architectural design elements and principles used in the strucuture of TAJ MAHAL

1. BY:
JYOTI AHLAWAT
TSERING
SAJIDA
AASTHA
MADHUR
ASSIGNMENT-4

2.  A POINT MARKS A POSITION IN SPACE.
 IN THIS PLAN ITS MARKING THE
INTERSECTION OF TWO LINES.
 HERE POINT IS STABLE AND AT REST,
ORGANIZING SURROUNDING
ELEMENTS ABOUT ITSELF AND
DOMINATING ITS FIELD.
 THESE POINTS CONNECTED BY LINES
ARE FORMING A BASE PLANE FOR THE
TOMB.
 HERE IN THE COMPLEX TWO POINTS
ARE CREATING AN AXIS LINE.
MASOULEUM PLAN
 VERTICAL LINEAR ELEMENTS (IN THIS CASE MINARETS)
ARE DEFINING A TRANSPARENT VOLUME OF SPACE. IN
THE EXAMPLE FOUR MINARET TOWERS OUTLINE A
SPATIAL FIELD FROM WHERE DOME RISE.
 USE OF DIFFERENT WALL PLANES ARE CREATING
VOLUMETRIC ELEMENTS.
LINES CREATING
CENTRAL DOME
AREA PLANE

3. ADDITIVE FORM OF TRIANGLE
AND RECTANGLE AND
OCTAGONAL AND SQAURE
RES.
CENTRALIZED FORM
• A NO. OF SECONDARY FORMS CLUSTERED ABOUT
A DOMINANT , CENTRAL PARENT- FORM
• VISUAL DOMINANCE OF A GEOMETRICALLY
REGULAR, CENTRALLY LOCATED FORM
• IN THE CASE OF TAJ MAHAL, IT CONSIST OF
SHAPES SUCH AS TRINGLE , RECTANGLE AND
LINEAR
• LINEAR FORM IN TAJ MAHAL IS MANIPULATED TO
ENCLOSE A PORTION OF SPACE.
• GRID HAS BEEN ROTATED FOR SOME ELEMENTS
AND OCTAGONAL FORMS IN PLANNING.
• TEXTURE AND COLOR TOGETHER AFFECT THE
VISUAL WEIGHT AND SCALE OF A PLANE AND THE
DEGREE TO WHICH IT ABSORBS OR REFLECTS
LIGHT AND SOUND
ELEMENTS OF KNOWN SIZE WITHIN THE
VISUAL CONTEXT OF A PLANE CAN AID OUR
PERCEPTION OF ITS SIZE AND SCALE.
TRIANGLE
LINEAR
RECTANGLE
OCTAGONAL
SQUARE

4. •A CENTRALIZED ORGANIZATION IS A STABLE, CONCENTRATED COMPOSITION
THAT CONSISTS OF A NUMBER OF SECONDARY SPACES GROUPED AROUND A
LARGE, DOMINANT, CENTRAL SPACE.
•THE CENTRAL, UNIFYING SPACE OF THE ORGANIZATION IS GENERALLY
REGULAR IN FORM AND LARGE ENOUGH IN SIZE TO GATHER A NUMBER OF
SECONDARY SPACES ABOUT ITS PERIMETER.
•THE SECONDARY SPACES OF THE ORGANIZATION MAY BE EQUIVALENT TO ONE
ANOTHER IN FUNCTION, FORM, AND SIZE, AND CREATE AN OVERALL
CONFIGURATION THAT IS GEOMETRICALLY REGULAR AND SYMMETRICAL
ABOUT TWO OR MORE AXES.
•THE SECONDARY SPACES MAY DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER IN FORM OR SIZE
IN ORDER TO RESPOND TO INDIVIDUAL REQUIREMENTS OF FUNCTION,
EXPRESS THEIR RELATIVE IMPORTANCE, OR ACKNOWLEDGE THEIR
SURROUNDINGS.
•THIS DIFFERENTIATION AMONG THE SECONDARY SPACES ALSO ALLOWS THE
FORM OF A CENTRALIZED ORGA- NIZATION TO RESPOND TO THE
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF ITS SITE.
SPACES LINKED BY COMMON SPACES

