
 SURVERLANCE &
TRACKING SYSTEM
                         GRAUND-     GRAUND-BASED
                          BASED         RADAR
         HIGH ENDO-
                       INTERCEPTOR
        ATMOSPHERIC
          DEFENSE
GRAUND-
 BASED  INTERCEPTOR
 LASER
                       BATTLE
                      MANAGTR




The purpose of SDI program was to create a Missile Defense System protecting
          the USA and its allies from a Soviet nuclear missile strike .
ABMD AGREEMENTS OF 1990-s                                                         4
Joint US-Russian statement on             Joint statement of Presidents of         Provision on Standing
   global protection system               the Russian Federation and the          Consultative Commission
  (Washington, 17th of June 1992)            United States of America            (New-York, 26th of September 1997)
                                         regarding Agreement on Ballistic
                                                   Missile Defense
                                              (Helsinki, 21st of March 1997)




     First agreed statement               General understanding to the             Second agreed statement
regarding Agreement between                first agreed statement of 26         regarding Agreement between
   the USSR and the USA on                  September 1997 regarding               the USSR and the USA on
 limitation of ABMD systems,              Agreement between the USSR             limitation of ABMD systems,
     dated 26th of May 1972                and the USA on limitation of             dated 26th of May 1972.
(New-York, 26th of September 1997)        ABMD systems, dated 26th of            (New-York, 26th of September 1997)
                                                     May 1972




 General understanding to the              Agreement on confidence-             Memorandum of understanding
   second agreed statement                building measures regarding           regarding Agreement between
dated 26th of September 1997              systems for fighting Ballistic           the USSR and the USA on
regarding Agreement between              Missiles, which are not strategic       limitation of ABMD systems,
   the USSR and the USA on                      ballistic missiles                  dated 26th of May 1972.
 limitation of ABMD systems,               (New-York, 25th of September 1997)    (New-York, 26th of September 1997
    dated 26th of May 1972.
5
PLANS OF THE USA FOR DEPLOYMENT OF THIRD POSITIONING AREA
                               Possible trajectories of
                                  Russian ICBMs




                                                          Kozelsk



                                                          Tatistchevo




                         TPA defense
                            zone




                                                           Radar ‘s
                                                           range in
                                                            Czech
                                                           Republic
6
DECLARED PHASES FOR DEPLOYMENT OF US BMD SYSTEM IN EUROPE (NATO BMD)

        Phase I(2011)          PhaseII (2011-2015)        Phase III (2015-2018)     Phase IV (2018-2020)
  - deployment of MD        -deployment of MD base      -deployment of MD base    - outfitting deployed MD
  ships with                with «Standard-3»           with «Standard-3» 2А      shooters in Europe with
  «Standard-3» 1А           interceptors 1B in          interceptors in Poland.   «Standard-3» 2B
  interceptors in Aegean,   Romania.                    Outfitting deployed MD    interceptors.
  Adriatic and                                          shooters with
  Mediterranean seas.                                   «Standard-3» 2А
                                                        interceptors.




   Protection of South       Protection of South and         Protection of             Protection of
  European States from        South-East European        European states from      European states from
                            States from shorter range
      shorter range                                       intermediate range              ICBMs
                                     missiles
        missiles                                               missiles
RUSSIAN “SECTORAL” APPROACH                              7


                                                    BM trajectories do not
                                                     cross NATO BMD
                                                    area of responsibility




    NATO area of
     responsibility                     RUSSIAN AREA OF
(NATO BMD assets only)                  RESPONSIBILITY
                                      (RUSSIAN BMD assets
                                              only)

       Territoies of European
      states (NATO members)
     covered by Russian BMD,
        where deployment of
      NATO BMD challenges
     Russian Strategic Nuclear
          Force capabilities



        NATO-RUSSIA JOINT SYSTEM OF COMBAT CONTROL
            (information exchange and target distribution)
8
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EUROPEAN MISSILE DEFENSE

  European MD      The Russian Federation           NATO approach («cooperative
                                                                                       Concurrence
 system element      proposal («sectoral                    system»)
                                                                                         of views
                         approach»)
                  Joint sector wise area          Two independent areas
  Defense area                                                                             No

