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ALBEDO PROJECT
            ing. Sandro Cecchi
     ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
                  Founder of Italian Center
            Consortium (www.myitaliancenter.com)
     Director of Sound Art Festival SGUARDI SONORI,
         cell.3489355169 e-mail: scecchi@tiscali.it
                    tel./fax: 06.6869222
               Via del Tempio 1 00186 Roma,
               www.linkedin.com/in/sandrocecchi
                www.facebook.com/sandro.tre




ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Benefits
One of the major concern uman kind is facing is the global warming
with all its implications on Earth life.
Several studies and initiatives are in progress to mitigate the effect
including the Kyoto protocol.
A new concept has been developed from University of Perugia where
global warming is limited by reducing the Earth energy absorption.
The idea can bring to the development of a measurement and
certification System that can be compatible with Kyoto protocol
and be self sustainable.


            ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
List of content
•   Introduction
•   Scientific background
•   Users and applications
•   Mission & service definition
•   System architecture
•   Payload requirement
•   Actors
•   Business model
•   Implementation plan
•   Funding scheme
•   Conclusions

       ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Introduction (1)
The current internationally accepted techniques for the mitigation of
global warming followed by two methodological approaches: the first
involves the capture of CO2 released into the atmosphere, the second
is the reduction of CO2 emissions.
First approach includes all of the technologies for the sequestration and
geological sequestration of CO2 emitted by combustion processes or
during the extraction of fossil fuels.
Head instead to the second approach are the technologies for the
production of energy from renewable sources and practices for energy
and energy efficiency improvement.
In both approaches, however, the end result remains the reduction
of the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere would involve
recognizing that the element responsible for global warming.
           ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Introduction (2)
The approach here proposed, which is complementary to those
mentioned above, however, provides for the compensation of the
increase in temperature produced by greenhouse gases, using
techniques that allow you to control the amount of energy absorbed
from the Sun and the Earth’s surface or the reflected energy from the
earth into space.

In this regard, a study conducted by CIRIAF-University of Perugia
(Patent No. PG and PG 2006 A 0086 2007 A 0009) which has already
won several awards from the international scientific community, found
that an area of ​10 square meters of high average albedo is able to
offset, in terms of global warming, the effect produced by the entry
into the atmosphere one tonne of carbon dioxide.

          ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Introduction (3)

The University of Perugia with the collaboration of a bundle of
Industries is now proposing to develop a specific measurement and
certification system that can be used to comply with Kyoto Protocol
objectives and provide global warming mitigation.

The system is based on a space and ground infrastructure plus a
dedicated agency devoted to the assessment and certification.




          ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Scientific background
                           Global Warming
• Atmospheric concentration of CO2 is currently nearly 40 % above its
  preindustrial level (from 285 to 380 ppm).
• By IPCC 4th Assessment Report GW is mainly due to human-induced
  effects.


       + 0.64 Celsius
       degrees on the
       last fifty years


              ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Scientific background
                 Global Warming consequences

             ECONOMIC                                           GEOGRAPHIC
‐   Costs induced by extreme weather events          ‐   sea-level rise predicted at 2100: min 0.22 m,
    can rise up to 25% of GDP on affected                max 0.44 m.
    countries.
                                                     -   20 % rain falling increase on South Asia by
                                                         2050, 10 % less annual rainfall on sub-
                                                         Saharan Africa.


                 SOCIAL                                               HEALTH
‐   4.3 - 6.9 billion of people living in severely   ‐   400 milion additional popolation at risk for
    stressed river basins.                               malaria.
‐   200 million of climate migrants by 2050.         ‐   3.5 billion additional people at risk dengue.
‐   50 % fall of rain-fed agricolture in sub-        ‐   300 % heat-related death increase in 2100.
    Saharan Africa by 2020.
                                                     ‐   Increase in malnutrition.
‐   40 - 140 million of people flooded per year
    by 2100.

              ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Scientific background
                                     Mitigation of Global Warming

                                  Energy saving (Green building, energy saving




                                                                                            TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY
                                         practices and behaviours, etc.)
EFFECT ON GW MITIGATION




                           Energy production by renewables (e.g., biomass, solar, wind,
                           geothermal, hydroelectric, etc.) or nuclear (Is it renewable?)




                                                                                                                       COSTS
                              Increasing the efficiency on energy production and use



                                            Greenhouse gases capture
                                               and sequestration

                          BEST RESULTS BY SIMPLER AND CHEAPER METHODS !!!
Scientific background
        Solar Radiation Management - SRM
•   Earth albedo plays an CRUCIAL role on Earth temperature.
•   Artificial enhancement of terrestrial albedo (SRM) may
    contribute to offset CO2 effect on earth average temperature.


                               ETIOLOGY


 SURFACE                       GLOBAL
                                                                    CO2
 ALBEDO                       AVERAGE
                                                                 EMISSIONS
INCREASE                    TEMPERATURE
                                                                  OFFSET
                              DECREASE


         ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Scientific background
                   Modeling of GW mitigation
•   Several models are still available to predict the effect of Earth albedo
    on earth temperature.
•   A new method (CIRIAF PATENT) is the only one that takes into
    account the high albedo surface peculiarities: (latitude, tilt angle,
    azimuth angle, albedo).


     CO2 OFFSET = f (α , β,γ , rs ,τ , M )                                   Meteo
                                                                           conditions

                                                                          Time
                                                           Surface
                      Latitude      Tilt     Azimuth        solar
                                   angle      angle        albedo

              ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Scientific background
            INPUT DATA                                              INPUT DATA


METEO       +∆ ALBEDO         POSITION                                +∆ CO2




        ATMOSPHERIC                                                   CO2 vs T
           MODEL                 - ∆T        +         ∆T           radiative forcing
                                                                    method by IPPC
             VIS+IR


                                             0
        ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Scientific background

                      ALBEDO
                   ENHANCEMENT




    GLOBAL                                 BUILDING
   WARMING                                  PASSIVE
  MITIGATION                               COOLING
      CO2                               AVOIDED CO2
     OFFSET                   +          EMISSIONS

ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Users and applications
INHERENTLY COOL ROOFS                          GREEN ROOFS




 COATED COOL ROOFS                      Certification requirements for
                                         different cool roof programs
                                    Slope      Solar Reflectance     SRI
                                                                    US GBC
                                                  Energy Star
                                                                     LEED
                                     Low              0.65            78
                                    Steep             0.25            29

        ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Users and applications
ARCHITECTONIC                                 SALT PANS
 STRUCTURES




                                       ARBOREAL SPECIES




  ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Users and applications
  1 ton of CO2eq is half absorbed by ecosystem and half
    contributes to increase atmospheric concentration.

To compensate 1 ton of CO2,eq released into the atmosphere
 4 m2 @ r = 0.9 ALBEDO surface are required in Rome.


        Which is the potential value of
        1 m2 @ r = 0.9 in Rome today?

   3 € for 30yrs exposure!!!!!
     ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Users and applications
           INCOMINGS FROM 1.000 M2 OF
             HIGH ALBEDO SURFACES
                    (r = 0.9)
 LOCALITY 1                LOCALITY 2                LOCALITY 3

 NIAMEY                     ROME                      PARIS
 (NIGER)                   (ITALY)                  (FRANCE)
  5.200 €                   3.250 €                   2.600 €
 174 €/yrs                 109 €/yrs                  87 €/yrs


HOW CAN WE GET IT ?????
   ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Users and applications
     TASKS                               A proposal for certificate
   PROJECTS
   APPROVAL
   CREDITS
   ISSUING
    MARKET
  REGULATION
PERIODIC ALBEDO
  MONITORING
    (AlbedoSat)
   ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Albedo space mission
The Albedo project needs specifc measuremt in terms of
  spatial resolution and spectral bandwidth that can’t be
  derived from current satellite missions

Therefore it is needed to develop a new satellite specifically
  designed to accomplish the task.

The satellite can be based on the already available Italian
  technology and small satellite design.


          ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Albedo space mission requirement

•   LEO orbit sunsynchronuos with altitude in the range of
    400 - 500 km
•   Local time = 10-12 (10:30 target )
•   Coverage worldwide
•   Revisit time: 6-8 months (can be reduce adding more
    satellites)
•   Payload: optical payload with multiband measurement



          ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Mission requirement
                                  Payload

Optical Payload will be composed of a pancromatic
camera plus a channel covering the spectrum from 0,4
to 4,5 micron
 preliminary requirements for pan camera
• Observation BW 0,4-0,9 micron
• GSD:2-2,5m
• nadir looking swath: 20x20 km2
• S/N>200 (nadir looking, time passage 10:30)
• MTF>0,15
• Quantization (not compressed): 12 bit

         ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Albedosat mission requirements
     Wide channel requirement


 •       Banda di osservazione: 0.4-4.5 micron
 •       Pixel spatial Resolution: 4-5 m
 •       S/N: 200 @ 650 nm
 •       Bits per sample :12 bits




     ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Mission requirement
                           Platform

