Japan and the pacific Rim Presentation on the country Japan from the textbook Japan and the pacific rim relevant for students of bba christ university

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2. Japan
Historical
Map

3. HISTORY OF JAPAN
 Periods of Japanese History
 Early Japan until 710
 Nara and Heian Periods 710-1192
 Kamakura Period 1192-1333
 Muromachi Period 1338-1573
 Azuchi-Momoyama Period 1573-1603
 Edo Period 1603-1868
 Meiji Period 1868-1912
 Taisho and Early Showa Period 1912-1945
 Postwar Period since 1945

4. According to mythology, Japan's first Emperor Jimmu, a descendant of
the SunGoddess Amaterasu, was enthronedin the year 660 BC. While the
myths are not consideredhistorically accurate, it is a commonly acceptedfact
that emperors have reignedover Japanfor more than1500 years, and that they
have all descendedfromthe same imperial family.

5. Despite the fact that the effective power of the emperors was limited or purely
symbolic throughout mostof Japan's history, all actual rulers, from
the Fujiwara and Hojoregents to
the Minamoto, Ashikaga andTokugawashogunsrespected the emperor and
were keenin having the imperial legitimization for their positionas rulersof
Japan.

6. Ninja (忍者) were a type of warrior who specialized in unconventional
warfare such as infiltration, sabotage and assassination during the age
of the samurai. Another way of calling them is "shinobi", meaning "those
who act in stealth". Ninja employed deception and forgery tactics to take
opponents out by surprise. Due to their unorthodox methods which
contradicted the way of the warrior (bushido), the ninja were not
credited with the same honor as the samurai.

7.  The diverse range of skills practiced by the ninja is called ninjutsu - the
art of stealth - and includes training in armed combat, weapon
techniques, military strategy, meteorology, geometry and breathing
synthesis. Ninjutsu was passed down through generations within
families or directly from teacher to a selected one or few disciples. This
secrecy in part explains why little factual information exists about the
ninja, giving rise to lots of stereotyping of them both within Japan and in
the West.

9. Self Defense Force
The postwar constitution prohibits Japan to maintain military forces
and to lead war for settling international disputes.Despite the anti-war
clause, the National Police Reserve was established in 1950 during
the occupation of Japan by the Allied powers (1945-1952) as a
replacement for American troops, sent into the Korean War. The
National Police Reserve was transformed into the Self Defense Force
(SDF) by the Japanese government in 1954.

10. The Self Defense Force is divided into three branches:
 Ground Self Defense Force
 Maritime Self Defense Force
 Air Self Defense Force
The Self Defense Force's purpose is to preserve peace, public order and
Japan's independence and safety. About 6% of the national budget is spent
on national defense (2005). Military service is voluntary. The force has about
250,000 members. Supreme commander is the Prime Minister.

11. Edo Period
In the late 18th century, when Edo was the largest and busiest city in the
entire world. There were about 1 million people living in the city itself --
that's more than twice as big as Paris or London, which were the two
biggest cities in Europe during the 18th century.

12. The Shogun-- the military leader who rules Japan – does/did his best to
ensure that free travel is maintained throughout the country. However,
although even the poorest peasant is allowed to travel about the country
freely, all of the main roads in and out of Edo are guarded by seki(barriers),
where guards stop all travelers to search for troublemakers and check
everyone for weapons

13. The only people who are allowed to enter Edo with weapons are samurai and
a few others who have special permission to own a sword. The
word "samurai"literally means "warrior", but since there hasn’t been any war
in Japan for hundreds of years, the meaning of the word has changed a lot.
The samurai are members of the ruling class. In Japan, the society has a
strong division into different classes. The ruling class are the samurai. Most
people from the samurai class work as government officials, guards,
policemen or local authorities, and they serve either the Shogunor one of the
local daimyo.

14. The second class are the farmers, who make up most of the population. The
third class are artisans and craftsmen, who make various types of
manufactured goods. The lowest class are the merchants and shopkeepers.
Although merchants are viewed as the lowest of the four classes, many of
them have managed to earn a great deal of money from their trade, and this
gives them a certain amount of financial power which offsets their "low class"
status.

15. In distant provinces, the daimyo(local rulers) have quite a bit of
independence. They have to obey the Shogunwhen it comes to important
policies, but they have a lot of freedom and control in their local areas.
However, once they enter the Kanto region, they are under the firm control
of the Shogun.

16. In the end of the 18th century, external pressure started to be an
increasingly important issue, when the Russians first tried to establish
trade contacts with Japan without success. They were followed by other
European nations and the Americans in the 19th century.

