E\' stata avviata un’attività di ricerca riguardante l’albedo terrestre e l’influenza di tale proprietà sul cambiamento climatico globale in collaborazione tra CIRIAF, CNR Ambiente e una rete di Imprese per l\'Albedo.
Dalla realizzazione di modelli di validazione e da alcune verifiche sperimentali, sono stati ottenuti dei risultati circa la correlazione fra la radiazione riflessa da superfici trattate con pigmenti o cultivar caratterizzate da spiccata capacità di riflessione della radiazione solare e la quantità di emissioni di Co2eq evitate in atmosfera (circa 10 mq di superficie con riflettenza maggiore del 90% equivale ad una tonnellata di CO2eq).
Il progetto rivoluzionerebbe l\'attività per la mitigazione del riscaldamento globale che fin\'ora pensava solo alla riduzione del CO2. Molto interessati al progetto paesi come la Cina e i paesi del Nord Africa che hanno grandi superfici terrestri da poter trattare per la riduzione dell\'accumulo di calore per effetto della radiazione solare.
Con l’implementazione della seconda fase (lancio di un satellite di probabile fabbricazione italo-cinese e messa in orbita polare eliosincrona), si darebbe avvio alla certificazione di tali superfici ad elevato albedo su scala globale ai fini del riconoscimento di crediti di carbonio validi e commercializzabili all’interno dell’Emission Trading System
E\' infatti possibile la Certificazione da satelite della CO2 compensata mediante superfici ad elevato albedo; tale attività potrà essere articolata nelle seguenti fasi:
- acquisizione di richieste di certificazione di singoli attori interessati al riconoscimento di efficacia delle superfici per il controllo dell’albedo, previa acquisizione di adeguata documentazione progettuale (materiale cartografico/fotografico relativo ai siti di installazione e corrispondente inquadramento meteorologico e geografico);
- valutazione dei progetti e quantificazione della CO2 compensata dall’installazione delle superfici ad elevato albedo;
- rilascio certificati.
TUTTE QUESTE ATTIVITA\' SARANNO SVOLTE DALLE AZIENDE PROMOTRICI PER L\'ALBEDO DA ME COORDINATE IN COLLABORAZIONE DI CIRIAF E CNR.
Sandro Cecchi
NEXT-GENERATION: PROCESS INTENSIFICATION FOR BLUE TO GREEN HYDROGEN
Albedo Project Presentation Rev2
1. ALBEDO PROJECT
ing. Sandro Cecchi
ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Founder of Italian Center
Consortium (www.myitaliancenter.com)
Director of Sound Art Festival SGUARDI SONORI,
cell.3489355169 e-mail: scecchi@tiscali.it
tel./fax: 06.6869222
Via del Tempio 1 00186 Roma,
www.linkedin.com/in/sandrocecchi
www.facebook.com/sandro.tre
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
2. Benefits
One of the major concern uman kind is facing is the global warming
with all its implications on Earth life.
Several studies and initiatives are in progress to mitigate the effect
including the Kyoto protocol.
A new concept has been developed from University of Perugia where
global warming is limited by reducing the Earth energy absorption.
The idea can bring to the development of a measurement and
certification System that can be compatible with Kyoto protocol
and be self sustainable.
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
3. List of content
• Introduction
• Scientific background
• Users and applications
• Mission & service definition
• System architecture
• Payload requirement
• Actors
• Business model
• Implementation plan
• Funding scheme
• Conclusions
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
4. Introduction (1)
The current internationally accepted techniques for the mitigation of
global warming followed by two methodological approaches: the first
involves the capture of CO2 released into the atmosphere, the second
is the reduction of CO2 emissions.
First approach includes all of the technologies for the sequestration and
geological sequestration of CO2 emitted by combustion processes or
during the extraction of fossil fuels.
Head instead to the second approach are the technologies for the
production of energy from renewable sources and practices for energy
and energy efficiency improvement.
In both approaches, however, the end result remains the reduction
of the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere would involve
recognizing that the element responsible for global warming.
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
5. Introduction (2)
The approach here proposed, which is complementary to those
mentioned above, however, provides for the compensation of the
increase in temperature produced by greenhouse gases, using
techniques that allow you to control the amount of energy absorbed
from the Sun and the Earth’s surface or the reflected energy from the
earth into space.
In this regard, a study conducted by CIRIAF-University of Perugia
(Patent No. PG and PG 2006 A 0086 2007 A 0009) which has already
won several awards from the international scientific community, found
that an area of 10 square meters of high average albedo is able to
offset, in terms of global warming, the effect produced by the entry
into the atmosphere one tonne of carbon dioxide.
