Quality management slides

1. Project Quality
Management

2. Group Members
 Saba Afaq
 Plan Quality Management
 Saba Mehboob
 Perform Quality Assurance
 Reeha Noor
 Perform Quality Control

3. Project Quality Management
Project Quality Management includes the
processes and activities of the performing
organization that determines quality
policies, objectives, and responsibilities so
that the project will satisfy the needs for
which it was undertaken
3

4. Overview of the PQM
4

5. Plan Quality Management
5
Process of identifying quality requirements
and standards for the project and its
deliverables and documenting how the
project will demonstrate compliance with
quality requirements.

6. Plan Quality Management
INPUTS
1.Project management
plan
.2 Stakeholder register
.3 Risk register
.4 Requirements
documentation
.5 Enterprise
environmental
factors
.6 Organizational
process
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
.1 Cost-benefit analysis
OUTPUTS
.2 Cost of quality
1 Quality management
plan
.3 Seven basic quality
tools
.2 Process improvement
.4 Benchmarking
plan
.5 Design of experiments
.3 Quality metrics
.6 Statistical sampling
.4 Quality checklists
.7 Additional quality
.5 Project documents
planning tools
updates
.8 Meetings

7. 7
Plan Quality
Management: Inputs

8. 8
 Project Management Plan
Scope baseline
Schedule baseline
Cost baseline
Other management plans





Stakeholder Register
Risk Register
Requirements Documentation
Enterprise Environmental Factors
Organizational Process Assets

9. 9
Plan Quality Management:
Tools and Techniques

10. Cost-Benefit Analysis
10
A cost-benefit analysis for each quality
activity compares the cost of the quality step
to the expected benefit.

11. Cost of Quality (COQ)
11
Cost of
Conformance
Prevention Costs
(Build a quality
product)
• Training
• Document processes
• Equipment
Cost of nonConformance
Internal Failure Costs
(Failures found by the
project)
• Rework
• Scrap
• Time to do it right
Appraisal Costs
External Failure Costs
(Assess the quality)
(Failures found by the
customer)
• Testing
• Liabilities
• Destructive testing
loss
• Warranty work
• Lost business

12. Seven Basic Quality Tools
 Cause-and-effect
diagrams
 Flowcharts
 Checksheets
 Pareto diagrams
 Histograms
 Control charts
 Scatter diagrams
12

13. Cause-and-effect diagrams
13

14. Flow Charts
14

15. Checksheets
15

16. Pareto Diagrams
16

17. Histograms
17

18. Control Charts
18

19. Scatter Diagrams
19

20. Plan Quality Management: Tools and
Techniques
20




Benchmarking
Design of Experiments
Statistical Sampling
Additional Quality Planning Tools




Brainstorming
Force field analysis
Nominal group technique
Quality management and control tools
 Meetings

21. 21
Plan Quality Management:
Outputs

22. Quality Management Plan : Outputs
22
 Quality Management Plan
 The quality management plan is a component of the project
management plan that describes how the organization’s quality
policies will be implemented.
 Process Improvement Plan




Process boundaries.
Process configuration.
Process metrics..
Targets for improved performance.

23.  Quality Management Plan :
Outputs
Quality Metrics
 A quality metric specifically describes a project or
product attribute and how the control quality
process will measure it.
Quality Checklists
 A checklist is a structured tool, usually componentspecific, used to verify that a set of required steps has
been performed
Project Documents Updates
 Stakeholder register
 Responsibility assignment matrix
 WBS and WBS Dictionary.

24. Perform Quality
Assurance

25. Perform Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance (QA) is concerned with establishing,
evaluating , improving and maintaining the quality of the
processes. Once processes are consistent, QA "assure" that the
same level of quality will be incorporated into each product
produced by that process by use of different tools and
techniques.
OUTPUTS
INPUTS
1. Quality management
plan
2 Process improvement
plan
TOOLS & Techniques
.1 Change requests
1. Quality
management &
.2 Project management
plan
control tools
updates
3 Quality metrics
.2 Quality audits
.3 Project documents
updates
4 Quality control
measurements
.3 Process analysis
.4 Organizational process
assets
5 Project documents
updates

26. 1. Quality Management and Control Tools
1. Affinity Diagrams
2. Process decision program charts
(PDPC)
3. Interrelationship digraphs
4. Tree diagrams
5. Prioritization matrices
6. Activity network diagrams
7. Matrix diagrams

27. I. Steps to Create Affinity Diagrams
It is an orderly extension of a structured brainstorming session to generate
ideas
STEP 1
Write each idea
on a separate
index card
STEP 2
Randomly place
each index card on
flat surface. Wall
board or flipchart
STEP 3
In silence, team
members move the
cards into
meaningful groups
until the group
stops moving the
cards.
STEP 4
As a team,
discuss and then
label each
category with a
title
STEP 5
As a team, discuss
Each category,
Using cause-and
Effect diagrams, if
needed.

