HiRoshima.R #2 入門者講習資料

Hi oshima.

2012-02-11 HiRoshima.R #2 @

Friday, February 10, 12 1

0.


0.

• (SAKAUE, Tatsuya)

• : ...
• Nagoya.R / HiRoshima.R
• ID: sakaue
• ...


Agenda
1. R
2.
3.
4.
5. R


•
• Ross Ihaka & Robert Gentleman (R & R)
• Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman. R: A language for data analysis and graphics.
Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 5(3):299-314, 1996.

• http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/twiki/pub/Main/Je reyHorner/JCGSR.pdf

•


• IBM SPSS Statistics 10 ...

•
•

•
•
•
•
•


Ugeeeeeeeee


Excel SPSS ...
•
•
• Excel
•

Excel
SPSS

-Install / Update / Uninstall-


1. http://www.r-project.org/
2. “download R”
3. JAPAN
4. OS


• Windows: : http://cran.md.tsukuba.ac.jp/bin/windows/base/
• Download R 2.14.0 for Windows

• Mac OS X: http://cran.md.tsukuba.ac.jp/bin/macosx/
• R-2.14.0.pkg (latest version)


1. http://www.r-project.org/
2.

3.


•

•

• Windows
•


• Windows
• [ Windows XP] →

• [ Windows 7 ] →

• Mac OS X
• /Applications /Library
Frameworks R. framework CleanApp


• Windows
• START → Program → R → R 2.14.1
• Mac OS X
• /Applications R

R


• Windows Mac OS X
1. q()
2.
3. R


...
• help(sth)
• seekR (http://seekr.jp/)

• R SEEK (http://www.rseek.org/)

• RjpWiki (http://www.okada.jp.org/RWiki/)

• R-Tips (http://cse.naro.a rc.go.jp/takezawa/r-tips/r.html)

•R (http://aoki2.si.gunma-u.ac.jp/R/)


•
•
• help(sth) !!


Excel
SPSS

Agenda
1. R
2.
3.
4.
5. R


• [Enter]
• > 3+5 [Enter]
• > 10-3 [Enter]
• > 2*3 [Enter]
• > 100/20 [Enter]
• > (12 + 34 -56) * 78 / 90 [Enter]

•
• > 100^1/2
• > 100^(1/2)

“I don't know !” by fmgbain http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/fmgbain/4382010455/

sqrt()

• > sqrt(2)
• > sqrt(144)
• > sqrt(104976)

( )

•
•q() help(sth)

•

“I don't know !” by fmgbain http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/fmgbain/4382010455/

“hako”

• > hako <- c(1,2,3,4,5)
• > hako
• c() concatenate/combine
•

c() “<-”

hako <- c(1,2,3,4,5) “<-”

←


+ ...

• [Enter]

• [STOP]
• [Esc]


•
• Tab


hako

1 5 5


• > sqrt(hako)

• > log(hako)


sqrt(1), sqrt(2) ... sqrt(5)
log(1), log (2) ... log (5)


• summary()

• table()

• sum()

• length()


• mean()

• max(), min()

• median()

• sd()


•R
•
• q(), help(), sqrt(), log(), c()
•

OK


Agenda
1. R
2.
3.
4.
5. R


Sub topics

1.
2.
3.


...

•
•
• TOEIC


...

A 180 75
B 170 65
C 165 60
D 175 70
E 190 80

R


1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9


matrix()


matrix()

•
• matrix( , , )

•

A 180 75
B 170 65
C 165 60
D 175 70
E 190 80

karada <- matrix(c(180, 170, 165,
175, 190, 75, 65, 60, 70, 80), 5, 2)
1. c()
2. matrix()
• 5 2
3. karada


> karada


matrix(1:9,nrow=3,ncol=3)

1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9


matrix(1:9,nrow=3,ncol=3,byrow=TRUE)

1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9


1.

2.


demo <- matrix(1:30,nrow=5,ncol=6)

http://gyazo.com/76c58d5d6c8426a44f160897cda99671.png


2 → demo[2,]
2 → demo[,2]

http://gyazo.com/6726084afd9e1cc4b03df85fe6bc0f29.png

2 4
→ demo[c(2,4),]
2 4
→ demo[, c(2,4)]


http://gyazo.com/a116c0e2f1284ea7d38bf7024d92f1cc.png

•
•
•


Sub topics

1.
2.
3.


•
•
•


B 175 65
B 177 70
B 174 75
A 179 70
O 170 60

• Excel WS

•
•


...

• data.frame() (p.240)

• (p.243)

• (p.243)


...


“173.365 - Come on, feel the noise” by Je the Trojan
http://www. ickr.com/photos/trojanguy/3046207115/

Sub topics

1.
2.
3.


...

• Excel
•
→


• ...

•
•

• Windows →
• “MyDocuments”

• Mac OS X →

• Linux up to you...