5. 2.8X
X
1.6X
X/4 X/2
 A NUMBER OF THEORIES OF “DESIRABLE” PROPORTIONS
HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED IN THE COURSE OF HISTORY.
 OUT OF WHICH TAJ MAHAL FOLLOW :
GOLDEN SECTION RATIO
 ALL RECTANGLES USED IN THE TOMB BUILDING AND ITS
MAIN ARCH ARE ALL GOLDEN RECTANGLE WITH HEIGHT
TO WIDTH RATIO EQUAL TO 0.618.
 THE MAIN TOMB ELEVATION IS IN 12:12
PROPORTION.
GOLDEN RECTANGLES IN TOMB AND ITS FRONT VAULT.
USE OF DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS IN THE TOMB.
25
12

6. X
X/2
X/4
PLINTH AND MATERIAL SCALE IN
COMPARISON TO HUMAN SCALE IN
MINARET.
X
5X
36X
3X
10X
X
COMPARISON OF HUMAN
SCALE TO MINARET.
 USE OF HUMAN AND MONUMENTAL SCALE
IN DEIGN OF TOMB FRONT VAULT AND
ENTRANCE GATEWAY TO COMPLEX
8X
X
3X

7. USE OF VARIOUS AXISES PRODUCING SYMMETRY

8.  VIEW OF ENTRANCE GATEWAY FROM THE
TOMB.
 VISUAL AXIS CREATED BY LINEAR
PLANNING OF WATER BODY.
 THERE IS A CONCEPT OF SERIAL VISION
WHICH IS FOLLOWED.
EXTERIOR VIEW OF ENTRANCE GATEWATY.
VIEW FROM INSIDE OF ENTRANCE GATEWAY
VIEW FROM OUTSIDE THE ENTRANCE GATEWAY
SERIAL VISIONS CREATED ALONG AN AXIS.
 AT ENTRANCE WE CAN SEE ONLY THE CENTRAL TOMB PART.AFTER GOING OUTSIDE THE
ENTRANCE GATEWAY WE CAN SEE THE WHOLE MAUSOLEUM.

9. AXIS OF SYMMETRY IN TOMB

10. APPROACH
THIS IS THE FIRST PHASE OF THE
CIRCULATION SYSTEM, DURING
WHICH WE ARE PREPARED TO SEE,
EXPERIENCE, AND USE THE SPACES
WITHIN A BUILDING.
FRONTAL A FRONTAL APPROACH LEADS
DIRECTLY TO THE ENTRANCE OF A
BUILDING ALONG A STRAIGHT, AXIAL
PATH.
ENTRANCE
CONFIGURATION OF THE PATH
GRID
A GRID CONFIGURATION CONSISTS OF
TWO SETS OF PARALLEL PATHS THAT
INTERSECT AT REGULAR INTERVALS
AND CREATE SQUARE RECTANGULAR
FIELDS OF SPACE.
THE FOUR MAIN SECTIONS ARE
SEPARATED BY TWO WATER CHANNELS
WHICH BISECT AT RIGHT ANGLES. EACH
OF THESE SECTIONS, ARE IN TURN,
DIVIDED INTO QUARTERS BY
SANDSTONE PATHS. THE ADDITION OF
WATER COURSES IS ENDEMIC TO THE
CHAHAR-BAGH DESIGN.
RADIAL
A RADIAL CONFIGURATION HAS
LINEAR PATHS EXTENDING
FROM OR TERMINATING AT A
CENTRAL, COMMON POINT.
THE INTERIOR FLOOR PLAN OF
TAJ MAHAL CLEARLY SHOWS
THE RADIAL LAYOUT.
PATH–SPACE RELATIONSHIP
PASS THROUGHY THE SPACES
• THE PATH IS THROUGH A SPACE
AXIALLY.
• IN CUTTING THROUGH A SPACE, THE
PATH CREATES PATTERNS OF THE
REST AND MOVEMENT WITHIN IT.
THE TAJ MAHAL IS LOCATED AT THE
END OF THE PATH, THE PATH RUNS
FROM THE MAIN GATE TILL THE END
WHERE TAJ MAHAL IS LOCATED,
PASSING THROUGH THE CHAR BAGH
WHICH CREATES A PATTERNS OF GRID.
IN TERMS OF LOCATION, THIS
ENTRANCE IS WITHIN THE
FRONTAL PLAN OF A
BUILDING.THE LOCATION OF
THE ENTRANCE DETERMINE THE
CONFIGURATION OF THE PATH
AND THE PATTERN OF THE
ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE SPACE.