•    Dry Mass 250 Kg (payload/piattaforma = 30%)
•    EOL Power: 150 W
•    Compatibility with a large range of launcher
•    Stabilization: 3 axis stabilized
•    Boresight pointing accuracy: < 0,1° on each axis
•    Pointing knowledge < 0,02° for each axis
•    Tilt manouvers: +/-65° along e cross track
•    Pointing velocity: 1°/sec
•    Life time: 5 years



    ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
AlbedoSat Mission Requirements
                              Applications
                              Pancromatic          Wide     spectrum       Comments
                              Camera                  channel
Coverage
Revisit Time
resolution
Applications Areas
Vegetation
Agriculture
Land use and mapping
Hydrology
Coastal Resources
Albedo




               ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
AlbedoSat mission architecture
SATELLITE
PAYLOAD                                                                   PLATFORM
    PE (Payload Electronics)                                                                           OBC


  X- Band TX                                                                                           S- Band TX/RC

                       Image data                                         Housekeeping data and                           Satellite macro
                                                                          tracking information                            commands

GROUND SEGMENT
 USER SEGMENT                                                            GROUND CONTROL CENTER
                                                                                                            TT&C Station
  X- Band downlink Station
                                                       Ancillary data

  Acquisition Data              Data&Product                                         SCC                                FDC
                              Archive Catalogue                           (Satellite Control Center)              (Flight Dynamics
                                                                                                                       Center)
                             Generation Product       - Request
                                                      acquisition plan
                                                      - Modify/Delete
                                                      acquisition plan
                                                      - Planning           MCC(Mission Control Center)
                                                      Acceptance
                                                                                Mission           Mission M&C      Payload
                                                                                Planning                           M&C
                                                                                System
   Data&Product               Data&Product
     retrieval                  Request
                                                                                       Mission                Mission
                                                                                      Simulator              Database
                                                                                                              System
 Data&Product Web Interface       User request    - Planning confirmation and
   delivery                                       time acquisition
                                                  - Last planning
                  USER

      ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Potential Actors & Implementation
• Scientific organization (Kyoto Protocol, European Environment Agency,
  CNR, ISPRA)
• Institutions (UE, Italian Ministery of Environment and Research, ASI)
• Industry (Albedo Consortium, Italian and European SME, Chinese
  companies)
• International partners (Italy-China-UE-Third World Development
  Countries)

                             IMPLEMENTATION
Public Private Partnership (World Bank, BEI, Albedo Consortium, Third World
  Development Countries, World Albedo Agency)
The project will be also devoted to generate richness in the Third Development
  Countries implementing the augmentation the sun light reflection in large
  desertic areas or in extensive populated areas.


          ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Conclusions
Cost of the project: 100 M€
80M€ for satellite, 20M€ for the Albedo Agency. Italy will
develop the satellite instrument (30M€) and China may provide
the bus and the launch
Return from the Investment
Assuming to sell the certifications in a prince range from 2 to 5%
of the value of carbon credits the Agency may gain from 2 to 5 €
for each 100m2 surface certification. The surface annually
cerficable may range from a minimum of 10.000.000.000m2 to
the maximum allowed by satellite operations. From this
conservative assumption the sustanaibility of the Albedo Agency
is largely demonstrated.

        ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator

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Albedo Project Presentation Rev2

  • 1. ALBEDO PROJECT ing. Sandro Cecchi ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator Founder of Italian Center Consortium (www.myitaliancenter.com) Director of Sound Art Festival SGUARDI SONORI, cell.3489355169 e-mail: scecchi@tiscali.it tel./fax: 06.6869222 Via del Tempio 1 00186 Roma, www.linkedin.com/in/sandrocecchi www.facebook.com/sandro.tre ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 2. Benefits One of the major concern uman kind is facing is the global warming with all its implications on Earth life. Several studies and initiatives are in progress to mitigate the effect including the Kyoto protocol. A new concept has been developed from University of Perugia where global warming is limited by reducing the Earth energy absorption. The idea can bring to the development of a measurement and certification System that can be compatible with Kyoto protocol and be self sustainable. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 3. List of content • Introduction • Scientific background • Users and applications • Mission & service definition • System architecture • Payload requirement • Actors • Business model • Implementation plan • Funding scheme • Conclusions ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 4. Introduction (1) The current internationally accepted techniques for the mitigation of global warming followed by two methodological approaches: the first involves the capture of CO2 released into the atmosphere, the second is the reduction of CO2 emissions. First approach includes all of the technologies for the sequestration and geological sequestration of CO2 emitted by combustion processes or during the extraction of fossil fuels. Head instead to the second approach are the technologies for the production of energy from renewable sources and practices for energy and energy efficiency improvement. In both approaches, however, the end result remains the reduction of the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere would involve recognizing that the element responsible for global warming. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 5. Introduction (2) The approach here proposed, which is complementary to those mentioned above, however, provides for the compensation of the increase in temperature produced by greenhouse gases, using techniques that allow you to control the amount of energy absorbed from the Sun and the Earth’s surface or the reflected energy from the earth into space. In this regard, a study conducted by CIRIAF-University of Perugia (Patent No. PG and PG 2006 A 0086 2007 A 0009) which has already won several awards from the international scientific community, found that an area of ​10 square meters of high average albedo is able to offset, in terms of global warming, the effect produced by the entry into the atmosphere one tonne of carbon dioxide. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 6. Introduction (3) The University of Perugia with the collaboration of a bundle of Industries is now proposing to develop a specific measurement and certification system that can be used to comply with Kyoto Protocol objectives and provide global warming mitigation. The system is based on a space and ground infrastructure plus a dedicated agency devoted to the assessment and certification. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 7. Scientific background Global Warming • Atmospheric concentration of CO2 is currently nearly 40 % above its preindustrial level (from 285 to 380 ppm). • By IPCC 4th Assessment Report GW is mainly due to human-induced effects. + 0.64 Celsius degrees on the last fifty years ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 8. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 9. Scientific background Global Warming consequences ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHIC ‐ Costs induced by extreme weather events ‐ sea-level rise predicted at 2100: min 0.22 m, can rise up to 25% of GDP on affected max 0.44 m. countries. - 20 % rain falling increase on South Asia by 2050, 10 % less annual rainfall on sub- Saharan Africa. SOCIAL HEALTH ‐ 4.3 - 6.9 billion of people living in severely ‐ 400 milion additional popolation at risk for stressed river basins. malaria. ‐ 200 million of climate migrants by 2050. ‐ 3.5 billion additional people at risk dengue. ‐ 50 % fall of rain-fed agricolture in sub- ‐ 300 % heat-related death increase in 2100. Saharan Africa by 2020. ‐ Increase in malnutrition. ‐ 40 - 140 million of people flooded per year by 2100. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 10. Scientific background Mitigation of Global Warming Energy saving (Green building, energy saving TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY practices and behaviours, etc.) EFFECT ON GW MITIGATION Energy production by renewables (e.g., biomass, solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, etc.) or nuclear (Is it renewable?) COSTS Increasing the efficiency on energy production and use Greenhouse gases capture and sequestration BEST RESULTS BY SIMPLER AND CHEAPER METHODS !!!