                  Responsible for interception    NATO responsible for NATO
 Responsibility   of any BM attacking Europe      territory,                               No
                  in its «sector»                 Russia – for Russian territory
                  Full data sharing on shooter    Limited data sharing on missile
                  performances, missile           threats, joint exercises
  Information                                                                              No
                  threats, target distribution,
                  results assessment
                  All BMs within the area of      Only the BM attacking the area of
  Missile kills   responsibility                  responsibility (including adjacent       No
                                                  area)

  Decision to     National level                  National level
                                                                                          Yes
   engage

                  Not required (possible          Possible ( with NATO and Russian
 «Buffer» zone    outside of Russian BM           areas overlapping to embrace             No
                  trajectories)                   Russian territory)
RUSSIAN PROPOSALS FOR MUTUALLY ACCEPTIBLE DECISIONS
                                                                                         9

                                      CRITERIA LIST:
technical performances of BMD components (interceptor’s speed, number of
interceptors, radar range, control system capabilities etc.),
deployment sites,
capabilities for interception of various types of BMs at boost, midcourse and terminal
phases of flight.



 joint familiarization with European BMD deployment plans and its implications for the
                         relevant strategic deterrence capabilities




   development of verification measures to assure security of strategic capabilities




   legally binding agreements defining mutual obligations of the pertinent
   parties to deploy a European BMD system providing equal security to all
                                participants
10
     RETALIATORY MEASURES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDRATION

 to increase defense of fixed launching sites,
 to ensure maximal concealment of Strategic Nuclear Force mobile launchers,
 to increase readiness of deployed BM platforms,
 to increase capabilities of ICBMs in penetrating modern Ballistic Missile Defense,
 to decrease the attacking missile launch fixing time,
 to increase the numbers of information sources in order to assure target identification
 by Russian AD and BMD assets,
 to employ effective systems in fighting mobile BMD assets,
 to ensure destruction or disruption of opposing BMD infrastructure assets (interceptors
 launchers, command & control posts, outer-space detection means).




All said measures will be implemented only as retaliatory steps provided a
    threat to the Russian Strategic Nuclear Force from the US and NATO
deployed BMD assets appears to be on the rise. Russian response will be
             adequate, economically well-balanced and effective.

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Russian MoD views on NATO missile defence in Europe