•
• getwd()
• > getwd()
• setwd()
• > setwd("/Users/sakaue/Desktop/")


• read.csv()
• CSV
• CSV: Comma Separated Value


1. demo.csv
• XLS/XLSX
• CSV UTF-8

2. > test <- read.csv(“demo.csv”)

3. > test [Enter]


CSV
...


• read.delim()
•
• delim: delimiter


1. demo.xls
2. > test2 <- read.delim("clipboard")
Mac : read.delim(pipe(“pbpaste”))

3. > test2 [Enter]


> table(test2[,1])
• 1

> mean(test2[,2])
• 2

> hist(test2[,2])
• 2


•
• CSV read.csv()

• or


CSV

Excel

“y2.d175 | Lasershow! Relax!” by B Rosen
http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/rosengrant/4751386872/

Excel
SPSS

Agenda
1. R
2.
3.
4.
5. R


1.
2.


2

Excel SPSS
... orz

> age <- c(18, 23, 14, 19,
21, 29, 22, 21, 23, 19, 20, 20,
26, 18, 14, 6, 8, 16, 23, 20)
> hist(age)


> score <- c(60, 50, 72, 43, 50,
55, 43, 50, 85, 40)
> words <- c(340, 190, 465, 170,
130, 225,140, 310, 580, 120)
> plot(score,words)


> high <- c(350, 285, 315, 340,
210, 185, 120, 740, 425, 155)
> coll <- c(365, 570, 645, 540, 645,
665, 880, 550, 410, 585)
> boxplot(high, coll, names=c("High", "Coll"))


1.

2.

3.

twitter, FB


Excel

“y2.d175 | Lasershow! Relax!” by B Rosen
http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/rosengrant/4751386872/

Agenda
1. R
2.
3.
4.
5. R


t


• H0

• H1

• H0 (t, χ2, F )

•


t

•

•R t.test()


t
•

> like <- c(6,10,6,10,7,8,7,9,10,4)
> dislike <- c(3,5,6,4,4,8,4,5,4,7)
> t.test(like,dislike,var.equal=TRUE)


t
> t.test(like,dislike,var.equal=TRUE)

Two Sample t-test

data: like and dislike
t = 3.3041, df = 18, p-value = 0.003946
alternative hypothesis: true difference in
means is not equal to 0 #
95 percent confidence interval: #
0.9831754 4.4168246
sample estimates:
mean of x mean of y
7.7 5.0


t ...
“
t Welch t

Welch t ”

http://aoki2.si.gunma-u.ac.jp/lecture/Average/bunsan1.html


Welch !


! !
― Welch ―

• http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/blog/node/2262

• http://aoki2.si.gunma-u.ac.jp/lecture/BF/index.html

• Donald W. Zimmerman, ``Some properties of preliminary tests of equality of variances
in the two-sample location problem'', The Journal of General Psychology, Vol.123, pp.
217-231 (1996)

• The unequal variance t-test is an underused alternative to Student's t-test and the
Mann-Whitney U test -- Ruxton 17 (4): 688 -- Behavioral Ecology

• : Mann-Whitney U http://qdai.way-
nifty.com/qjes/2005/02/mannwhitneyu.html


...
> t.test(like,dislike,var.equal=FALSE)

Welch Two Sample t-test

data: like and dislike
t = 3.3041, df = 16.795, p-value = 0.004249
alternative hypothesis: true difference in
means is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
0.9743014 4.4256986
sample estimates:
mean of x mean of y
7.7 5.0


t t ...

• t t ...

• Student t
t

• s^2
s t ...
• http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA
%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B4%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%83%88

• http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%BA%A6

• http://mat.isc.chubu.ac.jp/fpr/fpr1997/0119.html

• http://www.pol.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp/~hanawa/ori/ori/054.html


t


•
•

• A B

•


: “ ”
“however”

109 347 8 493

[ ] , ....
[ ] ..., , ....
[ ] ..., .


> freq <- c(109,347,8)
> chisq.test(freq,correct=FALSE)

Chi-squared test for given probabilities

data: freq
X-squared = 391.7371, df = 2, p-value < 2.2e-16

# 2
# http://homepage2.nifty.com/nandemoarchive/toukei_kiso/t_F_chi.htm


t


•3
• t

• ANOVA ANalysis Of VAriance

•F F


A B C
10 9 6
8 7 4
9 4 3
6 5 9
9 2 2
5 8 6
7 4 2
9 2 4
8 8 3
10 4 9

> test <- read.csv("demo.csv", head=T)
> anova(lm(Class ~ Score, data=test))
Analysis of Variance Table

Response: Class
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Score 1 5.2389 5.2389 9.9376 0.00384
**
Residuals 28 14.7611 0.5272
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1


•
• t
•
• !
• ...


2,940 1,785 3,780


One more thing...


22 19 R

R
R R

http://www.occn.zaq.ne.jp/cuhxr802/epi_20120126.pdf


Excel
SPSS

twitter: @sakaue

e-mail: tsakaue<AT>hiroshima-u.ac.jp


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