👉Chandigarh Call Girls 👉9878799926👉Just Call👉Chandigarh Call Girl In Chandiga...
Todd Griffith: 2013 Sandia National Laboratoies Wind Plant Reliability Workshop
1. D. Todd Griffith, Ph.D.
Wind and Water Power Technologies
Sandia National Laboratories
Fifth Sandia Wind Plant Reliability Workshop
August 13, 2013
dgriffi@sandia.gov
Sandia Technical Report: SAND2013-6915C
2. Continued increase
in installed wind
capacity both world
wide and in the U.S.
China – largest
cumulative capacity
U.S. second in
cumulative
~285 GW Installed Worldwide - Total (up from 240 GW)
~60 GW Installed in U.S. – Total (up from 47 GW)
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
0
9,000
18,000
27,000
36,000
45,000
54,000
1983 1990 1995 2000 2006 2012
CumulativeMW
MWperyear
Year
Installed Wind Powerin the World
- Annual and Cumulative -
Source: BTM Consult - A Part of Navigant - March 2013
Source: BTM Consult – A Part
of Navigant – March 2013
4. U.S. ‐ DOE has proposed the 20% by 2030 scenario
• 2013 State of the Union: double renewables by 2020
• U.S. DOE recently announced new Vision for wind (2020, 2030, 2050)
Europe – EU has proposed a 20% renewables by 2020 plan
Record installations of nearly 45 GW in 2012
Economic value of global market from $76B (2012) to $113B
(2017)
• US Wind Energy: $25B
• US Aerospace: $218B (Civil Aircraft $61B) **
UK – significant offshore wind installations continue
• World leader in offshore wind with 2.8 GW installed end of
2012 (56% total world offshore capacity)
** 2012 Year-end Review and Forecast, Aerospace Industries Association
10. Until recent years, two prime suppliers of offshore
turbines (Siemens, Vestas) – new entrants emerging
Offshore is test bed for large turbine technology
• Virtually all are fixed bottom (monopile, etc)
New large machines in development for offshore
• 6 MW Alstom (150‐meter diameter)
• 6 MW Siemens (120‐meter diameter)
• 7 MW Vestas (164‐meter diameter)
• 7 MW Mitsubishi (165‐meter diameter)
• 4.5 MW Gamesa (134‐meter diameter)
11. Land-based Project Shallow Water Offshore Project
Musial, W. and
Ram, B. Large-
Scale Offshore
Wind Power in
the United
States.
NREL/TP-500-
40745. 2010.
14. Solving issues, improving codes and standards, and
developing innovations all lead to lower COE:
• lower capital costs,
• lower O&M, or
• increased energy capture.
15. Radar
Noise
Transportation
Wind Plant Performance; Wake Losses
Field Service & Repair
Lightning
Reliability of blade design & manufacturing
Acoustic
Research
Effects of
Turbines on
Radar
16. Innovations in research communities – labs, universities,
industry
• Passive load control
• New airfoils
• Large blade development
• Active load and performance control
• Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT designs)
• New materials characterizations
• Sensor development for SHM and active load control
• Increased tip speeds
• Coatings for radar, lightning
20. Sandia has focused on a sealed water box that:
• Adjusts to slight curvature surfaces
• Eliminates water flow to open box
• Maximizes signal strength
• Accommodates necessary standoffs for signal
clarity
• Easily saves scanned images for reference using the
unidirectional Mouse Encoder
4 Ply Pillow Inserts
FBH
FHB’s Pillow Inserts
BRC: Probe Housing Development for Factory Deployment
21. CREW: Continuous Reliability Enhancement for Wind
21
Goal: Create a national reliability database of wind plant operating
data to enable reliability analysis
Sandia partners with
Strategic Power Systems
(SPS), whose ORAPWind®
software collects real‐
time data from wind plant
partners
Benchmark reliability performance
Track operating performance
Method:
22. SHPM: Structural Health and Prognostics
Management
Cost-effectively simulating realistic
damaged states and evaluating their effects
Repair Cost
Defect Size
Blade Removal
Blade Replacement
Up‐Tower Repair
Ground Repair
No Repair
(not to scale)
Recognizing the dependence of repair costs
on extent of damage and ease of accessibility:
Opportunity to plan for cheaper repairs,
optimize O&M processes