  • 1. International Conference «Missile defense Factor in Establishing New Security Environment» VIEWS OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON MISSILE DEFENSE ISSUES Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation – First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Army General N.E.MAKAROV Moscow, 2012
  • 2. 1 Russian Core BMD Guidelines Equal and Solid linkage indivisible Mutual nuclear between strategic security as crucial deterrence is key offensive and feature of regional to global security defensive and global and stability weapon systems security
  • 3. 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF ABM TREATY OF 1972 The Treaty had the USSR and the USA committed:  to limit their Missile Defense systems;  not to deploy nation-wide Missile Defense system;  not to deploy Missile Defense to protect selected areas;  not to create sea-based, air-based, space-based and ground-mobile MD systems;  not to engage radars’ capabilities to fight strategic ballistic missiles.
  • 4. 3 US SDI PROGRAM BOOST-PHASE BOOST-BASED SURVERLANCE & SPACE-BASED SURVERLANCE & TRAKING SYSTEM INTERCEPTOR TRACKING SYSTEM NEUTRAL PARTICLE BEAM RELAY MIRROR FRONTING MIRROR SPACE-BASED SPACE-BASED LASER SURVERLANCE & TRACKING SYSTEM GRAUND- GRAUND-BASED BASED RADAR HIGH ENDO- INTERCEPTOR ATMOSPHERIC DEFENSE GRAUND- BASED INTERCEPTOR LASER BATTLE MANAGTR The purpose of SDI program was to create a Missile Defense System protecting the USA and its allies from a Soviet nuclear missile strike .
  • 5. ABMD AGREEMENTS OF 1990-s 4 Joint US-Russian statement on Joint statement of Presidents of Provision on Standing global protection system the Russian Federation and the Consultative Commission (Washington, 17th of June 1992) United States of America (New-York, 26th of September 1997) regarding Agreement on Ballistic Missile Defense (Helsinki, 21st of March 1997) First agreed statement General understanding to the Second agreed statement regarding Agreement between first agreed statement of 26 regarding Agreement between the USSR and the USA on September 1997 regarding the USSR and the USA on limitation of ABMD systems, Agreement between the USSR limitation of ABMD systems, dated 26th of May 1972 and the USA on limitation of dated 26th of May 1972. (New-York, 26th of September 1997) ABMD systems, dated 26th of (New-York, 26th of September 1997) May 1972 General understanding to the Agreement on confidence- Memorandum of understanding second agreed statement building measures regarding regarding Agreement between dated 26th of September 1997 systems for fighting Ballistic the USSR and the USA on regarding Agreement between Missiles, which are not strategic limitation of ABMD systems, the USSR and the USA on ballistic missiles dated 26th of May 1972. limitation of ABMD systems, (New-York, 25th of September 1997) (New-York, 26th of September 1997 dated 26th of May 1972.
  • 6. 5 PLANS OF THE USA FOR DEPLOYMENT OF THIRD POSITIONING AREA Possible trajectories of Russian ICBMs Kozelsk Tatistchevo TPA defense zone Radar ‘s range in Czech Republic
  • 7. 6 DECLARED PHASES FOR DEPLOYMENT OF US BMD SYSTEM IN EUROPE (NATO BMD) Phase I(2011) PhaseII (2011-2015) Phase III (2015-2018) Phase IV (2018-2020) - deployment of MD -deployment of MD base -deployment of MD base - outfitting deployed MD ships with with «Standard-3» with «Standard-3» 2А shooters in Europe with «Standard-3» 1А interceptors 1B in interceptors in Poland. «Standard-3» 2B interceptors in Aegean, Romania. Outfitting deployed MD interceptors. Adriatic and shooters with Mediterranean seas. «Standard-3» 2А interceptors. Protection of South Protection of South and Protection of Protection of European States from South-East European European states from European states from States from shorter range shorter range intermediate range ICBMs missiles missiles missiles
  • 8. RUSSIAN “SECTORAL” APPROACH 7 BM trajectories do not cross NATO BMD area of responsibility NATO area of responsibility RUSSIAN AREA OF (NATO BMD assets only) RESPONSIBILITY (RUSSIAN BMD assets only) Territoies of European states (NATO members) covered by Russian BMD, where deployment of NATO BMD challenges Russian Strategic Nuclear Force capabilities NATO-RUSSIA JOINT SYSTEM OF COMBAT CONTROL (information exchange and target distribution)
  • 9. 8 COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EUROPEAN MISSILE DEFENSE European MD The Russian Federation NATO approach («cooperative Concurrence system element proposal («sectoral system») of views approach») Joint sector wise area Two independent areas Defense area No Responsible for interception NATO responsible for NATO Responsibility of any BM attacking Europe territory, No in its «sector» Russia – for Russian territory Full data sharing on shooter Limited data sharing on missile performances, missile threats, joint exercises Information No threats, target distribution, results assessment All BMs within the area of Only the BM attacking the area of Missile kills responsibility responsibility (including adjacent No area) Decision to National level National level Yes engage Not required (possible Possible ( with NATO and Russian «Buffer» zone outside of Russian BM areas overlapping to embrace No trajectories) Russian territory)
  • 10. RUSSIAN PROPOSALS FOR MUTUALLY ACCEPTIBLE DECISIONS 9 CRITERIA LIST: technical performances of BMD components (interceptor’s speed, number of interceptors, radar range, control system capabilities etc.), deployment sites, capabilities for interception of various types of BMs at boost, midcourse and terminal phases of flight. joint familiarization with European BMD deployment plans and its implications for the relevant strategic deterrence capabilities development of verification measures to assure security of strategic capabilities legally binding agreements defining mutual obligations of the pertinent parties to deploy a European BMD system providing equal security to all participants
  • 11. 10 RETALIATORY MEASURES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDRATION to increase defense of fixed launching sites, to ensure maximal concealment of Strategic Nuclear Force mobile launchers, to increase readiness of deployed BM platforms, to increase capabilities of ICBMs in penetrating modern Ballistic Missile Defense, to decrease the attacking missile launch fixing time, to increase the numbers of information sources in order to assure target identification by Russian AD and BMD assets, to employ effective systems in fighting mobile BMD assets, to ensure destruction or disruption of opposing BMD infrastructure assets (interceptors launchers, command & control posts, outer-space detection means). All said measures will be implemented only as retaliatory steps provided a threat to the Russian Strategic Nuclear Force from the US and NATO deployed BMD assets appears to be on the rise. Russian response will be adequate, economically well-balanced and effective.