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E-Mobility – Vehicle2Grid interface (Schnittstelle zwischen Fahrzeug & Infrastruktur)
5. Vector-Kongress 2010
Christoph Saalfeld
Daimler AG
Stuttgart, 01.-02.12.2010
1. Use-cases for V2G
                                                                              communication


Agenda

1. Use-cases for vehicle to grid (V2G) communication

2. Vehicle-to-grid communication standards

3. Charging infrastructure architectures for plug-in electric vehicles

4. The vehicle to grid communication interface protocol stack




C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                    Slide 2
1. Use-cases for V2G
                                                                                            communication


Household sockets cannot deliver the power needed to meet customer
expectations




         NEMA
                                                                    1,4 kW    14h           38h
         5-15


           CEE
                                                                    2,3 kW     8h           23h
           7/7

   IEC 62196-2
      Type 1                                                        7,7 kW    2,5h           7h
    (J1772TM)


   IEC 62196-2                                                      44 kW    30 min.        1,2h
      Type 2


 2010-12-02 / C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                    Slide 3
1. Use-cases for V2G
                                                                          communication



Charging times will not reach refueling times of internal combustion
engine (ICE) vehicles

 Refueling time of ICE vehicle

 • Flow rate of filling station ca. 10 gallons per minute

 • Fuel efficiency of ICE vehicle ca. 30 mpg

 • Refueling time ca. 20 seconds for 100 miles

 Power needed to refuel an EV as fast as an ICE vehicle

 • Energy consumption approx. 25 kWh for 100 miles

 • Refueling time same as ICE vehicle

 • Required charging power  5                                 MW
  2010-12-02 / C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                 Slide 4
1. Use-cases for V2G
                                                                        communication


What would be the total re-charging time of the last car in the row?




2010-12-02 / C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                 Slide 5
1. Use-cases for V2G
                                                                                                       communication


Especially in countries with low power household service connections,
load management will first become necessary within the home

                                                          Max.
                                         16A            (main fuse)
                                                                                          Fluctuating power
                                                                                             available for
                                         16A                                               vehicle charging




                                                               Power [kW]
                                         16A

                                                                            Fluctuating
                                                                            household
                                         16A
                                                                              demand


              32A                        32A

                                                                      0             Time [h]                  24


 Immediate reduction of charging power if total consumption is exceeding the
 limit of service connection
  C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                                           Slide 6
1. Use-cases for V2G
                                                                                               communication


To efficiently use renewable electricity charging strategies have to
adapt to the fluctuating supply
                      Installed renewable power generation capacity in Germany
     50.000
     45.000
     40.000
     35.000
     30.000
                                                                                            fluctuating
MW




     25.000
     20.000
     15.000
     10.000
                                                                                             continuous /
       5.000                                                                                 on demand
               0
               1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

                                       Hydro          Biowaste   Biomass   Solar   Wind       Source: BMU

C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                                         Slide 7
1. Use-cases for V2G
                                                                                   communication


Payment and billing of electricity

•Total cost for recharging low compared to refueling
  • Refueling 50…100€ in 3..5 minutes
  • Full re-charge 4…6€ over 2…8hours  Micro payments

•Public charge spots most likely not in monitored areas
       • charge spots must be protected against vandalism
       • tamper-resistant payment system required

•RFID solutions
       • many systems available which partially interfere with each other
       • RFID-card requires interaction of driver with charge spot upon charge-
         initiation and cannot handle automatic restart after power-outage

 Automatic and cost-efficient payment solution required

C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                         Slide 8
1. Use-cases for V2G
                                                                    communication


Remote vehicle status information and control will be essential for
customer acceptance of battery and grid optimized charging


  Status information
  •Current state of charge
  •Predicted end of charge
  •Charge interruption warning
  •Vehicle position
  •…

  Set parameters
  •End of charge target
  •Required range
  •Cabin preconditioning
  •…

 C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                         Slide 9
1. Use-cases for V2G
                                                                                                                               communication


                Summary – Use-cases for V2G communication

                           Simple                        Automatic payment from PEV
                         payment &                       Access to all charging stations with one contract (Roaming)
                           billing                       Secure payment via state-of-the art signatures & certificates
SmartCharging System




                                                         Cost-optimized (e.g. night tariff) and battery-optimized (SoC,
                        Optimized                         charging power, temperature) charging
                          load                           Support of renewable energy in the grid for emission-free driving
                       management
                                                         Fleet-management for areas with high density of PEVs


                         Additional                      PEV status information (current SoC, remaining charge time..)
                            PEV-                         Remote control of charging (e.g. departure time)
                         customer                        Access to internet-based services (e.g. diagnostics, software
                          services                        updates, etc.)


