1. Communication
Lecture One

3. Communication
• Communication is the process of using verbal
and non-verbal cues to transact mutually
understood meanings between two or more
people within a particular context and
environment.
• Communication is the art of being
understood. - Peter Ustinov

4. Communication
• Everything is communication
• A lot is unintentional
• Information VS
Communication
• Direct or mediated

5. Communication Process - Models
• One way communication
• Two way communication
• Transaction

6. Elements in the Communication
Process
•
•
•
•
Sender
Receiver
Message
Channel/
Medium
• Feedback
•
•
•
•
•
Encoding
Decoding
Noise(Barriers)
Frame of Reference
Communication
environment
• Climate

7. Linear Communication Model

8. Transactional Communcation Model

9. Communication
Conclusion: Communication =
 All verbal or non-verbal
behaviour
 On a conscious or subconscious
level

10. Types
• Formal
• Informal
According to Albert Mehrabian, meaning is
conveyed through
 Verbal
7%
 Non-verbal 93%
 Vocal 38%
 Visual 55%

11. Communication
• On a conscious or subconscious level…
Our communication transmitters can not be switched
off.

12. Formal vs Informal
• “The kids were always sticking filthy whatsits
in their gobs. Their mum was just useless.”
• The children were frequently putting dirty
toys in their mouths. The mother was not
maintaining any order.

13. Overcoming the Barriers
• Taking the receiver more seriously
• Thinking more clearly about the
message
• Delivering messages skilfully
– Focusing on the receiver
– Using multiple channels and
encoding
– Securing appropriate
feedback

14. Basic facts to remember
• Message sent is not always message received.
• Meaning is in the mind.
• Symbols of communication are imperfect.
• Communication across cultures is especially
difficult.

15. Communicate to Communicate
• Need for Adaptation
• Be Ethical in your communication

16. Communication Exercise

17. Communication Exercise
• You are given a character. Do NOT reveal it to
others.
• Look at the image from your character’s
viewpoint
• by answering these questions:
•
•
•
•
What does the goat represent for you?
What does this picture mean to you?
What is your reaction to the goat?
What do you see when you look at the picture?
• Others will try to find out your character.
• Your self-description should not be more than