28. II. Steps to Create PDPC
systematically identifies what might go wrong in a plan under development.
By using PDPC, you can either revise the plan to avoid the problems or be
ready with the best response when a problem occurs.
1
• Develop a tree diagram of the proposed plan
2
• For each task on the third level, brainstorm what could go wrong
3
• Review all the potential problems and eliminate any that are insignificant
4
• For each potential problem, brainstorm possible countermeasures
5
• Decide how practical each countermeasure is. Use criteria such as cost,
time required, ease of implementation and effectiveness. Mark impractical
countermeasures with an X and practical ones with an O.

29. III. How to Construct an Interrelationship Digraph
Show cause-and-effect relationships, and help analyze the natural links
between different aspects of a complex situation
2. Brainstorm
Ideas
1. Create a
Problem
Statement
3. Determine
Relationships
Between
Ideas
4. Analyze
the Diagram

30. IV. Tree diagrams and Prioritization Matrices
It is used to figure out all the various tasks that must be undertaken to achieve a
given objective
Prioritization Matrix
1
Unavailability of
Construction
Material
Scarcity of raw
materials
Shortage of funds
Delay of Bridge
Construction
Unfavorable
weather
conditions
Equipment
Damage
Equipment
Problems
Unavailabity of
equipment
2
3
4

31. 1. Quality Management & Control Tools
VI. Activity network diagrams –used with
project scheduling methodologies
 Activity on arrow
 Activity on node
 Can be used for review technique
(PERT), critical path method (CPM) &
precedence diagramming method
(PDM).
VII. Matrix diagrams –used to perform data
analysis within the organizational structure
 show the strength of relationships between
factors, causes, and objectives that exist
between the rows and columns of matrix

32. Perform Quality Assurance: Tools &
Techniques
2.
Quality Audits


3.
Structured, independent process to determine if project
activities comply with organizational and project policies,
processes, and procedures.
can confirm the implementation of approved change requests
including updates, corrective actions, defect repairs, and
preventive actions.
Process Analysis


follows the steps outlined in the process improvement plan to
identify needed improvements.
examines problems experienced, constraints experienced, and
non-value-added activities identified during process operation.

33. Perform Quality Assurance: Outputs
 Change Requests
 used as input into the Perform Integrated Change Control process
 used to take
 corrective action,
 preventive action,
 to perform defect repair
 Project Management Plan Updates




Quality management plan
Scope management plan
Schedule management plan
Cost management plan
 Project Documents Updates
 Quality audit reports,
 Training plans
 Process documentation.
 Organizational Process Assets Updates

34. Perform Quality
Control

35. Control Quality
Control Quality is the process of monitoring and recording results
of executing the quality activities to assess performance and
recommend necessary changes

36. Perform Quality Control :Inputs
Project
management
plan
• The project management plan
contains the quality management
plan, which is used to control
quality
Quality Metrics
• A quality metric describes a project
or product attribute and how it will
be measured.
Quality Checklist
• Quality checklists are structured lists
that help to verify that the work of
the project and its deliverables fulfill
a set of requirements.

37. Perform Quality Control :Inputs
Work performance
data
• Work performance data is Planned vs.
actual technical performance, actual
schedule performance, and actual cost
performance.
Approved Change
Requests
• As part of the Perform Integrated
Change Control process, a change log
update indicates that some changes are
approved and some are not.
Deliverables
•A deliverable is any unique and verifiable
product, result, or capability that results in
a validated deliverable required by the
project.

38. Perform Quality Control :Inputs
Project
Documents
Organizational
Process Assets
• Project documents may include
Agreements, Quality audit reports and
change logs , Training plans and
assessments and Process
documentation .
• The organizational process assets
includes the organization’s quality
standards and policies, guidelines,
reporting procedures and
communication policies.

39. Perform Quality Control: T&T
Seven Basic Quality Tools
The seven basic quality tools are illustrated earlier.
Statistical Sampling
Samples are selected and tested as defined in
the quality management plan.
Inspection
An inspection is the examination of a work
product to determine if it conforms to
documented standards.
Approved Change Requests Review
All approved change requests should be reviewed
to verify that they were implemented as approved.

40. Perform Quality Control :Outputs
Quality Control Measurements
Quality control measurements are the documented results of
control quality activities.
Verified Deliverables
A goal of the Control Quality process is to determine the
correctness of deliverables.
Work Performance Information
Work performance information is the performance data
collected
Validated Changes
Any changed or repaired items are inspected and will be either
accepted or rejected before notification of the decision is
provided.

41. Perform Quality Control :Outputs
Change Requests
If the recommended corrective or preventive actions or a
defect repair requires a change to the project management
plan, a change request should be initiated.
Project Management Plan Updates
Elements of the project management plan that may be
updated include Quality management plan , and Process
improvement plan
Project Documents Updates
Project documents is being updated
Organizational Process Assets Updates
Elements of the organizational process assets that may be
updated include Completed checklists and Lessons learned
documentation

42. References
 http://asq.org/learn-about-quality/new-managementplanning-tools/overview/process-decision-programchart.html
 http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/opi/qi/toolbox/interrelatio
nshipdigraph.html
 http://asq.org/learn-about-quality/new-managementplanning-tools/overview/tree-diagram.html