17. In 1867/68, the Tokugawa era found an end in the Meiji Restoration.
The emperor Meiji was moved from Kyoto to Tokyo which became the new
capital; his imperial power was restored. The actual political power was
transferred from the Tokugawa Bakufu into the hands of a small group of
nobles and former samurai. Like other subjugated Asian nations, the
Japanese were forced to sign unequal treaties with Western powers

18. These treaties granted the Westerners one-sided economical and legal
advantages in Japan. In order to regain independence from the Europeans
and Americans and establish herself as a respected nation in the world, Meiji
Japan was determined to close the gap to the Western powers economically
and militarily. Drastic reforms were carried out in practically all areas.

19. Climate and Environment
 Over 3000 islands surrounding Japan Many are volcanic.
 Over 150 dormant volcanoes.
 73% of Japan is mountain covered.
 Japans territory is 1,46,000 sq miles with a small percentage of it being
water.
 Lies on the temperate zone with four distinct seasons summer, winter,
autumn and spring.
 High in humidity and rain.
 Specialized and endemic bio diversity with 130 species of mammals, 600
species of birds, 73 species of reptiles, 3000 species of fish, 300 species of
insects and 6000 species of plants.

20. Natural Resources
 Fishing-Japan accounts for 15% of the global catch..
 Forestry -about 65% of the land area is used for forestry. However, the
country uses as much as it produces, with high demand for wood and
wood products.
 Mineral resources – since September 2012 about 6.8 million tonnes of
rare mineral such as dysprosium have been discovered in some of Japans
Eastern Islands.

21. Japan - Military History
 Meiji Period1867 – Modernization of Armed Forces
 1894-1895– Sino Japanese War
 1895– Invasion of Taiwan
 1904 -1905– Russo Japanese War
 1914– Taisho Period and World War 1
 Showa Period – World War 2

22. Post World War
1945-1952 U.S occupation to oversee the post-war development.
1945 End of the Imperial Japanese Army
Formation of Japanese Self Defense Force.
Formation of the Jieitai is one of the most technologically advanced armed
forces which have aided in a number of non-combat missions.

23. Political System

24. History of Japanese Politics
1945
Reconstruction of Japan
1930
Crisis in constitutional policies and Rise of Military Power
1900
Taisho Democracy
1890
Establishment of the Imperial Diet
1889
Evolution of Meiji State
1853
Formation of a Constitutional State

25. Current Political System
 Constitutional Monarchy and Multi party system.
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 Blend of modern democratic forms with traditional elitist ties.
 Developed into a ruling oligarchy – patriotism, loyalty, development of Japanese
industry and population control
 Two main parties Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and Opposition Democratic
party of Japan (DJP).
 LDP had dominated since 1955.

27. History Of Japan’s Economy
 16th Century (16th Century)
 Sophisticated Society with Industrial Technology
 Craftsmanship and Metalsmithing
 Reluctant to open Sea Trade
 Edo Period (1603-1868)
 Interaction with European Powers
 Merchant and banking facilities flourished
 Advancement in Science
 Prewar Period (1869-1945)
 Establishment of Meiji Government
 Western Education
 Industrialization

28. Modern Japanese Economy
1945
•Post War
Economy
1950
•Growth of
Manufacturing
Sector
1989
•Japanese Bubble
1990
•The lost Decade
2000-present
•Continuing
Uncertainty

29. GDP of Japan

30. Labor Force

31. Industries In Japan
1. Agriculture
 1.4% of country’s GDP
 Second Largest agricultural importer in the world
2. Fishery
 Largest fishing fleets accounts for 15% of global catch.
3. Manufacturing
 Manufacturing Industries account 24% of GDP
 High technological development in many fields.
4. Automobile
5. Miningand PetroleumExploration
6. Services
 Accounts for about three-quarters of its total economic output. Banking, insurance, real estate,
retailing, transportation, and telecommunications
7. Tourism
 Over 8.3 million tourist per year

32. Japan and Technology
 Consumer electronics
 Robotics
 Automotive industry
 3rd largest vehicle Manufacturer
 Japanese automotive industry is one of the most prominent and largest
industries in the world
 Nuclear Power
 Japan became the third largest nuclear power user in the world with
55 nuclear reactors. These provide 34.5% of Japan's electricity

33. The Japanese educational system was reformed after World War II. The
old 6-5-3-3 system was changed to a 6-3-3-4 system (6 years of
elementary school, 3 years of junior high school, 3 years of senior high
school and 4 years of University) with reference to the American system.
Japan has one of the world's best-educated populations, with 100%
enrollment in compulsory grades and zero illiteracy.

34. Traditionally, the Japanese place great importance on the concept of wa,
or group harmony. The value of the common greater good is more
important than valuing one's own needs. This principle is applied in
schools, as well as social groups and, later in life, the workplace.

