MM Bagali, Research, PhD, Literature

1. mm bagali
Jain University
Research is to see what everybody else has seen,
and to think what nobody else has thought

2. How many visited library before Planning to do research

3. How many saw literature / article /papers /report before
commencement

4. How many visited company / organization before
finalizing to do research

5. How many met professors (to be your guide) before
finalizing to do research

6. Preparation for Research work
with 100%
with 75%
with 50%
with 10%
with nothing at all

7. Why all this
Can do or cant do
Can do good work or cant do good work
Can do a new work or cant do a new work
Can really do a research work

8. Crafting Literature Review
If we knew what it was we were doing,
it would not be called research, would it

9. agenda
Why Literature Review
How to do it
When to do
ICSSR

10. Philosophy
Literature review should reach some conclusion on
current state of knowledge and suggest next step in
investigation of the problem or question of interest

11. Further Research section
What's the relevance

12. Why??
Identify extent and quality of work already carried out
Avoid duplication
Conceptually organized synthesis of results
Who all are working / network

13. Why??
Organized examination and presentation of the writings
Research question and methodology can be better
understood
Breadth and diversity of literature that relates to the
research question
Literature review is a context within which you locate
your own work in relation to other researchers

14. Piece of work
Every piece is required, but not essential always

15. Utility of LS
• Questionnaire
• Comparison
• Analysis (discussion)
• Result analysis
• Network
• Justification

16. Self Questions
• Deciding what to refer
• Referring to others’ work
• How it is connected
• what this work is all about
• Is it relevant
• Is it valid
• Is it appropriate
• Is it standard
• Is it worth

17. Two ways
• Read other work, than construct your map
• Have a map, and than see others work

18. Importance of Literature Search
• Can I have focus / direction
• Are my objectives relevant
• Is my Research Question apt
• Are my hypothesis ok
• Can I prove from my work
• Can I conclude
• Generate New knowledge
• Can I have a Research degree

19. Types of literature
Preprints Conference proceedings
Informally published reports (“grey literature”)
Journal articles
Reviews Books
Edited collections Books
Monographs/surveys/

20. • Theses Reports
• Official publications
• Research reports/ papers
• Working papers
• Theme papers

21. Broad areas
Search
Research PhD/ M.Phil
Books
papers Post Doctoral

22. Avoid
– News papers
– Draft proposals
– Discussions
– Debate
– Popular Opinions

23. Online Search
EBSCO
NASSDOC
University News

24. Micro Purpose of a literature review

25. 1. Helps map and define your research topic
2. Presents a balanced view
3. Justifies your research question
4. Provides literature for you to compare

26. 1. Helps map and define research topic
highlights scope & boundaries
shows where the study fits into broad picture
shares proposed study
provides evidence that your topic is building onto an established body
of knowledge

27. 2. Presents a balanced view
arrange your notes in a logical order
identify the major themes
look for relationships
try to avoid long lists of sub-topics

28. 3. Justifies your research question
Justifies and makes a case for your research question, problem, issue
Provides a framework for establishing importance of your study
Argues that not enough is yet known about the topic

29. 4. Literature to compare
Provides literature for you to compare your thinking
What they are X what you are
What they said X what you say
Their contribution X your contribution

30. Develop an Outline for a Literature Review
• Develop research question
• Define key terms
• State a research thesis, and
• Identify a target list of 20 key resources

31. Presentation of Literature Review
Title, Author, Research Question, Key Terms, Findings,
Methodology, and what was the gap

32. Format
Format 1 Format 3
– Essay way – Tabular Form
Format 2 Format 4
– Review Main – Entire work
points

33. Sources for Literature Search
Off-line

34. Abstract database of all the subjects
Subject Index

35. • Guide to Indian Literature
• Ulrich Guide
• Library search
• Registers
• Classified catalog cards
• Bibliographic databases
• Psychological Abstracts
• Sociological Abstract
• IIM-A/ B
• Footnote chasing

36. Common error

37. • Too quick conclusion
• Try same thing
• Complete reading of paper
• Format of presentation
• Nothing for me to do
• Copying

38. Skills

39. • Reading
• Understanding
• Critical Analysis
• Logical connection
• Leave out
• Visiting libraries
• Special Library

40. Key words on your topic
Example: Empowerment
• ??

41. Key words on your topic
Example: Empowerment
• OB
• HR practices
• HRM / SHRM
• Leadership
• Organizational Change
• Restructuring / OD
• Sociology of Culture
• Change Management

42. Work on
Accountability / Bureaucracy / Culture / Leadership/
Management Style and approach / Structure / liberty /
Communication / Decision Making / Discipline/ Ethos /
Industrial Democracy / Knowledge Sharing /
Ownership Culture / Organizational Health / Power
Distribution/ Responsibility Sharing / Transparency /
Information sharing / Degree of trust & loyalty……….