                                                         Authentication of certified off-board charging equipment
                       DC-Charging                       Charge-control via voltage and amperage control commands
                         Control
                                                         Re-usage of communication technology for AC & DC-charging


                2010-12-02 / C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                                        Slide 10
2. V2G communication
                                                                                                                standards


   Communication between the vehicle and the infrastructure will
   be needed for safety, load management and billing




                 Grid                                      Charge spot                      Vehicle
                                                                                   Cable safety test successfully
                                                                              1
                                                                                   completed, please lock my charge cord
                                             I can deliver up to 22kW         2

                                                                      3            Here’s my ID, I am an authenticated
                                                                                   PEV and I would like to charge
                                         Valid ID, please go ahead,       4
                                           power will be activated
                                                                                   I need 12kWh to fully recharge
Here are the power levels &                             5
                                                                                   until 9am next morning
prices over time for your needs +
special rate for wind-power of up                       6
to 10kW between 3am to 6am for                                                     O.K I adjust my plans and will
                                                        7
3cents/kWh                                                                         charge from 3am to 5am at 6kW
                                So far I delivered 5kWh                       8
                                to you, please confirm
                                                                      9            I confirm to have received ca. 5kWh
                                                                                   I want to leave, please unlock the
                                                                              10
                                                                                   charge cord
  C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                                                   Slide 11
2. V2G communication
                                                                                                             standards


All relevant areas are covered in Europe through ISO/IEC standards

 Connector                                IEC 62196-2     • Plugs & socket outlets
                                                          • vehicle-couplers and vehicle inlets

 Communication                            ISO/IEC 15118   • Road vehicles - Communication protocol between
                                                            electric vehicle & grid
                                                          • Part 1: General information & use-case definitions
                                                          • Part 2: Technical protocol description and Open
                                                            Systems Interconnections (OSI) layer requirements
                                                          • Part 3: Wired physical and data link layer
                                                            requirements
 Safety                                   IEC 61851       • Electric vehicle conductive charging system
                                                          • Part 1: General requirements
                                                          • Part 21: Electric vehicle requirements for conductive
                                                            connection to an AC/DC supply
                                                          • Part 22: AC electric vehicle charging station



C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                                             Slide 12
2. V2G communication
                                                                                                             standards


Combo-Connector for both AC- & DC-Charging without separate
pins for communication
                                                        AC                              DC
                                              1-phase           3-phase         low              mid

                                              Type 1                           Type 1        Type 1 Combo

                      USA/
                                                             (Infrastructure
                      Japan
                                                              not available)



                                              Type 2             Type 2        Type 2        Type 2 Combo

                   Europe/
                    China




                      Communication over Mains (AC) or Un-used mains (DC) or
                     “in-band” on Control Pilot (AC or DC) or Plus and Minus (DC)

C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                                             Slide 13
2. V2G communication
                                                                                                                standards


ISO/IEC 15118: Road vehicles — Communication protocol between
electric vehicle & grid - document structure
        Layer
                                    ISO / IEC 15118 Vehicle to grid
                                         communication interface                ISO / IEC 15118 Vehicle to grid
7 Application
                                   Part 1: General information and use-             communication interface
                                               case definition
6 Presentation
                                                                                    Part 2: Technical protocol
                                Similar to                       Similar to        description and Open Systems
5 Session                      SAE J2836                        SAE J2847           Interconnections (OSI) layer
                            set of documents                 set of documents               requirements
4 Transport                                               Similar to
                                                        SAE J2931-1
3 Network                                             set of documents

                                                                                ISO / IEC 15118 Vehicle to grid
2 Data Link                                               Similar to                 communication interface
                                                       SAE J2931-2/3            Part 3: Wired physical and data link
1 Physical                                            set of documents                   layer requirements

C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                                                    Slide 14
2. V2G communication
                                                                                                                                                                standards