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
6. Introduction (3)
The University of Perugia with the collaboration of a bundle of
Industries is now proposing to develop a specific measurement and
certification system that can be used to comply with Kyoto Protocol
objectives and provide global warming mitigation.
The system is based on a space and ground infrastructure plus a
dedicated agency devoted to the assessment and certification.
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
7. Scientific background
Global Warming
• Atmospheric concentration of CO2 is currently nearly 40 % above its
preindustrial level (from 285 to 380 ppm).
• By IPCC 4th Assessment Report GW is mainly due to human-induced
effects.
+ 0.64 Celsius
degrees on the
last fifty years
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
9. Scientific background
Global Warming consequences
ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHIC
‐ Costs induced by extreme weather events ‐ sea-level rise predicted at 2100: min 0.22 m,
can rise up to 25% of GDP on affected max 0.44 m.
countries.
- 20 % rain falling increase on South Asia by
2050, 10 % less annual rainfall on sub-
Saharan Africa.
SOCIAL HEALTH
‐ 4.3 - 6.9 billion of people living in severely ‐ 400 milion additional popolation at risk for
stressed river basins. malaria.
‐ 200 million of climate migrants by 2050. ‐ 3.5 billion additional people at risk dengue.
‐ 50 % fall of rain-fed agricolture in sub- ‐ 300 % heat-related death increase in 2100.
Saharan Africa by 2020.
‐ Increase in malnutrition.
‐ 40 - 140 million of people flooded per year
by 2100.
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
10. Scientific background
Mitigation of Global Warming
Energy saving (Green building, energy saving
TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY
practices and behaviours, etc.)
EFFECT ON GW MITIGATION
Energy production by renewables (e.g., biomass, solar, wind,
geothermal, hydroelectric, etc.) or nuclear (Is it renewable?)
COSTS
Increasing the efficiency on energy production and use
Greenhouse gases capture
and sequestration
BEST RESULTS BY SIMPLER AND CHEAPER METHODS !!!
11. Scientific background
Solar Radiation Management - SRM
• Earth albedo plays an CRUCIAL role on Earth temperature.
• Artificial enhancement of terrestrial albedo (SRM) may
contribute to offset CO2 effect on earth average temperature.
ETIOLOGY
SURFACE GLOBAL
CO2
ALBEDO AVERAGE
EMISSIONS
INCREASE TEMPERATURE
OFFSET
DECREASE
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
12. Scientific background
Modeling of GW mitigation
• Several models are still available to predict the effect of Earth albedo
on earth temperature.
• A new method (CIRIAF PATENT) is the only one that takes into
account the high albedo surface peculiarities: (latitude, tilt angle,
azimuth angle, albedo).
CO2 OFFSET = f (α , β,γ , rs ,τ , M ) Meteo
conditions
Time
Surface
Latitude Tilt Azimuth solar
angle angle albedo
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
13. Scientific background
INPUT DATA INPUT DATA
METEO +∆ ALBEDO POSITION +∆ CO2
ATMOSPHERIC CO2 vs T
MODEL - ∆T + ∆T radiative forcing
method by IPPC
VIS+IR
0
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
14. Scientific background
ALBEDO
ENHANCEMENT
GLOBAL BUILDING
WARMING PASSIVE
MITIGATION COOLING
CO2 AVOIDED CO2
OFFSET + EMISSIONS
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
15. Users and applications
INHERENTLY COOL ROOFS GREEN ROOFS
COATED COOL ROOFS Certification requirements for
different cool roof programs
Slope Solar Reflectance SRI
US GBC
Energy Star
LEED
Low 0.65 78
Steep 0.25 29
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
17. Users and applications
1 ton of CO2eq is half absorbed by ecosystem and half
contributes to increase atmospheric concentration.
To compensate 1 ton of CO2,eq released into the atmosphere
4 m2 @ r = 0.9 ALBEDO surface are required in Rome.
Which is the potential value of
1 m2 @ r = 0.9 in Rome today?
3 € for 30yrs exposure!!!!!
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
18. Users and applications
INCOMINGS FROM 1.000 M2 OF
HIGH ALBEDO SURFACES
(r = 0.9)
LOCALITY 1 LOCALITY 2 LOCALITY 3
NIAMEY ROME PARIS
(NIGER) (ITALY) (FRANCE)
5.200 € 3.250 € 2.600 €
174 €/yrs 109 €/yrs 87 €/yrs
HOW CAN WE GET IT ?????
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
19. Users and applications
TASKS A proposal for certificate
PROJECTS
APPROVAL
CREDITS
ISSUING
MARKET
REGULATION
PERIODIC ALBEDO
MONITORING
(AlbedoSat)
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
20. Albedo space mission
The Albedo project needs specifc measuremt in terms of
spatial resolution and spectral bandwidth that can’t be
derived from current satellite missions
Therefore it is needed to develop a new satellite specifically
designed to accomplish the task.
The satellite can be based on the already available Italian
technology and small satellite design.
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
21. Albedo space mission requirement
• LEO orbit sunsynchronuos with altitude in the range of
400 - 500 km
• Local time = 10-12 (10:30 target )
• Coverage worldwide
• Revisit time: 6-8 months (can be reduce adding more
satellites)
• Payload: optical payload with multiband measurement
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
22. Mission requirement
Payload
Optical Payload will be composed of a pancromatic
camera plus a channel covering the spectrum from 0,4
to 4,5 micron
preliminary requirements for pan camera
• Observation BW 0,4-0,9 micron
• GSD:2-2,5m
• nadir looking swath: 20x20 km2
• S/N>200 (nadir looking, time passage 10:30)
• MTF>0,15
• Quantization (not compressed): 12 bit
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
23. Albedosat mission requirements
Wide channel requirement
• Banda di osservazione: 0.4-4.5 micron
• Pixel spatial Resolution: 4-5 m
• S/N: 200 @ 650 nm
• Bits per sample :12 bits
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
24. Mission requirement
Platform
• Dry Mass 250 Kg (payload/piattaforma = 30%)
• EOL Power: 150 W
• Compatibility with a large range of launcher
• Stabilization: 3 axis stabilized
• Boresight pointing accuracy: < 0,1° on each axis
• Pointing knowledge < 0,02° for each axis
• Tilt manouvers: +/-65° along e cross track
• Pointing velocity: 1°/sec
• Life time: 5 years
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
25. AlbedoSat Mission Requirements
Applications
Pancromatic Wide spectrum Comments
Camera channel
Coverage
Revisit Time
resolution
Applications Areas
Vegetation
Agriculture
Land use and mapping
Hydrology
Coastal Resources
Albedo
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
26. AlbedoSat mission architecture
SATELLITE
PAYLOAD PLATFORM
PE (Payload Electronics) OBC
X- Band TX S- Band TX/RC
Image data Housekeeping data and Satellite macro
tracking information commands
GROUND SEGMENT
USER SEGMENT GROUND CONTROL CENTER
TT&C Station
X- Band downlink Station
Ancillary data
Acquisition Data Data&Product SCC FDC
Archive Catalogue (Satellite Control Center) (Flight Dynamics
Center)
Generation Product - Request
acquisition plan
- Modify/Delete
acquisition plan
- Planning MCC(Mission Control Center)
Acceptance
Mission Mission M&C Payload
Planning M&C
System
Data&Product Data&Product
retrieval Request
Mission Mission
Simulator Database
System
Data&Product Web Interface User request - Planning confirmation and
delivery time acquisition
- Last planning
USER
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
27. Potential Actors & Implementation
• Scientific organization (Kyoto Protocol, European Environment Agency,
CNR, ISPRA)
• Institutions (UE, Italian Ministery of Environment and Research, ASI)
• Industry (Albedo Consortium, Italian and European SME, Chinese
companies)
• International partners (Italy-China-UE-Third World Development
Countries)
IMPLEMENTATION
Public Private Partnership (World Bank, BEI, Albedo Consortium, Third World
Development Countries, World Albedo Agency)
The project will be also devoted to generate richness in the Third Development
Countries implementing the augmentation the sun light reflection in large
desertic areas or in extensive populated areas.
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
28. Conclusions
Cost of the project: 100 M€
80M€ for satellite, 20M€ for the Albedo Agency. Italy will
develop the satellite instrument (30M€) and China may provide
the bus and the launch
Return from the Investment
Assuming to sell the certifications in a prince range from 2 to 5%
of the value of carbon credits the Agency may gain from 2 to 5 €
for each 100m2 surface certification. The surface annually
cerficable may range from a minimum of 10.000.000.000m2 to
the maximum allowed by satellite operations. From this
conservative assumption the sustanaibility of the Albedo Agency
is largely demonstrated.
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator