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INTRODUCTION
TO 8051
MICROCONTROLLER
WHAT IS A MICROCONTROLLER?

• All of the components needed for a controller
  were built right onto one chip.
• Thus A one chip computer, or microcontroller
  was born.
• A microcontroller is a highly integrated chip
  which includes, on one chip, all or most of the
  parts needed for a controller.
• The microcontroller could be called a "one-
  chip solution".
Features :
• The Intel 8051 is used in embedded
  systems
  – 8-bit CPU
  – 4k bytes ROM for the program
  – 128 BYTES of RAM for variables
  – 32 I/O lines ( 4 PORTS WITH 8 EACH )
  – 2 timers
  – 1 Serial port
  – 6 interrupt sources
  – Low cost (25-30 Rs per chip)
Block Diagram
External Interrupts


   Interrupt           4k          128 bytes           Timer 1
    Control           ROM            RAM               Timer 2




     CPU




     OSC               Bus
                                   4 I/O Ports          Serial
                      Control



                                 P0 P2 P1        P3   TXD   RXD
                                Addr/Data
8051 – PIN DIAGRAM
8051 – 40 PIN IC
• 8051 contains four I/O ports (P0 - P3)
                 • Each port can be used as input or output
                   (bi-direction)

    Port 0              Port 1          Port 2          Port 3
P0(P0.0~P0.7)       P1(P1.0~P1.7)   P2(P2.0~P2.7)   P3(P3.0~P3.7)

                                      8-bit R/W -
 8-bit R/W -                                            General
                                        General
   General                                            Purpose I/O
                                      Purpose I/O
 Purpose I/O           Only 8-bit
                         R/W -
                        General       Or high        if not using
  Or acts as a          Purpose      byte of the      any of the
  multiplexed
                          I/O         address           internal
   low byte                            bus for       peripherals
  address and                                        (timers) or
  data bus for
                                      external
    external                          memory           external
   memory                              design        interrupts.
     design
IMPORTANT PINS

•   PSEN (out): Program Store Enable, the read signal
    for external program memory (active low).
•   ALE (out): Address Latch Enable, to latch address
    outputs at Port0 and Port2
•   EA (in): External Access Enable, active low to access
    external program memory locations 0 to 4K
•   RXD,TXD: UART pins for serial I/O on Port 3
•   XTAL1 & XTAL2: Crystal inputs for internal
    oscillator.
SIGNALS - OPERATION
• Vcc(pin 40):
   – Vcc provides supply voltage to the chip.
   – The voltage source is +5V.
• GND(pin 20):ground
• XTAL1 and XTAL2(pins 19,18):
   – These 2 pins provide external clock.
   – Way 1:using a quartz crystal oscillator
   – Way 2:using a TTL oscillator
RST - RESET

• RST(pin 9):reset
   – input pin and active high
       • The high pulse must be high at least 2 machine
         cycles.
   – power-on reset.
       • Upon applying a high pulse to RST, the
         microcontroller will reset and all values in
         registers will be lost.
EA & PSEN
• EA(pin 31):external access
   – There is no on-chip ROM in 8031 and 8032 .
   – The EA pin is connected to GND to indicate the
     code is stored externally.
   – PSEN & ALE are used for external ROM.
   – active low.
• PSEN(pin 29):program store enable
   – This is an output pin and is connected to the OE
     pin of the ROM.
ALE


• ALE(pin 30):address latch enable
  It is an output pin and is active high.
  8051 port 0 provides both address and data.
  The ALE pin is used for de-multiplexing the
  address and data by connecting to the G pin of
  the 74LS373 latch.
8051 microcontroller

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8051 microcontroller

  • 2. WHAT IS A MICROCONTROLLER? • All of the components needed for a controller were built right onto one chip. • Thus A one chip computer, or microcontroller was born. • A microcontroller is a highly integrated chip which includes, on one chip, all or most of the parts needed for a controller. • The microcontroller could be called a "one- chip solution".
  • 3. Features : • The Intel 8051 is used in embedded systems – 8-bit CPU – 4k bytes ROM for the program – 128 BYTES of RAM for variables – 32 I/O lines ( 4 PORTS WITH 8 EACH ) – 2 timers – 1 Serial port – 6 interrupt sources – Low cost (25-30 Rs per chip)
  • 4. Block Diagram External Interrupts Interrupt 4k 128 bytes Timer 1 Control ROM RAM Timer 2 CPU OSC Bus 4 I/O Ports Serial Control P0 P2 P1 P3 TXD RXD Addr/Data
  • 5. 8051 – PIN DIAGRAM
  • 6. 8051 – 40 PIN IC
  • 7. • 8051 contains four I/O ports (P0 - P3) • Each port can be used as input or output (bi-direction) Port 0 Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 P0(P0.0~P0.7) P1(P1.0~P1.7) P2(P2.0~P2.7) P3(P3.0~P3.7) 8-bit R/W - 8-bit R/W - General General General Purpose I/O Purpose I/O Purpose I/O Only 8-bit R/W - General Or high if not using Or acts as a Purpose byte of the any of the multiplexed I/O address internal low byte bus for peripherals address and (timers) or data bus for external external memory external memory design interrupts. design
  • 8. IMPORTANT PINS • PSEN (out): Program Store Enable, the read signal for external program memory (active low). • ALE (out): Address Latch Enable, to latch address outputs at Port0 and Port2 • EA (in): External Access Enable, active low to access external program memory locations 0 to 4K • RXD,TXD: UART pins for serial I/O on Port 3 • XTAL1 & XTAL2: Crystal inputs for internal oscillator.
  • 9. SIGNALS - OPERATION • Vcc(pin 40): – Vcc provides supply voltage to the chip. – The voltage source is +5V. • GND(pin 20):ground • XTAL1 and XTAL2(pins 19,18): – These 2 pins provide external clock. – Way 1:using a quartz crystal oscillator – Way 2:using a TTL oscillator
  • 10. RST - RESET • RST(pin 9):reset – input pin and active high • The high pulse must be high at least 2 machine cycles. – power-on reset. • Upon applying a high pulse to RST, the microcontroller will reset and all values in registers will be lost.
  • 11. EA & PSEN • EA(pin 31):external access – There is no on-chip ROM in 8031 and 8032 . – The EA pin is connected to GND to indicate the code is stored externally. – PSEN & ALE are used for external ROM. – active low. • PSEN(pin 29):program store enable – This is an output pin and is connected to the OE pin of the ROM.
  • 12. ALE • ALE(pin 30):address latch enable It is an output pin and is active high. 8051 port 0 provides both address and data. The ALE pin is used for de-multiplexing the address and data by connecting to the G pin of the 74LS373 latch.