ISO/IEC 15118 document set creation plan
    ISO/IEC                                      2010                   2011                  2012
    documents                              5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7




                                                                                              Preparation time
                                                      1st CD




                                                                       2nd CD ballot
    ISO 15118-1
                                                      ballot




                                                                                                                                                   FDIS
    General information &                                                                                        DIS ballot
                                                       (IEC
    use-case definition
                                                      delay)




                                                                                                                   Preparation time
                                                                                       CD ballot
    ISO 15118-2




                                                                                                                                                            FDIS
    Protocol definition &                                                                                                             DIS ballot
    OSI-layer requirements                                     First Draft
                                                               available




                                                                                                                   Preparation time
    ISO 15118-3                                                                        CD ballot
    Wired physical &




                                                                                                                                                            FDIS
                                                                                                                                      DIS ballot
    data link layer                                            First Draft
    requirements                                               available


                                                               Today                                                                                         IS published
                                                                                                                                                             01.06.2012
C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                                                                                                   Slide 15
3. Charging infrastructure
                                                          architectures for PEVs


Architecture 1: Intelligent EVSE

•Option1: EVSE with only
 one charge outlet
 (e.g. in private garage)




•Option 2: EVSE with
 multiple charging outlets
 (e.g. curb-side public
 charging station)




C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                      Slide 16
3. Charging infrastructure
                                                              architectures for PEVs


Architecture 2: Local non-intelligent EVSEs with detached
intelligent control unit (e.g. fleet management or parking garage)




C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                          Slide 17
4. V2G communication
                                                                                                                     interface protocol stack


Layered architecture of V2G communication protocol stack
                      Layer 7 – Application           Smart Charge Protocol                               DHCP (IETF RFC 3315
                                                      (Application Layer + Session Layer)                 Dynamic Host
                                                                                                          Configuration Protocol)

                      Layer 6 – Presentation          JSON     XML     EXI – Efficient
                                                                       XML interchange

                      Layer 5 – Session               HTTP (IETF RFC 2068, Hypertext
                                                      Transfer Protocol)


                      Layer 4 – Transport             TLS (IETF RFC 5246 Transport             UDP (IETF RFC 768 User
                                                      Layer Security 1.0)                      Datagram Protocol)

                                                      TCP (IETF RFC 793
                                                      Transmission Control Protocol)


                      Layer 3 – Network               IPv6 (IETF RFC 2460 Internet Protocol)


                      Layer 2 – Data Link

                                                      IEEE1901                                 ITU-T
                                                      HomePlug                                 9955
                      Layer 1 – Physical              GreenPHY                                 Annex G3


C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                                                                   Slide 18
4. V2G communication
          1Gbps                                                                                                                         interface protocol stack


                          PLC – Technologies:                                                           ITU G.hn Profiles
                          Frequency & Speeds
                                                                                         HP AV2

                                  Considered for                                         IEE 1901
                               ISO/IEC 15118-3 and                                        HD-PLC
            200 Mbps




                                    SAEJ2931
                                                                                           HP AV




                                                                                                                      compatible
         Speed




                                                                                                                        Subset
                                                                                     HP 1.0 (TIA-1113)
256 Kbps




                                                                                       HP GreenPHY
                                                                 As Annex




                               ITU-T G.hnem (9955)
                            Maxim G3            Prime
          10 Kbps




                               Ariane Controls FSK                                      Analyzed by SAEJ2931
                                                                                        for “in-band signaling”


                                            LonWorks
                                             FSK
                                                                                                                                                     Frequency
                       95kHz        Low Band            450kHz              1.7MHz         Upper Band         30MHz                                        100 MHz
                                  CENELEC-bands /
                                     FCC-band                                                                Source: based on analysis from Rich Scholer (Ford Motor Company)
          C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                                                                                    Slide 19
4. V2G communication
                                                                                                            interface protocol stack


