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Critical Thinking and Clausewitzian Analysis
1. Critical Thinking
… something to think about …
SECTION I
Dr Matthew Stafford
Chief Academic Officer
We Produce the Future Squadron Officer College
2. The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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3. The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace 3
4. The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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5. The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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6. The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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7. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
Carl von Clausewitz
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8. Lessons from Clausewitz
Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
War Theory Leadership Insights
War is the realm of physical exertion …in war these truths are better served
and suffering. by a commander who has absorbed
their meaning in his mind rather than
…in war, all action takes place so to one who treats them as rigid external
speak in a kind of twilight which like fog rules…
or moonlight, often tends to make
things seem grotesque and larger than The commander must trust his
they really are. judgment and stand like a rock on
which the waves break in vain
Political Theory
Critical Analysis
War is not merely a political act, but
also a real political instrument, a We distinguish between the critical
continuation of political commerce, a approach and the plain narrative of a
carrying out of the same by other historical event, which merely
means. arranges facts one after another, and
at most touches on their immediate
causal links
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9. Overview
• Clausewitizian Critical Analysis
• Thinking about thinking – meta-cognition
– Levels of thinking
– Enhance efficiency and effectiveness
– Seek opportunities to practice and improve
• Comparative techniques for critical thinking
– Many different approaches
– Ultimately a single process we can employ
• Putting thinking to practice
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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10. Clausewitzian Critical Analysis
Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
1. The discovery and interpretation of equivocal facts.
This is historical research proper, and has nothing
in common with theory.
2. The tracing of effects back to their causes. This is
critical analysis proper. It is essential for theory;
for whatever in theory is to be defined, supported,
or simply described by reference to experience
can only be dealt with in this manner.
3. The investigation and evaluation of means
employed. This last is criticism proper, involving
praise and censure. Here theory serves history, or
rather the lessons to be drawn from history.
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace 10
11. Clausewitzian Critical Analysis
Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
1. The discovery and interpretation of equivocal facts.
This is historical researchinterpret factsnothing
Discover and proper, and has
in common with theory.
2. The tracing of effects back to their causes. This is
critical analysis proper. It is essential for theory;
for whatever in theory is to be defined, supported,
or simply described by reference to experience
can only be dealt with in this manner.
3. The investigation and evaluation of means
employed. This last is criticism proper, involving
praise and censure. Here theory serves history, or
rather the lessons to be drawn from history.
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace 11
12. Clausewitzian Critical Analysis
Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
1. The discovery and interpretation of equivocal facts.
This is historical researchinterpret factsnothing
Discover and proper, and has
in common with theory.
2. The tracing of effects back to their causes. This is
critical analysis proper. It is essential for theory;
for whatever ineffects back defined, supported,
Trace theory is to be to causes
or simply described by reference to experience
can only be dealt with in this manner.
3. The investigation and evaluation of means
employed. This last is criticism proper, involving
praise and censure. Here theory serves history, or
rather the lessons to be drawn from history.
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace 12
13. Clausewitzian Critical Analysis
Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
1. The discovery and interpretation of equivocal facts.
This is historical researchinterpret factsnothing
Discover and proper, and has
in common with theory.
2. The tracing of effects back to their causes. This is
critical analysis proper. It is essential for theory;
for whatever ineffects back defined, supported,
Trace theory is to be to causes
or simply described by reference to experience
can only be dealt with in this manner.
Investigate and evaluate –
3. The investigation and evaluation of means
employed. This last is criticism proper, involving
consider alternatives. serves history, or
praise and censure. Here theory
Look for
rather thebetter courses offrom history.
lessons to be drawn action.
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace 13
14. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace 14
15. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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16. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
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18. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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19. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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20. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
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21. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
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22. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
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23. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
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24. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
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25. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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26. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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27. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace 27
28. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
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29. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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30. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
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31. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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32. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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33. Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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34. Custer’s Defeat
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• Was it …
‒ Personalities?
‒ Weaponry?
‒ Sheer Numbers?
• Supports Clausewitz’s approach
‒Exhaustive analysis
‒Link causes and effects
‒Consider alternatives
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
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35. PLEASE VIEW
Section II
NEXT
We Produce the Future
36. The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
We Produce the Future…
One Student at a Time
One Faculty Member at a Time
One Idea at a Time
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36
Notes de l'éditeur
1. Battle of Jena-Auerstedt2. Murat at Jena3. Prussian wounded and stragglers leaving the double battle by Richard Knötel4. Napoleon in Berlin by Charles Meynier
1. Battle of Jena-Auerstedt2. Murat at Jena3. Prussian wounded and stragglers leaving the double battle by Richard Knötel4. Napoleon in Berlin by Charles Meynier
1. Battle of Jena-Auerstedt2. Murat at Jena3. Prussian wounded and stragglers leaving the double battle by Richard Knötel4. Napoleon in Berlin by Charles Meynier
1. Battle of Jena-Auerstedt2. Murat at Jena3. Prussian wounded and stragglers leaving the double battle by Richard Knötel4. Napoleon in Berlin by Charles Meynier
1. Battle of Jena-Auerstedt2. Murat at Jena3. Prussian wounded and stragglers leaving the double battle by Richard Knötel4. Napoleon in Berlin by Charles Meynier