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Stem cell transplantation
STEM CELL
TRANSPLANTATIO
N
STEM CELL
• BASIC HUMAN CELLS
That can continuously produce unaltered daughters.
Also has the ability to produce daughter cells that have
different, more restricted properties
Procedure that replaces unhealthy cells with healthy ones
is called as
STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
stem for all
Degenerative disorders
NOW
HISTORY
• Mid 19th
century
– Marrow was the source of blood cells.
– It is just a chemical factor - transferred by eating the
marrow.
• 20th
century - Formulate the idea that a
– small number of cells in the marrow might be responsible
for the development of all blood cells.
– They began to refer to them as “stem cells”.
• End of world war-II
– Scientific exploration of marrow transplantation began
STEM CELL SOURCES
Transplants can come from three sources:
• PERIPHERAL BLOOD
• MARROW
• UMBILICAL CORD
MARROW
Advantages
Cells can be frozen for years
Retain stem cells.
Good number of stem cells.
Disadvantages
Donor has to undergo several health examination
Surgical procedure
Donor’s body replaces the donated bone marrow in four to
six weeks that makes immunologically weak.
PERIPHERAL BLOOD
Advantages
• Released from the marrow into the blood.
• Easy to collect
• It don’t need any surgical process.
• No recovery period.
Disadvantages
• Small number
UMBILICAL CORD
Advantages
Cord Blood Transplants May Result In Less GVHD.
• Collection & storage is easy &possible
Disadvantages
• Less availability
• Tissue rejection
TYPES OF TRANSPLANTATION
• Syngeneic transplantation
• Autologous stem cell infusion (autotransplant)
• Allogeneic transplantation
SYNGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION
• Donor and recipient are identical twins, with identical
genetic make up & same tissue type
• No treatments are needed to prevent GVHD
AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL
INFUSION (AUTOTRANSPLANT)
• Technique that obtains stem cells from an individual’s blood or
marrow & then infuses them back into the same individual.
• Principal concerns are that-
– Number of stem cells harvested is adequate to obtain full
engraftment when returned to the patient.
– Insufficient contaminating tumor cells in the autograph to
reestablish the tumor in the patient.
AUTOTRANSPLANT
ALLOGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION
• Technique of transplant with donor cells.
• Two types donors-
– Related Allogenic donors(sibling donors)
– Unrelated Allogenic donors this is also called
transplantation from a matched unrelated
donor(MUD)
ALLOGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION
GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE
• Acceptability between donor & patient stem cell is
expressed as GVHD.
It may be
– Acute
– Chronic
This can be identified with……..
SIGNS ARE USUALLY
–Rash
–Blistering
– Jaundice
–Loss of apetite
– Nausea
– Vomiting
– Diarrhea
–Abnormal cramps
TREATMENT FOR GVHD
• Chemotherapy
• Immuno suppressants
ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Gastrointestinal tract : Ulcers & dysfunction of
GIT occur frequently.
• Skin: Rashes may develop.
• Hair follicles: Hair loss occurs temporary
• Lungs: Pneumonia
• Blood vessels: Inflammation-damaged blood vessels
• Liver : Jaundice
APPLICATIONS
Treat inherited blood disorders-
– Sickle cell disease
– Thalassemia
– Abnormal monocytes
Cancer
– Bone marrow
– Blood
SOCIAL & EMOTIONAL EFFECTS
PRACTICAL CHALLENGES-
• FINANCES
• DEPRESSION
Stem cell transplantation

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Stem cell transplantation

  • 3. STEM CELL • BASIC HUMAN CELLS That can continuously produce unaltered daughters. Also has the ability to produce daughter cells that have different, more restricted properties Procedure that replaces unhealthy cells with healthy ones is called as STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
  • 4. STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION stem for all Degenerative disorders NOW
  • 5. HISTORY • Mid 19th century – Marrow was the source of blood cells. – It is just a chemical factor - transferred by eating the marrow. • 20th century - Formulate the idea that a – small number of cells in the marrow might be responsible for the development of all blood cells. – They began to refer to them as “stem cells”. • End of world war-II – Scientific exploration of marrow transplantation began
  • 6. STEM CELL SOURCES Transplants can come from three sources: • PERIPHERAL BLOOD • MARROW • UMBILICAL CORD
  • 7. MARROW Advantages Cells can be frozen for years Retain stem cells. Good number of stem cells. Disadvantages Donor has to undergo several health examination Surgical procedure Donor’s body replaces the donated bone marrow in four to six weeks that makes immunologically weak.
  • 8. PERIPHERAL BLOOD Advantages • Released from the marrow into the blood. • Easy to collect • It don’t need any surgical process. • No recovery period. Disadvantages • Small number
  • 9. UMBILICAL CORD Advantages Cord Blood Transplants May Result In Less GVHD. • Collection & storage is easy &possible Disadvantages • Less availability • Tissue rejection
  • 10. TYPES OF TRANSPLANTATION • Syngeneic transplantation • Autologous stem cell infusion (autotransplant) • Allogeneic transplantation
  • 11. SYNGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION • Donor and recipient are identical twins, with identical genetic make up & same tissue type • No treatments are needed to prevent GVHD
  • 12. AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL INFUSION (AUTOTRANSPLANT) • Technique that obtains stem cells from an individual’s blood or marrow & then infuses them back into the same individual. • Principal concerns are that- – Number of stem cells harvested is adequate to obtain full engraftment when returned to the patient. – Insufficient contaminating tumor cells in the autograph to reestablish the tumor in the patient.
  • 14. ALLOGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION • Technique of transplant with donor cells. • Two types donors- – Related Allogenic donors(sibling donors) – Unrelated Allogenic donors this is also called transplantation from a matched unrelated donor(MUD)
  • 16. GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE • Acceptability between donor & patient stem cell is expressed as GVHD. It may be – Acute – Chronic This can be identified with……..
  • 17. SIGNS ARE USUALLY –Rash –Blistering – Jaundice –Loss of apetite – Nausea – Vomiting – Diarrhea –Abnormal cramps
  • 18. TREATMENT FOR GVHD • Chemotherapy • Immuno suppressants
  • 19. ADVERSE EFFECTS • Gastrointestinal tract : Ulcers & dysfunction of GIT occur frequently. • Skin: Rashes may develop. • Hair follicles: Hair loss occurs temporary • Lungs: Pneumonia • Blood vessels: Inflammation-damaged blood vessels • Liver : Jaundice
  • 20. APPLICATIONS Treat inherited blood disorders- – Sickle cell disease – Thalassemia – Abnormal monocytes Cancer – Bone marrow – Blood
  • 21. SOCIAL & EMOTIONAL EFFECTS PRACTICAL CHALLENGES- • FINANCES • DEPRESSION