  • 11. Scientific background Solar Radiation Management - SRM • Earth albedo plays an CRUCIAL role on Earth temperature. • Artificial enhancement of terrestrial albedo (SRM) may contribute to offset CO2 effect on earth average temperature. ETIOLOGY SURFACE GLOBAL CO2 ALBEDO AVERAGE EMISSIONS INCREASE TEMPERATURE OFFSET DECREASE ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 12. Scientific background Modeling of GW mitigation • Several models are still available to predict the effect of Earth albedo on earth temperature. • A new method (CIRIAF PATENT) is the only one that takes into account the high albedo surface peculiarities: (latitude, tilt angle, azimuth angle, albedo). CO2 OFFSET = f (α , β,γ , rs ,τ , M ) Meteo conditions Time Surface Latitude Tilt Azimuth solar angle angle albedo ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 13. Scientific background INPUT DATA INPUT DATA METEO +∆ ALBEDO POSITION +∆ CO2 ATMOSPHERIC CO2 vs T MODEL - ∆T + ∆T radiative forcing method by IPPC VIS+IR 0 ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 14. Scientific background ALBEDO ENHANCEMENT GLOBAL BUILDING WARMING PASSIVE MITIGATION COOLING CO2 AVOIDED CO2 OFFSET + EMISSIONS ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 15. Users and applications INHERENTLY COOL ROOFS GREEN ROOFS COATED COOL ROOFS Certification requirements for different cool roof programs Slope Solar Reflectance SRI US GBC Energy Star LEED Low 0.65 78 Steep 0.25 29 ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 16. Users and applications ARCHITECTONIC SALT PANS STRUCTURES ARBOREAL SPECIES ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 17. Users and applications 1 ton of CO2eq is half absorbed by ecosystem and half contributes to increase atmospheric concentration. To compensate 1 ton of CO2,eq released into the atmosphere 4 m2 @ r = 0.9 ALBEDO surface are required in Rome. Which is the potential value of 1 m2 @ r = 0.9 in Rome today? 3 € for 30yrs exposure!!!!! ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 18. Users and applications INCOMINGS FROM 1.000 M2 OF HIGH ALBEDO SURFACES (r = 0.9) LOCALITY 1 LOCALITY 2 LOCALITY 3 NIAMEY ROME PARIS (NIGER) (ITALY) (FRANCE) 5.200 € 3.250 € 2.600 € 174 €/yrs 109 €/yrs 87 €/yrs HOW CAN WE GET IT ????? ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 19. Users and applications TASKS A proposal for certificate PROJECTS APPROVAL CREDITS ISSUING MARKET REGULATION PERIODIC ALBEDO MONITORING (AlbedoSat) ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 20. Albedo space mission The Albedo project needs specifc measuremt in terms of spatial resolution and spectral bandwidth that can’t be derived from current satellite missions Therefore it is needed to develop a new satellite specifically designed to accomplish the task. The satellite can be based on the already available Italian technology and small satellite design. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 21. Albedo space mission requirement • LEO orbit sunsynchronuos with altitude in the range of 400 - 500 km • Local time = 10-12 (10:30 target ) • Coverage worldwide • Revisit time: 6-8 months (can be reduce adding more satellites) • Payload: optical payload with multiband measurement ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 22. Mission requirement Payload Optical Payload will be composed of a pancromatic camera plus a channel covering the spectrum from 0,4 to 4,5 micron preliminary requirements for pan camera • Observation BW 0,4-0,9 micron • GSD:2-2,5m • nadir looking swath: 20x20 km2 • S/N>200 (nadir looking, time passage 10:30) • MTF>0,15 • Quantization (not compressed): 12 bit ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 23. Albedosat mission requirements Wide channel requirement • Banda di osservazione: 0.4-4.5 micron • Pixel spatial Resolution: 4-5 m • S/N: 200 @ 650 nm • Bits per sample :12 bits ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 24. Mission requirement Platform • Dry Mass 250 Kg (payload/piattaforma = 30%) • EOL Power: 150 W • Compatibility with a large range of launcher • Stabilization: 3 axis stabilized • Boresight pointing accuracy: < 0,1° on each axis • Pointing knowledge < 0,02° for each axis • Tilt manouvers: +/-65° along e cross track • Pointing velocity: 1°/sec • Life time: 5 years ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 25. AlbedoSat Mission Requirements Applications Pancromatic Wide spectrum Comments Camera channel Coverage Revisit Time resolution Applications Areas Vegetation Agriculture Land use and mapping Hydrology Coastal Resources Albedo ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 26. AlbedoSat mission architecture SATELLITE PAYLOAD PLATFORM PE (Payload Electronics) OBC X- Band TX S- Band TX/RC Image data Housekeeping data and Satellite macro tracking information commands GROUND SEGMENT USER SEGMENT GROUND CONTROL CENTER TT&C Station X- Band downlink Station Ancillary data Acquisition Data Data&Product SCC FDC Archive Catalogue (Satellite Control Center) (Flight Dynamics Center) Generation Product - Request acquisition plan - Modify/Delete acquisition plan - Planning MCC(Mission Control Center) Acceptance Mission Mission M&C Payload Planning M&C System Data&Product Data&Product retrieval Request Mission Mission Simulator Database System Data&Product Web Interface User request - Planning confirmation and delivery time acquisition - Last planning USER ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 27. Potential Actors & Implementation • Scientific organization (Kyoto Protocol, European Environment Agency, CNR, ISPRA) • Institutions (UE, Italian Ministery of Environment and Research, ASI) • Industry (Albedo Consortium, Italian and European SME, Chinese companies) • International partners (Italy-China-UE-Third World Development Countries) IMPLEMENTATION Public Private Partnership (World Bank, BEI, Albedo Consortium, Third World Development Countries, World Albedo Agency) The project will be also devoted to generate richness in the Third Development Countries implementing the augmentation the sun light reflection in large desertic areas or in extensive populated areas. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
  • 28. Conclusions Cost of the project: 100 M€ 80M€ for satellite, 20M€ for the Albedo Agency. Italy will develop the satellite instrument (30M€) and China may provide the bus and the launch Return from the Investment Assuming to sell the certifications in a prince range from 2 to 5% of the value of carbon credits the Agency may gain from 2 to 5 € for each 100m2 surface certification. The surface annually cerficable may range from a minimum of 10.000.000.000m2 to the maximum allowed by satellite operations. From this conservative assumption the sustanaibility of the Albedo Agency is largely demonstrated. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator