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Statistics for the Behavioral and Social Sciences:  A Brief Course   Fifth Edition   Arthur Aron, Elaine N. Aron, Elliot Coups Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law.  The following are prohibited by law:  -any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;  -preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;  -any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Prepared by: Genna Hymowitz Stony Brook University
Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs ,[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
Chapter Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why Learn Statistics? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
What is Statistics? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
Basic Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
Kinds of Variables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
Level of Measurement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . Not in text
Level of Measurement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
Level of Measurement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
How Are You Doing? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
How Are You Doing? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
How Are You Doing? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
[object Object]
Frequency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
Frequency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
Steps for Making a Frequency Table ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
Frequency Table Step 1 ,[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . Happiness Rating 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency Table Step 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . Happiness Rating Frequency Tally 0 1 II 2 III 3 IIII 4 III 5 III 6 I 7 I 8 I 9 II 10
Frequency Table Step 3 Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . Happiness Rating Frequency Tally Frequency 0 0 1 II 2 2 III 3 3 IIII 4 4 III 3 5 III 3 6 I 1 7 I 1 8 I 1 9 II 2 10 0
Frequency Table Step 4 ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
Completed Frequency Table Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . Happiness Rating Frequency  Percent 0 0 0% 1 2 10% 2 3 15% 3 4 20% 4 3 15% 5 3 15% 6 1 5% 7 1 5% 8 1 5% 9 2 10% 10 0 0%
Another Example: 4 3 10 5 4 2 9 6 8 3 1 7 5 5 6 2 5 4 6 7 8 7 3 5
Frequency Tables for Nominal Variables ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . Major Frequency Percent Psychology 5 25 Sociology 8 40 Anthropology 3 15 Political Science 4 20
Another Example: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Grouped Frequency Table ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
Histogram ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
Histogram ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 8 7   6   5   4     3       2               1               0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
How to Make a Histogram ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . ,[object Object],[object Object],Happiness Rating Frequency  0 0 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 5 3 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 10 0
How to Make a Histogram ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 6 5 4 3 2 1 0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
How to Make a Histogram ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 6 5 4 3   2         1             0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency Distributions ,[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 8 7   6   5     4       3         2                 1                     0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency Distributions Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency Distributions ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency Distributions ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency Distributions ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency Distributions ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 3 2 1 0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Symmetrical and Skewed Distributions ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Symmetrical and Skewed Distributions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Skewed Distributions ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Floor and Ceiling Effects ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Floor and Ceiling Effects ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Normal, Heavy-Tailed, and Light-Tailed Distributions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .
Key Points ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved .

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Aron chpt 1 ed

  • 1. Statistics for the Behavioral and Social Sciences: A Brief Course Fifth Edition Arthur Aron, Elaine N. Aron, Elliot Coups Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: -any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; -preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; -any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Prepared by: Genna Hymowitz Stony Brook University
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  • 20. Frequency Table Step 3 Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . Happiness Rating Frequency Tally Frequency 0 0 1 II 2 2 III 3 3 IIII 4 4 III 3 5 III 3 6 I 1 7 I 1 8 I 1 9 II 2 10 0
  • 21.
  • 22. Completed Frequency Table Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . Happiness Rating Frequency Percent 0 0 0% 1 2 10% 2 3 15% 3 4 20% 4 3 15% 5 3 15% 6 1 5% 7 1 5% 8 1 5% 9 2 10% 10 0 0%
  • 23. Another Example: 4 3 10 5 4 2 9 6 8 3 1 7 5 5 6 2 5 4 6 7 8 7 3 5
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  • 33. Frequency Distributions Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved . 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0                       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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