Protien synthesis

1. ‫بسم ا الرحمن الرحيم‬
PROTIEN
SYNTHESIS
Dr. Nadia Hasan
Dr. Ahmed Kassem

2. PROTIENS
Definition:
Are chains of amino acids bound
together by peptide bonds.

3. General structure of Amino acid
R
O=C C NH
OH H H

4. General structure of Amino acid
and Peptide bond
R
COO NH C
H 2
NH 2 C COOH
R

5. General structure of Amino acid
and Peptide bond
R
COO NH C
H 2
NH 2 C COOH
R

6. General structure of Amino acid
and Peptide bond
R
H 2O
CONH C
NH 2 C COOH
R

7. The Main Principle Of Protein
Synthesis
(Central Dogma of genetics)
Replication
Transcription Translation
DNA RNA Protein

8. DNA Structure
 Watson-Crick model
of DNA.
 It is double-stranded
polymer of
nucleotides.

9. DNA Structure
Each nucleotide
consists of:

Phosphate group
deoxyribose sugar
Nitrogenous
bases.

10. DNA Replication
The main
:requirements are
DNA Helicase •
DNA Polymerase •
Free nucleotides •
such as: dTTP,
.dATP, dCTP, dGTP
Unwinding proteins •

11. Structure of RNA
RNA is a single-stranded polymers of
nucleotides, the pentose sugar is always
ribose , and the bases are Adenine, Guanine,
.Cytosine, and Uracil
:Types of RNA
).a) Precursor RNA ( pre-RNA
).b) Messenger RNA ( m-RNA
).c) Transfer RNA ( t-RNA
).d) Ribosomal RNA ( r- RNA

12. Protein synthesis
 Starts at
nucleus by
formation of
mRNA through
a process
called
transcription

14. RNA processing
 mRNA is
processed in the
nucleus
 Intron are removed
 Exons are joined

15. t-RNA
 = Single strand
 = Bend on
itself to form
three loop
regions.
 = one loop
contains the
anticodon.
 = it carries aa
at one end.

16. T-RNA

17. Amino acid activation

18. Protein synthesis
•Requires 3 steps:
•Initiation
•Elongation
•Termination

19. Translation
 Then go to the
ribosomes in
cytoplasm where it’s
genetic code is
translated into amino
acids by a process
called translation.

20. The Genetic Code
UUU UCU UAU UGU
Phe Tyr Cys
UUC UCC UAC UGC
Ser
UUA UCA UAA UGA Stop
Leu Stop
UUG UCG UAG UGG Trp
CUU CCU CAU CGU
His
CUC CCC CAC CGC
Leu Pro Arg
CUA CCA CAA CGA
Gln
CUG CCG CAG CGG
AUU ACU AAU AGU
Asn Ser
AUC ACC AAC AGC
Thr
AUA Ile ACA AAA AGA
Lys Arg
AUG ACG AAG AGG
Met
GUU GCU GAU GGU
Asp
GUC GCC GAC GGC
Val Ala Gly
GUA GCA GAA GGA
Glu
GUG GCG GAG GGG