1. Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research Chapter 1

4. Living Organisms Fig. 1-1, p. 2

7. Hierarchy of Life Fig. 1-2, p. 3

8. Fig. 1-2, p. 3 Stepped Art Biosphere All regions of Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere that sustain life Ecosystem Group of communities interacting with their shared physical environment Community Populations of all species that occupy the same area Population Group of individuals of the same kind (that is, the same species) that occupy the same area Multicellular Organism Individual consisting of interdependent cells Cell Smallest unit with the capacity to live and reproduce, independently or as part of a multi-cellular organism

9. Fig. 1-2a, p. 3 Cell Smallest unit with the capacity to live and reproduce, independently or as part of a multi-cellular organism

10. Fig. 1-2b, p. 3 Multicellular organism Individual consisting of interdependent cells

11. Fig. 1-2c, p. 3 Population Group of individuals of the same kind (that is, the same species) that occupy the same area

12. Fig. 1-2d, p. 3 Community Populations of all species that occupy the same area

13. Fig. 1-2e, p. 3 Ecosystem Group of communities interacting with their shared physical environment

14. Fig. 1-2f, p. 3 Biosphere All regions of Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere that sustain life

15. Animation: Life’s levels of organization

17. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Fig. 1-3, p. 3

18. Information Flow Fig. 1-4, p. 4

19. Fig. 1-4, p. 4 Information is stored in DNA. Protein RNA DNA The information in RNA guides the production of proteins. The information in DNA is copied into RNA.

22. Metabolism Fig. 1-5, p. 4

23. Fig. 1-5, p. 4 Electromagnetic energy in sunlight Energy is stored as chemical energy. Sugar Oxygen Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugar molecules. Released chemical energy is made available for other metabolic processes. Carbon dioxide Water and Photosynthesis captures electromagnetic energy from sunlight. Oxygen

24. Fig. 1-5, p. 4 Stepped Art Oxygen Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugar molecules. Electromagnetic energy in sunlight Photosynthesis captures electromagnetic energy from sunlight. Energy is stored as chemical energy. Sugar Carbon dioxide Water and Oxygen Released chemical energy is made available for other metabolic processes.

28. Energy Flow and Nutrient Recycling Fig. 1-6, p. 5

29. Fig. 1-6, p. 5 Secondary Consumers Heat Heat Heat Heat Heat Decomposers Primary consumers Nutrients recycled Sun Primary Producers Energy ultimately lost as heat Energy transfer KEY

33. Life Cycle: Silkworm Moth Fig. 1-7, p. 6

34. Fig. 1-7, p. 6 e. Adult a. Egg b. Larva c. Pupa d. Recently emerged adult

35. Animation: One-way energy flow and materials cycling

39. Artificial Selection Fig. 1-8, p. 7

40. Animation: Insect development

41. Camouflage in Rock Pocket Mice Fig. 1-9, p. 8

42. Distributions of Rock Pocket Mice Fig. 1-10, p. 9

43. Fig. 1-10, p. 9 New Mexico Arizona Mouse color Armendaris Pinacate N = 8 N = 12 N = 5 N = 15 N = 11 N = 18 Rock color Most mice captured on pale rocks had sandy-colored fur. Most mice captured on dark rocks had black fur.

47. Classification Fig. 1-11, p. 10

48. Fig. 1-11, p. 10 Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Genus: Canis Species: Canis familiaris

49. Fig. 1-11, p. 10 Stepped Art Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Genus: Canis Species: Canis familiaris

51. 3 Domains of Life Fig. 1-13, p. 12

52. Fig. 1-13, p. 12 a. Domain Bacteria b. Domain Archaea c. Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protoctista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Plantae

54. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Fig. 1-12, p. 11

55. Fig. 1-12a, p. 11 DNA a. Escherichia coli , a prokaryote

56. Fig. 1-12b, p. 11 Nucleus with DNA b. Paramecium aurelia , a eukaryote

63. Experimental Research Fig. 1-14, p. 15

64. Fig. 1-14a (1), p. 15

65. Fig. 1-14a (2), p. 15

66. Fig. 1-14b, p. 15

67. Animation: Life’s diversity

69. Observational Research Fig. 1-15de, p. 17

70. Fig. 1-15a, p. 17 Anolis gundlachi

71. Fig. 1-15b, p. 17 Anolis cristatellus

72. Fig. 1-15c, p. 17 Copper Anolis model

73. Fig. 1-15d, p. 17 Percentage of models and lizards perched in sun or shade In the forest where A. gundlachi lives, nearly all models and nearly all lizards perched in shade. Percentage in sun or shade Lizards Models Lizards Models Percentage in sun or shade Perched in sun Perched in shade In the habitat where A. cristatellus lives, nearly all models perched in shade, but most lizards perched in sun. Anolis gundlachi Anolis cristatellus

74. Fig. 1-15e, p. 17 Temperatures of models and lizards Lizards Models Lizards Models Percentage of observations Percentage of observations Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C) Body temperatures of A. gundlachi were not significantly different from those of the randomly placed models. Body temperatures of A. cristatellus were significantly higher than those of the randomly placed models. Anolis gundlachi Anolis cristatellus

75. Animation: Sample size and accuracy

78. Animation: How do scientists use random samples to test hypotheses

79. Video: Bird flu