3. What is a smart phone?
A smart phone is one device
that can take care of all of
your handheld computing and
communication needs in a
single, small package.

4. WHAT MAKES CELL PHONE A SMART
PHONE?
• A smart phone is a combined cell phone and
portable computer with preloaded
applications and an operating system that can
run downloaded programs. A smart phone
expands on a cell phone's capabilities by
providing Internet connectivity and online
messaging capabilities along with
conventional voice communication services
main difference is that smart phone works on
principle of cloud computing.

5. Layers of Smart phones
The
hardware
• use power-efficient ARM processors
• have computer chips that provide functionality
• have high-resolution image sensors
The software
• smartphones can be visualized as a software stack
• The stack consist of these layers: kernel,
middleware, application execution environment,
user interface framework, application suite

6. The Software
• Software for smartphones can be visualized as a software stack.
The stack consists of the following layers:
• kernel - management systems for processes and drivers
for hardware
• middleware - software libraries that enable smartphone
applications (such as security, web browsing, messaging, etc.)
• application execution environment (AEE) - application
programming interfaces, which allow developers to create their
own programs
• user interface framework - the graphics and layouts seen on the
screen
• application suite - the basic applications users access regularly such
as menu screens, calendars and message inboxes

7. Operating systems
The most important software in any
smart phone is its operating system
(OS). An operating system manages
the hardware and software resources of
smart phones

9. Android
Android is a Linux-
based operating
system designed primarily
for touch screen mobile
devices such as smart phones

10. Symbian
• Symbian OS is the operating system for more
than 100 different models of phones. The
operating system consists of the kernel and
middleware components of the software stack

11. IOS
• iOS (previously iPhone OS) is a mobile operating
system developed and distributed by Apple Inc
• it has been extended to support other Apple
devices such as the iPod touch , iPad and Apple
TV (second generation).
• Unlike Microsoft's Windows
Phone and Google's Android, Apple does not
license iOS for installation on non-Apple
hardware.

12. Black berry OS
• BlackBerry OS is a proprietary mobile operating
system developed by BlackBerry Ltd
• The BlackBerry platform is perhaps best known
for its native support for corporate email,
through MIDP 1.0 and, more recently, a subset of
MIDP 2.0, which allows complete wireless
activation and synchronization with Microsoft
Exchange, Lotus Domino, or Novell
GroupWise email, calendar, tasks, notes, and
contacts, when used with BlackBerry Enterprise
Server.

13. Other OS
• Java
• Garnet OS
• Windows OS
• LiMO
• Upcoming OS ( Aliyun OS, Firefox
OS, Sailfish OS etc.. )

14. Network protocols
• Smartphones use cell-phone network technology to
send and receive data (such as phone
calls, web browsing, file transfers, etc.). Developers
classify this technology into generations. The first
generation includes analog cell phone technology.
Digital cell phones require more advanced protocols,
which constitute the second generation. Between
generation two and three, network engineers created
protocols that are more advanced than generation
two’s digital technology but not so innovative that they
are a truly new generation. Developers refer to these
protocols as generation 2.5.

15. GPRS
• WHAT IS GPRS?
General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) is a
wireless, packet-based communication service
• GPRS can send and receive data at a rate of 114
kilobytes per second
• Generation three (3G) is the latest in network
communication technology. Protocols in 3G
transmit data in terms of megabytes per second
rather than kilobytes (some as fast as 10 Mbps)

16. NAVIGATION
• One of the most important aspects of how a smartphone
works is the method in which navigation takes place. More
often than not, a smartphone makes use of a touch screen
feature in order for it to be manipulated. It is often
equipped with a stylus so that information can directly be
inputted. A smartphone is similar to a regular computer
screen except that it has a smaller version called a micro-
browser, which is specifically designed to operate on
portable devices with small screens. Users can also make
use of a keyboard that contains all the parts of a traditional
computer keyboard.

17. TECHNOLOGY
• Because a smartphone needs to connect with a service
provider, it also makes use of the digital radio technology
used by most mobile phones. The device works because
information is transformed into binary data, which is a
series of ones and zeros that are compressed for easier
transmission. A smartphone is able to handle the amount
of information it contains because it makes use of a
technology called frequency shift keying, which utilizes two
frequencies. Each frequency is dedicated completely to a
particular number in the binary series and switches from
either one or zero to send the digital signal from the phone
to the transmission tower.

18. Flexible interfaces
• The core services on smartphones all tie in to the
idea of a multi-purpose device that can
effectively multitask. A user can watch a video
clip, field a phone call, then return to the video
clip after the call, all without closing each
application. Or he or she can flip through the
digital calendar and to-do list applications
without interrupting the voice call. All of the data
stored on the phone can be synchronized with
outside applications or manipulated by third-
party phone applications in any number of ways.

19. MEMORY
• How a smartphone stores information is vital to how it
works because of the large amounts of data it has to deal
with. It is usually equipped with an internal memory and is
complemented by a flash memory. The latter is an external
device used for additional space to contain information
stored in the smartphone. A flash memory is similar to a
hard drive in a regular computer and makes use of
electronic signals to create a binary series, which is used to
represent the data stored. The electrons found in the flash
memory receive a charge of electricity to show a value of
one. If a cell sensor in the memory card detects that the
charge is below 50 percent of its capability, then value
assigned to the information is a zero.

20. POWER
• A smartphone works by getting its power from a
rechargeable battery. A battery is discharged
when the electrons move from negative to
positive locations. In a rechargeable battery,
electricity is used to transfer these electrons back
into their original places. The speed at which a
smartphone restores its power depends on how
much electrical current the charger allows to
flow.

21. THANK YOU
MADE BY:
SAKSHI BHARGAVA