Comparison of PLC-technologies

                                                      HomePlug GreenPHY                      ITU-T9955+Annex G3
                                                      High & scalable                        Low (40..200kbit/s usable
Bandwidth                                  ++                                           -
                                                      (1MBit…10Bit/s usable)                  slower than CAN)
                                                                                             Narrow, may be impaired by DC-
Frequency & EMC                             +         Broad, very stable                -
                                                                                             charging
                                                      Currently not allowed in JP,           Allowed, frequency-band may
Countries                                   --                                          +
                                                      de-regulation ongoing                  change per country
                                                      Point-to-point public/private +
                                                                                             Always point-to-point wall-box
Charging setups                             +         economic fleet/parking            -
                                                                                             required
                                                      garage charging
                                                      Migration technology
                                                      available, Chip being                  Standard not finished, Chip to be
Availability                                -                                           --
                                                      developed & qualified with             developed & qualified
                                                      German OEMs
                        Open for home-network
Future proof / other                                                                         Further use-cases limited
                     ++ integration & SmartGrid                                         +
use-cases                                                                                    no integration into SmartGrid
                        compatible
C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                                                           Slide 20
4. V2G communication
                                                                                         interface protocol stack


Summary – V2G Communication protocol stack

• Standards are necessary to…
           • Enable interoperability of all PEVs with all types of PEV charging equipment in public or
             private areas
           • Enable systems for automatic load leveling and renewable energy flow control
           • Provide methods for automatic electricity payment and billing systems
           • Pave the way for additional internet-based services for PEVs

 IT-network technologies are introduced into PEV embedded components in
  order to support the charging use-cases
 A standardized protocol stack implementing the V2G protocol is highly
  recommended to increase interoperability of PEVs and charging
  infrastructure
 Standardized tests will be required to ensure V2G protocol compliance of
  PEVs and charging infrastructure
 Daimler substantially contributes to the new ISO/IEC communication
  standard for PEVs based on their implementation from "e-mobility Berlin"

C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                                                       Slide 21
Thank you for your

                                                          attention!




C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging                        Slide 22

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Autosar 5 saalfeld_lecture

  • 1. E-Mobility – Vehicle2Grid interface (Schnittstelle zwischen Fahrzeug & Infrastruktur) 5. Vector-Kongress 2010 Christoph Saalfeld Daimler AG Stuttgart, 01.-02.12.2010
  • 2. 1. Use-cases for V2G communication Agenda 1. Use-cases for vehicle to grid (V2G) communication 2. Vehicle-to-grid communication standards 3. Charging infrastructure architectures for plug-in electric vehicles 4. The vehicle to grid communication interface protocol stack C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 2
  • 3. 1. Use-cases for V2G communication Household sockets cannot deliver the power needed to meet customer expectations NEMA 1,4 kW 14h 38h 5-15 CEE 2,3 kW 8h 23h 7/7 IEC 62196-2 Type 1 7,7 kW 2,5h 7h (J1772TM) IEC 62196-2 44 kW 30 min. 1,2h Type 2 2010-12-02 / C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 3
  • 4. 1. Use-cases for V2G communication Charging times will not reach refueling times of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles Refueling time of ICE vehicle • Flow rate of filling station ca. 10 gallons per minute • Fuel efficiency of ICE vehicle ca. 30 mpg • Refueling time ca. 20 seconds for 100 miles Power needed to refuel an EV as fast as an ICE vehicle • Energy consumption approx. 25 kWh for 100 miles • Refueling time same as ICE vehicle • Required charging power  5 MW 2010-12-02 / C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 4
  • 5. 1. Use-cases for V2G communication What would be the total re-charging time of the last car in the row? 2010-12-02 / C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 5
  • 6. 1. Use-cases for V2G communication Especially in countries with low power household service connections, load management will first become necessary within the home Max. 16A (main fuse) Fluctuating power available for 16A vehicle charging Power [kW] 16A Fluctuating household 16A demand 32A 32A 0 Time [h] 24 Immediate reduction of charging power if total consumption is exceeding the limit of service connection C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 6
  • 7. 1. Use-cases for V2G communication To efficiently use renewable electricity charging strategies have to adapt to the fluctuating supply Installed renewable power generation capacity in Germany 50.000 45.000 40.000 35.000 30.000 fluctuating MW 25.000 20.000 15.000 10.000 continuous / 5.000 on demand 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Hydro Biowaste Biomass Solar Wind Source: BMU C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 7
  • 8. 1. Use-cases for V2G communication Payment and billing of electricity •Total cost for recharging low compared to refueling • Refueling 50…100€ in 3..5 minutes • Full re-charge 4…6€ over 2…8hours  Micro payments •Public charge spots most likely not in monitored areas • charge spots must be protected against vandalism • tamper-resistant payment system required •RFID solutions • many systems available which partially interfere with each other • RFID-card requires interaction of driver with charge spot upon charge- initiation and cannot handle automatic restart after power-outage  Automatic and cost-efficient payment solution required C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 8
  • 9. 1. Use-cases for V2G communication Remote vehicle status information and control will be essential for customer acceptance of battery and grid optimized charging Status information •Current state of charge •Predicted end of charge •Charge interruption warning •Vehicle position •… Set parameters •End of charge target •Required range •Cabin preconditioning •… C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 9
  • 10. 1. Use-cases for V2G communication Summary – Use-cases for V2G communication Simple  Automatic payment from PEV payment &  Access to all charging stations with one contract (Roaming) billing  Secure payment via state-of-the art signatures & certificates SmartCharging System  Cost-optimized (e.g. night tariff) and battery-optimized (SoC, Optimized charging power, temperature) charging load  Support of renewable energy in the grid for emission-free driving management  Fleet-management for areas with high density of PEVs Additional  PEV status information (current SoC, remaining charge time..) PEV-  Remote control of charging (e.g. departure time) customer  Access to internet-based services (e.g. diagnostics, software services updates, etc.)  Authentication of certified off-board charging equipment DC-Charging  Charge-control via voltage and amperage control commands Control  Re-usage of communication technology for AC & DC-charging 2010-12-02 / C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 10
  • 11. 2. V2G communication standards Communication between the vehicle and the infrastructure will be needed for safety, load management and billing Grid Charge spot Vehicle Cable safety test successfully 1 completed, please lock my charge cord I can deliver up to 22kW 2 3 Here’s my ID, I am an authenticated PEV and I would like to charge Valid ID, please go ahead, 4 power will be activated I need 12kWh to fully recharge Here are the power levels & 5 until 9am next morning prices over time for your needs + special rate for wind-power of up 6 to 10kW between 3am to 6am for O.K I adjust my plans and will 7 3cents/kWh charge from 3am to 5am at 6kW So far I delivered 5kWh 8 to you, please confirm 9 I confirm to have received ca. 5kWh I want to leave, please unlock the 10 charge cord C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 11
  • 12. 2. V2G communication standards All relevant areas are covered in Europe through ISO/IEC standards Connector IEC 62196-2 • Plugs & socket outlets • vehicle-couplers and vehicle inlets Communication ISO/IEC 15118 • Road vehicles - Communication protocol between electric vehicle & grid • Part 1: General information & use-case definitions • Part 2: Technical protocol description and Open Systems Interconnections (OSI) layer requirements • Part 3: Wired physical and data link layer requirements Safety IEC 61851 • Electric vehicle conductive charging system • Part 1: General requirements • Part 21: Electric vehicle requirements for conductive connection to an AC/DC supply • Part 22: AC electric vehicle charging station C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 12