43. ICSSR….. Research funding

44. • NASSDOC
• Study Grants
• Partial Assistance
• Literature search…. Bibliography
• Conference Alert
• PhD thesis
• Monographs
• All Social Science journals

45. List of Machine Readable Databases
Online Databases
EconLit (1969+)
International Political Science Abstracts (1989+)
Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) (1969+)
PsycINFO (1872+)
Sociological Abstracts (1952+)

46. II CD ROM Databases
• AGRIS (1975-2000)All India Index to English books in print
• Business Abstracts CD-ROM (1999-2003,2008)
• Dissertation Abstracts on Disc : A Humanities and Social Sciences (with abstracts)
(1987-2003)
• ERIC (Educational Resources Information Centre) (with abstracts) (1966-2000)
• International Bibliography of Social Science (1981-2002)
• ISID Research Reference CD (without abstracts)
• Journal Citation Report (2000, 2002)
• PAIS International (Public Affairs Information Service)

47. • POPLINE (Population Online) (with abstracts) (2002)
• PsycINFO (with abstracts) (2003 June)
• Singapore National Bibliography (1998-2002)
• Social Sciences Citation Index with Abstracts (1998-99, 2003)
• Social Science Index (without abstract) (1983-2000)
• Social Sciences Index / Full Text (1989-1999)
• UNESCO CD-ROM (1997-2002)
• Vans Electronic Library (2000-2001)
• Wilson Social Science Abstracts Women Studies International (1972-2004)

48. Statistical Databases
• Annual Survey of Industries, 1973-74 to 1997-98
• Domestic Product of States of India, 1960-1961 to 2000-01
• Economic Intelligence Service (2004-2005) (CMIE, India)
• FAO STAT (Food and Agriculture Statistics) (2001)
• Global Development Finance on CD-ROM
• National Accounts Statistics of India 1950-51 to 2000-01
• UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics (2002)
• World Development Indicators on CD-ROM (1999, 2003)
• Other Database……..Indian Business Insight Database (IBID)

49. Bibliography compilation charges :
Rs. 25/- plus Rs.22.00 for the Registered Postage
(Total Rs. 47.00 for 25 references)
As on March, 2012

50. Library
• ICSSR
• AIMA
• ILO
• JNU
• Parliament
• HRD Ministry
• NCERT
• AIU
• British
• American

51. Reflections
Do I have a specific thesis, problem, or research question
What type of literature review am I conducting?
Am I looking at issues of theory, methodology, policy, quantitative
research,
qualitative research?
What is the scope of my literature review? What types of publications
am I using: journals, books, government documents, popular
media?
What discipline am I working in: economics, psychology, sociology,
management?

52. • How good are my information seeking skills?
• Found all the relevant material?
• Did I exclude irrelevant material?
• Is there a specific relationship between literature chosen to review
and problem formulated?

53. Have I critically analyzed the literature I use?
Do I just list and summarize authors and articles, or do I
critically assess them?
Have I cited and discussed studies contrary to my
perspective?
Will the reader find my literature review relevant,
appropriate, and useful?

54. Some tips
Keep up to date - start with recent and work back
Be persistent, search across disciplines
Resist temptation to rely on online content
Read intensively and extensively

55. End Tips
Don’t worry if it looks messy
Boundaries between this literature and that literature are not clearly
demarcated
There is no definitive set of choices about which literatures, or authors,
to include in your literature review
Do not start writing your literature review until you have developed a
broad and deep understanding of your topic!
You can’t know everything

56. Aware
• Copyright
• Patent
• Cant dawn load
• Cant change

57. Nice to be with you all
sanbag@rediffmail.com / sanbagsanbag@rediffmail.com