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36. Society and Culture Post-World War
 Government stress of population control.
 1950 legalization of birth control and abortion.
 Education expanded – merit based university enrolments
 Traditional cultural returns
 Western culture adopted –Baseball, dress, music, games shows, soap operas,
Game shows etc.
 Male authority remained Show dominant.

37. Japanese culture, particularly traditional Japanese culture has many
roots in traditional Chinese culture, however Japanese culture, even
historically differed from Chinese culture and due to the separation of
the two land masses, plus the enforced periods of isolation from the
outside world, further extended the differences between the two
cultures.

38. JAPANESE CULTURE - OCCUPATIONS
Geisha are famous female
traditional entertainers, who
sing, dance, play traditional
Japanese musical instruments
and engage their clients with
interesting conversation. Today
there are still some
active Geisha in places such
as Kyoto and Kanazawa.
Samurai were a traditio-
nal warrior class in pre-
industrial Japan, who were
easily recognized as they were
the only men allowed to carry
two swords. Samurai were
committed to a single daimyo
(normally a wealthy leader).

39. JAPANESE CULTURE - FASHION
Japanese fashion isn't just a set
of modern fashion trends and
sub cultures. Japanese
fashion includes many
traditional forms of clothing
including the kimono and its
associated accessories.
The Kimono is the most famous
form of traditional Japanese
clothing for women.
The Kimono is actually a style
with many different forms; from
the casual to the wedding style,
all which have a particular
meaning and are wore to
different events
or occasions.

40. JAPANESE CULTURE- MUSIC
Japanese Music is a major part
of Japanese culture which spans
from the traditional Japanese
music and instruments to
modern Japanese music
including J-POP and Japanese
Rock Music.
The Koto is one of the most
refined and sophisticated of the
traditional Japanese musical
instruments. To the western ear
the Koto would sound similar to
a harp. What is equally amazing
about the Koto, is seeing it
carried by petite Japanese
woman.

41. JAPANESE CULTURE - FESTIVALS
Bon-Odori Festival is a
traditional Japanese summer
festival featuring Japanese drum
music, dancing and special
summer food.
Shichi-Go-San Festival is a
traditional Japanese festival
where parents celebrate on the
fifteenth of November their
children growing up as they
turn three, five and seven years
of age.

42. Japanese New Year is celebrated
at same time of the year as
western countries, but is
celebrated in a distinctive
style. Japanese New Year is an
important family time of the
year and there are many
traditions involved.
Christmas in Japan for most
Japanese is a variation on the
more commercial style
Christmas seen in many western
countries. However, there are
some Christian Japanese who
follow a very old style of
celebration.

43. JAPANESE CULTURE - ARCHITECTURE
Japanese Castleswere the key to
structure and life of many
Japanese cities. This extensive
section provides information on
over 110 Japanese Castles,
including condition, style,
history, location and pictures.
Japanese Temples are Buddhist
temples found throughout
Japan, which date back over one
thousand years. There are
several Japanese Temples which
are World Heritage Sites. This
extensive section provides
information on almost two
hundred Japanese Temples
throughout Japan including
their style, history, location and
pictures.

44. JAPANESE CULTURE - CEREMONIES
The Japanese Tea Ceremony is a
highly developed art form, with
several different schools or styles
of Japanese Tea Ceremony in
existence. The Japanese Tea
Ceremony is a very formal event
in which many exacting steps
are followed.
Traditional Japanese
weddings ceremonies are
normally based on the Japanese
Shinto religion ceremony.
Traditional Japanese
weddings are major occasion
with the wearing of traditional
Japanese clothing including the
bride in the wedding kimono.

45. Religion
 Shinto and Buddhism are Japan's two major religions.
 Shinto is as old as the Japanese culture, while Buddhism was imported
from the mainland in the 6th century.T
 he two religions have been co-existing relatively harmoniously and have
even complemented each other to a certain degree.
 Japanese consider themselves Buddhist, Shintoist or both.

46.  Religion does not play a big role in the everyday life of most Japanese
people today. The average person typically follows the religious rituals at
ceremonies like birth, weddings and funerals, may visit
a shrine or temple on New Year and participates at local festivals
(matsuri), most of which have a religious background.

47. Language
 Japanese is believed to be linked to the Altaic language family, which
includes Turkish, Mongolian and other languages, but also shows
similarities to Austronesian languages like Polynesian.
 Writing:
The Japanese writing system consists of three different character
sets: Kanji (several thousands of Chinese characters)
and Hiragana and Katakana

48.  Pronunciation:
In comparison with other languages, Japanese knows relatively few
sounds, and pronunciation poses little problems to most learners.

49. THANK YOU
By Group 1
Samuel Pongen
Cynthia James
Christ University