  • 13. 2. V2G communication standards Combo-Connector for both AC- & DC-Charging without separate pins for communication AC DC 1-phase 3-phase low mid Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Combo USA/ (Infrastructure Japan not available) Type 2 Type 2 Type 2 Type 2 Combo Europe/ China  Communication over Mains (AC) or Un-used mains (DC) or “in-band” on Control Pilot (AC or DC) or Plus and Minus (DC) C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 13
  • 14. 2. V2G communication standards ISO/IEC 15118: Road vehicles — Communication protocol between electric vehicle & grid - document structure Layer ISO / IEC 15118 Vehicle to grid communication interface ISO / IEC 15118 Vehicle to grid 7 Application Part 1: General information and use- communication interface case definition 6 Presentation Part 2: Technical protocol Similar to Similar to description and Open Systems 5 Session SAE J2836 SAE J2847 Interconnections (OSI) layer set of documents set of documents requirements 4 Transport Similar to SAE J2931-1 3 Network set of documents ISO / IEC 15118 Vehicle to grid 2 Data Link Similar to communication interface SAE J2931-2/3 Part 3: Wired physical and data link 1 Physical set of documents layer requirements C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 14
  • 15. 2. V2G communication standards ISO/IEC 15118 document set creation plan ISO/IEC 2010 2011 2012 documents 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Preparation time 1st CD 2nd CD ballot ISO 15118-1 ballot FDIS General information & DIS ballot (IEC use-case definition delay) Preparation time CD ballot ISO 15118-2 FDIS Protocol definition & DIS ballot OSI-layer requirements First Draft available Preparation time ISO 15118-3 CD ballot Wired physical & FDIS DIS ballot data link layer First Draft requirements available Today IS published 01.06.2012 C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 15
  • 16. 3. Charging infrastructure architectures for PEVs Architecture 1: Intelligent EVSE •Option1: EVSE with only one charge outlet (e.g. in private garage) •Option 2: EVSE with multiple charging outlets (e.g. curb-side public charging station) C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 16
  • 17. 3. Charging infrastructure architectures for PEVs Architecture 2: Local non-intelligent EVSEs with detached intelligent control unit (e.g. fleet management or parking garage) C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 17
  • 18. 4. V2G communication interface protocol stack Layered architecture of V2G communication protocol stack Layer 7 – Application Smart Charge Protocol DHCP (IETF RFC 3315 (Application Layer + Session Layer) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Layer 6 – Presentation JSON XML EXI – Efficient XML interchange Layer 5 – Session HTTP (IETF RFC 2068, Hypertext Transfer Protocol) Layer 4 – Transport TLS (IETF RFC 5246 Transport UDP (IETF RFC 768 User Layer Security 1.0) Datagram Protocol) TCP (IETF RFC 793 Transmission Control Protocol) Layer 3 – Network IPv6 (IETF RFC 2460 Internet Protocol) Layer 2 – Data Link IEEE1901 ITU-T HomePlug 9955 Layer 1 – Physical GreenPHY Annex G3 C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 18
  • 19. 4. V2G communication 1Gbps interface protocol stack PLC – Technologies: ITU G.hn Profiles Frequency & Speeds HP AV2 Considered for IEE 1901 ISO/IEC 15118-3 and HD-PLC 200 Mbps SAEJ2931 HP AV compatible Speed Subset HP 1.0 (TIA-1113) 256 Kbps HP GreenPHY As Annex ITU-T G.hnem (9955) Maxim G3 Prime 10 Kbps Ariane Controls FSK Analyzed by SAEJ2931 for “in-band signaling” LonWorks FSK Frequency 95kHz Low Band 450kHz 1.7MHz Upper Band 30MHz 100 MHz CENELEC-bands / FCC-band Source: based on analysis from Rich Scholer (Ford Motor Company) C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 19
  • 20. 4. V2G communication interface protocol stack Comparison of PLC-technologies HomePlug GreenPHY ITU-T9955+Annex G3 High & scalable Low (40..200kbit/s usable Bandwidth ++ - (1MBit…10Bit/s usable)  slower than CAN) Narrow, may be impaired by DC- Frequency & EMC + Broad, very stable - charging Currently not allowed in JP, Allowed, frequency-band may Countries -- + de-regulation ongoing change per country Point-to-point public/private + Always point-to-point wall-box Charging setups + economic fleet/parking - required garage charging Migration technology available, Chip being Standard not finished, Chip to be Availability - -- developed & qualified with developed & qualified German OEMs Open for home-network Future proof / other Further use-cases limited ++ integration & SmartGrid + use-cases no integration into SmartGrid compatible C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 20
  • 21. 4. V2G communication interface protocol stack Summary – V2G Communication protocol stack • Standards are necessary to… • Enable interoperability of all PEVs with all types of PEV charging equipment in public or private areas • Enable systems for automatic load leveling and renewable energy flow control • Provide methods for automatic electricity payment and billing systems • Pave the way for additional internet-based services for PEVs  IT-network technologies are introduced into PEV embedded components in order to support the charging use-cases  A standardized protocol stack implementing the V2G protocol is highly recommended to increase interoperability of PEVs and charging infrastructure  Standardized tests will be required to ensure V2G protocol compliance of PEVs and charging infrastructure  Daimler substantially contributes to the new ISO/IEC communication standard for PEVs based on their implementation from "e-mobility Berlin" C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 21
  • 22. Thank you for your attention! C. Saalfeld, AE Vehicle Diagnostics & SmartCharging Slide 22