This document discusses methods for controlling soil erosion. It explains that maintaining good soil structure, adequate crop cover, and special erosion control practices can effectively control both water and wind erosion. The main methods described are cover methods like mulching and cover crops, and barrier methods like terracing. Cover methods aim to protect the soil surface, while barrier methods disrupt water flow. Choosing appropriate practices based on each erosion problem can provide an effective remedy.

1. Control of Soil Erosion
Prepared by:
Presented with:
Sagun paudel
Health Assistant , • Rajendra sapkota
Student of BPH @ lA • Rabeeta pokhrel
GRANDEE international
college, simalchour
Pokhara

2. Introduction
While protecting and improving land
investment, controlling soil erosion will:
• sustain or improve crop yields
• reduce drainage costs
• retain nutrients and chemicals where
applied
• reduce hazards when working on eroding
soil, and
• help improve water quality.

3. Management of soil for water and wind erosion
control is based on sensible soil conservation
practices. The majority of these practices are
recognized components of good soil, crop, and
water management.
For effective erosion control:
• maintain good soil structure
• protect the soil surface by adequate crop and
residue cover, and
• use special structural erosion control practices
where necessary.
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4. These factors often control both water and wind
erosion. Not all erosion control practices will fit
into every farm management scheme.
However, each erosion problem can be
remedied by choosing one or more of the
remedial practices appropriate to the problem.
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5. METHOD OF CONTROL
1. COVER methods
o Mulching
o Cover crops and green manures
o Green manures - also usually legumes
o Mixed cropping and inter-cropping
o Early planting
o Crop residues
o Agroforestry
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6. 2. BARRIER methods
o Man-made terraces
o Contour ploughing
o Contour barriers
o Natural terraces
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7. A permanent vegetative cover is the best
protection for soil. The moment vegetation is
destroy the condition becomes favorable for soil
erosion.
Studies at Phewa Tal watershed has indicated
that bare ground allows four times more soil
erosion compared to permanent plant covered
ground.
In this method we try to plant such species,
which are capable of holding soil strongly and
can survive in very adverse soil condition.
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8. Beside this the farming system should also be
considered. Improper cultivation leads to severe
soil erosion. So land use system should be
properly implemented. The main principle of
biological control is to prevent high speed of
water and conserve water within the soil. In
biological control following method can be
adopted.
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9. Mulching: mulching is the covering of the soil
with crop residues such as straw, maize, stalks
etc. these cover protects the soil from the rain
drop impact and reduces the velocity of run off
and wind. It is also useful as an alternative to
cover crop in dry areas where a cover crop should
complete for moisture with the main crop.
Cover crop: they are grown as a conservation
measure either during off-season or as ground
protection under trees. They are grown as winter
annuals and, after harvest, are ploughed to form
a green manure.
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10. Multiple cropping: the aim of multiple cropping is
to increase the production from the land whilst
providing protection of the soil against erosion. It
includes:
• Rotation: growing different crops consequently in
rotation reduces erosion as high rate of soil loss
under row crop is counteracted by low rates
under other crops.
• Strip cropping: row crops and protection effective
crops (legumes and grasses) are grown in
alternate strips aligned on the contour or
perpendicular to the wind. It is suitable for the
slope of 30o.
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11. High density cropping: it is used to try to obtain
the same effects for a monoculture that multiple
cropping achieves for two or more crops.
Agro forestry: Trees can be incorporated within
a farming system by planting them on terraces,
contour bounds and as ornamental around the
homestead. This reduces soil erosion and
provides additional needs to the farmers.
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12. Shifting cultivation: an areas forest is cleared by
slash and burn, and cultivated with crops for a
second year before being allowed to revert to
scrub and secondary forest. This practice will
maintain soil fertility and reduce soil erosion as
long as the low ratio population to land areas is
maintained.
Rotational grazing: for controlling erosion on
grasslands, rotational grazing is practiced i.e. The
stock is moved from one pasture to other, to give
time for the grass to recover.
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13. Proper forest management: though erosion
under forest cover is less, sever erosion may
result when the hill forest area is subjected to
clear felling, selection or shelter wood system
should be adopted.
Reforestation / afforestation: vegetation play the
major role in erosion control on gullies areas
and landslides. So forestation programs should
be prioritized.
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14. Soil management: it maintains and improves fertility and
structure of soils. High fertile soil results in high crop yield,
good plant cover and therefore in conditions, which
minimize the affect of erosive agent nevertheless extensive
soil, management is not viable for land use other than
agriculture. It includes;
• Increasing organic matter content: organic matter
improves the cohesiveness, water retention capacity and
structure of soil. Green manure, straw etc should be
added as organic substance in agriculture lands, though
tree litters maintain adequate organic content in forest
soil.
• Using soil stabilizers: it consists of organic by products,
synthetic polymers and polyvalent salts. The former two
bind the soil particles into aggregates and latter bring
about flocculation of the clay particles. However soil
stabilizers are expensive for general forestry use.
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15. Continued covering: - Once the land is naked
there is high possibility of soil erosion. Hence the
land should be kept covered all round the year.
Inter cropping: - In this method, the spaces
among the tree species are covered with
agriculture crops, which help in soil and water
conservation.
Mixed cropping: - In this system two or more
than two crops are raised in the same land and in
the same time. The benefit is that due to
different kind of roots, soil is protected more
perfectly.
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16. Wind breaks: - Windbreaks are usually used in plain
areas where the wind moves rapidly and forcely
which detaches soil particles causing soil erosion. In
this method tree species of streng trunk, deep
rooted and large crown are preferred which are
raised around the agricultural land
Rotational cropping: - Raising only one species
every year may turn the soil infertile and may lead
to erosion. So rotational cropping is necessary. In
this system one crop is followed by next crop
usually legume which makes the soil fertile.
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17. Terracing: - In hilly areas, the farming should be
done only when the land is terraced properly
because without terracing the run-off is
increased and soil is easily eroded.
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18. REFERENCE:
http://www.forestrynepal.org
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19. THANKYOU!
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