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Chemoprevention Against Environmental Carcinogens
- 1. Chemoprevention Against Environmental Carcinogens
- 3. Incidence Mortality (600,000 new cases) (280,000) From: Breast Cancer Prognosis, Treatment and Prevention Examples of incidence and mortality of various women’s cancers in the United States (in percentages). Values for 1990.
- 5. Proportional distribution of hereditary breast cancer. HNPCC includes MSH2, MLH1, PMS1, and PMS2 . Other single genes include TP53, PTEN, CHK2 , and STK11 , among others yet to be discovered.
- 6. Hypothetical mechanism that can be involved in the effect of maternal and fetal factors on breast cancer risk in female offspring. E 2 : estradiol. (Modified from Hilakivi-Clarke et al., 1994)
- 7. Cancer
- 11. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Cancer Risk (Ames and Gold, Drug Metabolism Reviews 30 :201-223, 1998) Fraction of studies showing cancer protection Relative risk Cancer site (p < .05) (low vs. high quartile) Epithelial Pancreas 9/11 2.8 Stomach 17/19 2.5 Lung 24/25 2.2 Esophagus 15/16 2.0 Cervix 7/8 2.0 Colorectal 20/35 1.9 Hormone Dependent Ovary/endometrium 3/4 1.8 Breast 8/14 1.3 Prostate 4/14 1.3
- 15. Many phytochemicals are believed to affect every stage of the cancer process Chemopreventive Cancer Prevented Mechanisms Phytochemicals Source (animal models) of Action Alkyl sulfides and disulfides Allium Esophagus, Colon, Phase II, GST Sulfide volatiles Lung Allyl cystenes Monoterpenes Citrus Mammary, Pancreas, Phase II, GST, Lemonene Skin, Lung, Liver UDP-GT, Phase I Isothiocyanates Crucifers Liver, Lung, Phase II, GST Mammary Polyphenols Teas Colon, Lung, Phase II (GST, Epigallocatechin gallate Skin, Liver QR), Phase I, AP-1 Curcumin Turmeric Colon, Skin Phase II, GST, Cox II
- 21. Carcinogenesis TCDD Gene Mutation Proto-oncogene Tumor Suppressor Angiogenesis Program Cell Death DNA Damage Normal Cells Promotion Mutant Cells Progression Benign Tumors Malignant Tumors Initiation BP DMBA Chemopreventive Agents X Phase I + Phase II –
- 22. Cellular Defense and Carcinogenesis Section Curcumin, DBM Resveratrol Diosmetin, Diosmin Galangin Kaempferol, Quercetin
Notes de l'éditeur
- Goswami ROS diagram
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