1. SAPA VOLUME 1, DESEMBER 2011
Strategic WTSTLE R TEEDRI SEIforIRPoverty ,VN O V E M B2E0R1 1 0 1 1
S L alliance DP S T A MT A M A alleviation
N E WN E E ET IE PER A, NO EMBER 2
(ALIANSI STRATEGIS UNTUK PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN)
PROMOTING INNOVATION, COORDINATION AND PARTICIPATION IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMS
E D I SI 1 , D E SE M B E R 2 0 1 1 | VO LU M E 1 , D E CE MBE R 2011
KEMENTERIAN KOORDINATOR
BIDANG KESEJAHTERAAN RAKYAT
Advisor
Sujana Royat (Kemenko Kesra),
Bambang Widianto (Tim Nasional
Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan,
Bersama­dengan­Badan­Pertanahan­nasional­(BPN),­petani­miskin­di­Dusun­Kulonbambang,­
TNP2K), Alexander Irwan (Ford Foundation)
Kabupaten­Blitar,­Jawa­Timur­berpartisipasi­dalam­pengukuran­tanah­untuk­land reform.
Chief Editor
Katiman Kartowinomo (Kemenko Kesra)
Together with the National land Agency BPN, poor farmers in Kulonbambang Village in Blitar District,
Editor East Java, participated in the land mapping for land reform.
K
Yaury Tetanel (Komite Kemitraan Indonesia
untuk Penanggulangan Kemiskinan –
KKIPK), Katiman Kartowinomo (Kemenko
Dari redaksi
Kesra), Luh Nyoman Dewi Triandayani
(KKIPK), Fakhrulsyah Mega (KKIPK)
Contributors tanah: asset dan akses
aceh: Azharuddin
north Sumatera: Kominta Sari Purba Menuju Sejahtera
emiskinan memang bisa pa­ ar­yang­memungkinkan­me­ e­
s
­ r
­ ­
West Java: Surahmat, Eva Patimah, Umar
di­ efinisikan­ secara­ luas,­
d ka­mengelola­asset­mereka­un­ uk­ t
­
Alam, Yudi Kurnia, Daden Sukendar,
baik­ fisik­ maupun­ non­ men­ ukupi­kebutuhan­hidup.­
c
Deden
fisik,­baik­praktis,­pragmatis­mau­ Dalam­ edisi­ perdana­ ini­ se­ ­
­
central Java: Zakaria, Gunung Wiryanto
pun­ filosofis.­ Tapi­ sebenarnya­ ngaja­ sidang­ redaksi­ me­ i­ ih­
ml
yogyakarta: Triwahyuni Suci Wulandari
be­ ang­ merah­ yang­ bisa­ ditarik­
n
­ tema­ terkait­ dengan­ perta­ ah­ n­
n
­ a
South Sulawesi: Mulyadi
dari­kemiskinan­adalah­ketiadaan­ karena­ tanah­ mem­ unyai­ fung­ i­
p
­ s
­
east nusa tenggara: Paul
asset­dan­akses.­ yang­ sangat­ strategis­ seka­ i­ us­
lg
­­
Bali: Luh Debora Murthy
Asset­ bisa­ diartikan­ sebagai­ vital­ untuk­ menang­ u­ angi­ ke­
g l
West nusa tenggara: Siti Sanisah
hak­penguasaan­terhadap­sumber­ mis­ inan.­ Selain­ itu­ dari­ bebe­
k
­
layout
da­ a­yang­tangible­seperti­tanah,­
y
­ rapa­ kasus­ sengketa­ tanah,­ yang­
KOMSENI
dan­akses­dapat­diartikan­sebagai­ me­ upakan­feno­ ena­gu­ ung­es,­
r m n
hak­masyarakat­miskin­untuk­ikut­ ter­ impan­ perma­ a­ ahan­ men­
s s l
Publisher
menentukan­alokasi­sumber­daya­ dasar­ yang­ menjadi­ bom­ wak­ u­ t
SAPA Secretariat
yang­ non­tangible­ seperti­ bi­ it­
b
­ yang­ seolah­ menunggu­ pe­ icu­m
­
Address: Jl. Kesehatan IX No. 8, Jakarta,
dan­ ternak,­ dan­ keuangan­ dan­ un­ uk­ meledakkan­ berba­ ai­
t g
­
Telephone and fax 62 21 3865213
Website: www.sapa.dev.id
Email: sapa-indonesia@googlegroups.com
1

2. Dari redaksi SAPA NEWSLETTER, EDISI 1, DESEMBER 2011
masalah­ sosial­ di­ negeri­ ini.­ struktural­melemahkan­mereka.­ tiga­ wilayah­ tersebut­ menun­
Ma­ a­ ah­ pertanahan­ juga­ sebe­
s l Seiring­ dengan­ kemampuan­ juk­ an­ bahwa­ land reform­ yang­
k
­
nar­ ya­ mencerminkan­ multi­
n
­ me­ eka­ mengorganisir­ diri­ un­
r se­ ak­ dulu­ diwacanakan­ dan­ te­
j
pro­ lem­ baik­ dari­ sisi­ ekonomi,­
b
­ tuk­ mem­ erjuangkan­ hak­ mere­
p ­
­ lah­ di­ a­ angkan­ menjadi­ pro­
c n
ke­ dilan­sosial,­budaya,­good go­
a
­ ka­atas­asset­dalam­bentuk­ta­ ah­ n
­ gram­nasional­Badan­Pertanah­ n­ a
vernance­ dan­ demokrasi.­ Sebut­ yang­dipelopori­oleh­Kinan,­ke­ i­ h Nasional,­ bukanlah­ sesuatu­ yang­
sa­ a­ satu­ masalah­ yang­ di­ ng­
j a ­ dupan­ masyarakat­ di­ perke­ un­ b ‘menakutkan’­ dan­ tidak­ masuk­
kat­dalam­salah­satu­topik,­yaitu­ an­ tersebut­ sudah­ men­ adi­ jauh­
j akal.­ Land reform­ da­ am­ bentuk­
l
per­ a­ alahan­tanah­yang­terjadi­
m
­ s lebih­ baik.­ Apalagi­ apabila­ akses­ asset­ dan­ akses­ re­ orm­ justru­
f
di­ Blitar,­ tempat­ dimana­ sang­ ter­ a­ ap­pengambilan­keputusan­
h d men­ adi­simpul­da­ i­be­ ang­per­
j
­ r n ­
­
Pro­ ­ amator­ dan­ Wakil­ Pre­ i­
k
­l s un­ uk­ alokasi­ sumber­ daya­ yang­
t masalahan­ ke­ is­ in­ n­ dan­ ke­
m ­ a
k ­
­
den­ kita­ sekarang­ lahir­ dan­ di­ in­ a­ gi­ le­ juga­ bisa­ mereka­ per­
t n b sen­ angan­ yang­ kusut­ untuk­ ke­
j
­ ­
besarkan.­Issue­pertanahan­yang­ oleh.­ Hal­ serupa­ juga­ terjadi­ di­ mu­ ian­diurai­dan­menjadi­solu­ i­
d
­ s
­
di­ isahkan­oleh­Kinan,­De­ an­Pe­
k
­ w ­
­ Ka­ u­ aten­ Garut­ dan­ Bandung­
b p tepat­untuk­mem­ er­ aya­ an­dan­
b d k
na­ ehat­ Paguyuban­ Pe­ ani­ Ar­ o­
s
­ t y di­ ana­asset­dan­akses­terhadap­
m men­ ejahterakan­masya­ akat­pe­
s
­ r
Blitar,­ tentang­ bagai­ ana­ ti­ ak­
m
­ d tanah­ diberikan­ dan­ dibuka­ se­ ta­ i­yang­miskin.
n
ber­ ayanya­ para­ pekerja­ per­ e­
d
­ k
­ ­ hingga­ masyarakat­ dapat­ lebih­ Tantangan­ yang­ harus­ diha­
bunan­yang­tadi­ ya­adalah­pe­ ilik­
n m
­ leluasa­untuk­mengatur­kehi­ up­ d dapi­ selanjutnya­ adalah­ bagai­ ­
kebun­menunjukkan­bahwa­ke­ ia­ t
­ annya­dan­membebaskan­diri­dari­ ma­ a­ mereplikasi­ upaya­upaya­
n
daan­ asset­ dan­ akses­ bisa­ di­ ki­
a ­
­ ­ masalah­kemiskinan.­ ino­ asi­ land reform,­ yang­ pada­
v
­
batkan­oleh­kebijakan­yang­se­ ara­
c
­ Cerita­ sukses­ land reform di inti­ ya­ membuka­ akses­ and­
n
­
lanDholDingS: aSSetS anD born and raised. The issue raised
by Kinan, advisor to the Association
acceSS to ProSPerity of Aryo Blitar Farmers, showed how
incapacitated the field workers felt,
who in fact were the original owners
A
definition of poverty can In this first edition of this pu- of the agricultural estate where they
be wide-ranging, because blication, the editors have selected toiled as laborers. This case shows
it encompasses both the the theme of landholdings because how non-ownership of assets and
physical and non-physical, the land ownership is not only strategic access can be a direct result of
practical, the pragmatic, and one but also vital in the effort for com- policy that by default takes away a
can even be philosophical about munities to overcome poverty. community’s power over assets.
it. In fact, the basic tenet running Often land dispute cases are like In tandem with the community’s
through a discussion on poverty is icebergs, with the larger portion capability to organize themselves to
that there is a glaring lack of assets of the problem buried out of sight, fight for their land rights with Kinan
and access to resources. Assets can creating a social time bomb waiting taking up the cudgels, life for this
include the rights over tangible to detonate. Landholding issues are community has taken a turn for
resources, such as landholdings. in fact a reflection of a multitude the better. This would be further
Access could include the rights of problems, including ones with an enhanced once they have gained
of poor communities to take part economic, social injustice, cultural, access to their rights to determine
in determining the allocation of good governance and democracy allocation of intangible resources. A
non-tangible resources such as dimension. similar situation happened in Garut
seedlings, livestock, financing and One of the topics we have and Bandung regencies, where
market decisions, which could em- taken up is the one concerning land assets and access to landholdings
power them to fulfill their own basic disputes in Blitar, the place where were opened up, enabling the
daily needs. Indonesia’s first president was communities to manage their own
2

3. SAPA NEWSLETTER, VOLUME 1, DECEMBER 2011 from the editor
mem­ eri­ an­ asset­ tanah­ kepada­
b k
­ baik­pusat­maupun­daerah,­swasta­ warning­ system­ terhadap­ per­ ­
pe­ ani­dan­masyarakat­miskin,­ke­
t
­ dan­kelompok­lainnya.­ ma­ alahan­permasalahan­ sosial­
s
­
wilayah­wilayah­ lain­ yang­ mem­ Program­ SAPA­ yang­ didu­ yang­ mungkin­ akan­ mun­ ul­ c
punyai­tanah­potensial­untuk­‘di­ kung­ oleh­ berbagai­ stakeholders­ dan­ me­ er­ ukan­ pena­ gan­ n­
m l
­ n a
bagikan’­ kepada­ petani.­ Upaya­ ber­ paya­ menjadi­ katalisator­
u
­ yang­ cepat.­ Yang­ pasti­ pe­ ang­
n
upa­ a­positif­kemitraan­yang­te­ ah­
y l agar­ good­ will­ dan­ willingness­ gu­ angan­ kemis­ inan­ me­ erlu­
l k m
diupayakan­oleh­BPN,­Pemerintah­ dari­ semua­ pihak­ terkait­ refor­ kan­ upaya­ yang­ konsis­ en­ dan­
t
Daerah,­dan­Swasta­menjadi­best ma­ agraria­ dapat­ tumbuh­ dan­ terus­ menerus.­ Banyak­ cara­ dan­
practices dan lessons learned­yang­ ter­ em­ atani­ dalam­ jeja­ ing­ ke­
j
­ b r jalan­ bisa­ ditempuh­ menuju­ ke­
perlu­ ditularkan­ seluas­luasnya­ mitraan­ yang­ saling­ meng­ n­ u
­ ­ sana,­ dan­ reforma­ agraria­ men­
un­ uk­mempercepat­pengurang­ n­
t a tung­ an.­ Upaya­upaya­ ter­ e­ ut­
k s ­b jadi­satu­kunci­sukses­untuk­me­
kemiskinan.­Yang­lebih­urgen­lagi­ diantaranya­ dengan­ mengem­ wujudkannya.­
adalah­bagaimana­melembaga­ an­k
­ bang­ an­ resource­ center­ di­ 15­
k
­ Selamat­membaca.
pola­pola­ kemitraan­ yang­ telah­ kabu­ aten/kota­ sebagai­ basis­
p
­
terbukti­ efektif­ meningkatkan­ data­ kemis­ inan­ yang­ akan­ di­
k
ke­ ejahteraan­ rakyat­ ke­ da­ am­
s
­ l per­ aya­ oleh­ pemerintah­ dae­
k
­ ­
Katiman Kartowinomo,
ke­ ijakan­ dan­ program­ peme­
b
­ rah­ masing­masing­ untuk­ mem­
Pemimpin Redaksi
rin­ ah­daerah­secara­reguler.­Jadi­
t
­ pertajam­ tar­ et­ kebijakan­ dan­
g
da­ am­ inovasi­ land reform ini
l program­dae­ ah.­Yang­lebih­pen­
r
me­ erlukan­ good will­ sekaligus­
m
­ ting­ lagi­ adalah­ resource­ cen­ er­
t
willingness to do­dari­pemerintah,­ akan­ menjadi­ salah­ satu­ early­
lives and free themselves from sector can produce best practices
poverty. and lessons learned to be spread
The success stories of land re- far and wide to reduce poverty.
form in the three areas are strong Even more urgent is the need to
evidence that the notion for land institutionalize those partnerships
ownership, long a favourite discour- that have proven effective in increas-
se of the National Land Agency is ing the prosperity of communities, poverty databases. This data can
nothing to be “scared” about, nor by the creation of policies and go- then be enhanced by the local
is it an improbable one to make it vernment programs. Land reform governments in each locale to
real. Land reform in the form of innovations urgently need good will enrich their policy targets and local
asset and access reform can in fact and political will on the part of both programs. More importantly, the
be the central solution to poverty local and the central governments, resource centers can act as an early
alleviation and social gaps, and it as well as actors in the private sector warning system for social problems
can empower and create prosperity and NGOs. that can emerge at any moment,
for poor farming communities. The SAPA program participated needing rapid and careful handling.
The biggest challenge ahead by various stakeholders aims to be- Poverty alleviation needs consistent
is replicating the innovative efforts come a catalisator for goodwill and and constant efforts. There are
for land reform, the central point willingness of all parties involved many roads and avenues that can
to open up access and provision in agrarian reform. We hope this be taken, and agrarian reform is one
of land assets to farmers and poor reform will grow and create bridges of the key solutions that could lead
communities, in areas with enough between partners and networks, to the pathway of success.
land to be redistributed to farmers. and be of benefit to all. These Happy reading,
Effective partnerships created efforts include the establishment
between the National Land Agency, of resource centers in 15 cities/ Katiman Kartowinomo,
local governments, and the private regencies as the repository for Editor in Chief
3

4. Data SAPA NEWSLETTER, EDISI 1, DESEMBER 2011
I
Konversi lahan, Pembangunan
Pertanian, dan Kemiskinan di indonesia
Oleh, Yauri G.P Tetanel
ndonesia­sejak­lama­telah­mendeklarasikan­diri­ Data­ pada­ grafik,­ menunjukkan­ bahwa­ jumlah­
nya­ sebagai­ negara­ agraris.­ Hal­ ini­ tentu­ saja­ lahan­sawah­di­pulau­jawa­terus­mengalami­penurunan­
tidak­terlepas­dari­potensi­dan­kesuburan­lahan­ dibandingkan­dengan­luas­lahan­sawah­diluar­pulau­
yang­dimiliki,­akan­tetapi­juga­karena­sebagian­besar­ jawa.­ Penurunan­ lahan­ sawah­ dipulau­ jawa­ sebesar­
penduduknya­menggantungkan­mata­pencahariannya­ 10,37­ juta­ hektar­ atau­ 0,31­ %­ /­ tahun.­ Disamping­
pada­ bidang­ pertanian.­ Walaupun­ demikian,­ dalam­ masalah­alih­fungsi­lahan­sawah,­persoalan­lain­yang­
beberapa­ dekade­ terakhir­ ini,­ pembangunan­ sektor­ tidak­kalah­pentingnya­adalah­tanah­terlantar.Dalam­
pertanian­ mengalami­ ketertinggalan­ dengan­ pem­ Peraturan­ Pemerintah­ No­ 11­ Tahun­ 2010­ ­ tentang­
bangunan­sektor­lainnya.­Contoh­yang­dapat­dilihat­ Pe­ ertiban­ &­ Pendayagunaan­ Tanah­ Terlantar­ dise­
n
­
secara­kasat­mata,­adalah­tidak­adanya­keberpihakan­ butkan­bahwa­yang­dimaksud­dengan­obyek­pener­
pemerintah­ dalam­ melindungi­ alih­ fungsi­ lahan­ tiban­ tanah­ terlantar­ meliputi­ tanah­ yang­ sudah­
pertanian.­ Walaupun­ telah­ diterbitkan­ sejumlah­ diberikan­ hak­ oleh­ Negara­ berupa­ Hak­ Milik,­ Hak­
kebijakan­ dan­ regulasi­ untuk­ mencegah­ alih­ funsi­ Guna­Usaha,­Hak­Guna­Bangunan,­Hak­Pakai,­dan­Hak­
lahan­ pertanian,­ namun­ pada­ kenyataannya­ alih­ Pengelolaan,­­atau­dasar­penguasaan­atas­tanah­yang­
fungsi­ lahan­ pertanian­ terus­ meningkat­ setiap­ tidak­ diusahakan,­ ­ tidak­ dipergunakan,­ atau­ tidak­
tahunnya.­Data­BPS­menyebutkan­terjadi­alih­fungsi­ dimanfaatkan­ sesuai­ dengankeadaannya­ atau­ sifat­
lahan­pertanian­sebesar­100­ribu­hektar­per­tahun.­ ­ dan­tujuan­pemberian­hak­atau­dasar­penguasaannya.
Berikut­ ini­ adalah­ grafik­ mengenai­ perkembangan­ Data­BPN­menyebutkan­bahwa­di­Indonesia­masih­ada­
luas­lahan­sawah­di­Indonesia. sekitar­7,2­juta­hektar­tanah­terlantar.­
Alih­ fungsi­ lahan­ sawah­
di­ pulau­ jawa­ dipicu­ juga­ de­
­
ngan­ meningkatnya­ jumlah­
Grafik 1. Perkembangan Luas Lahan Sawah
pen­ uduk­ setiap­ tahun­ yang­
d
­
di Indonesia (Juta Hektar)
mem­ erikan­ tekanan­ pada­ me­
b
­
ning­ atnya­ kebutuhan­ lahan­
k
untuk­ permukiman­ mau­ un­ p
pem­ angunan­ infrasruktur­ lain­
b
­
nya.­ Meningkatnya­ alih­ fungsi­
lahan­ pertanian­ menimbulkan­
an­ aman­ yang­ serius­ terhadap­
c
ke­ ampuan­ negara­ dalam­ pe­
m
­
nye­ iaan­ pangan.­ Bahkan­ pada­
d
tahap­ tertentu,­ Indonesia­ mulai­
dianggap­ telah­ kehilangan­ ke­
daulatan­atas­pangan.­Sebut­saja­
beberapa­ komoditi­ penting­ per­
tanian­ yang­ menjadi­ konsumsi­
masyarakat­banyak­seperti­beras,­
harus­ diimpor­ dari­ negara­ lain.­
Sumber­Data­:­Luas­Lahan­&­Penggunaannya,­BPS
4

5. SAPA NEWSLETTER, VOLUME 1, DECEMBER 2011 Data
Berikut­ ini­ adalah­ beberapa­ komoditi­ penting­ yang­ nurunan­ jumlah­ penduduk­ miskin­ dari­ tahun­ ke­
harus­diimpor­Indonesia­dari­negara­lain. ta­ un,­ namun­ demikian­ jumlah­ penduduk­ mis­
h
­
kin­ yang­ tinggal­ di­ perdesaan­ masih­ cukup­ ting­ i.­g
Bah­ an­ diduga­ bahwa­ sebagian­ penduduk­ mis­ in­
k
­ k
yang­ berada­ di­ perkotaan­ merupakan­ juga­ pen­ u­ d
Tabel 1. Posisi & Rerata Volume Impor Indonesia
duk­ perdesaan­ yang­ melakukan­ urbanisasi­ un­ uk­ t
Terhadap Bahan Pangan
Beras Jagung Kedelai Daging Gula mendapatkan­ penghidupan­ yang­ lebih­ baik­ di­ per­ ­
kotaan.­Dalam­beberapa­tahun­terakhir,­pe­ e­ in­ ah­
m ­ t
r
Bahan Pangan
mulai­memfokuskan­untuk­mendorong­im­ le­ entasi­
p m
437,99 962,24 1.180,55 13,60 822,76
program­program­ penanggulangan­ ke­ iskinan­ di­
m
Rerata Volume Impor
(Ribu Ton)
13 22 11 33 2
perdesaan,­ seperti­ PNPM­ (Program­ Na­ ional­ Pem­
s
­ ­
Peringkat
Sumber­Data­:­USDA,­Grain­:­World­Markets­&­Trade.­Desember­2007­
berdayaan­ Masyarakat).­ Walaupun­ demi­ ian,­ pro­
k
­
gram–program­ penanggulangan­ ke­ is­ inan­ yang­
m k
dikutip­melalui­Harian­Kompas.
dilakukan­ belum­ sepenuhnya­ menjawab­ persoalan­
Kebijakan­ negara­ yang­ belum­ berpihak­ pada­ dasar­yang­menjadi­akar­kemiskinan­di­ ingkat­desa­
t
per­ anian­juga­berdampak­pada­aspek­lainnya­yaitu­
t
­ yaitu­masih­timpangnya­distribusi­kepe­ ilikan­dan­
m
tingkat­ penyerapan­ tenaga­ kerja­ pada­ sektor­ per­ penguasaan­ lahan.­ Hampir­ sebagian­ besar­ tenaga­
tanian.­Jumlah­tenaga­kerja­yang­bekerja­pada­sektor­ kerja­pertanian­diperdesaan­merupakan­buruh­tani­
pertanian­ menunjukkan­ penurunan­ dari­ tahun­ ke­ atau­ penggarap­ yang­ bekerja­ dengan­ upah­ yang­
tahun­ dan­ menjadi­ salah­ satu­ faktor­ penting­ yang­ sangat­ minim.­ Kondisi­ ini­ tentu­ saja­ tidak­ bisa­ ha­
mendorong­terjadinya­urbanisasi­masyarakat­desa.­ nya­ diselesaikan­ dengan­ menginisiasi­ program­ pe­ ­
­
Penurunan­jumlah­tenaga­kerja­di­sektor­perta­ i­ n
­ nang­ ulangan­ kemiskinan,­ akan­ tetapi­ mem­ u­ uh­
g b t
an­akibat­alih­fungsi­lahan­serta­tidak­adanya­ke­ i­ ak­
bj kan­ komitmen­ dan­ kebijakan­ politik­ peme­ intah­r
an­pemerintah­yang­melindungi­produksi­hasil­perta­ yang­kon­ isten­untuk­mengakhiri­ketimpangan­yang­
s
nian­dalam­negeri­juga­menyebabkan­dam­ ak­serius­
p ber­ e­ anjangan­ pada­ sektor­ pertanian.­ Berikut­ ini­
k
­ p
dalam­penanggulangan­kemiskinan.­Kecen­ erungan­
d
­ adalah­ gambaran­ mengenai­ perkembangan­ kondisi­
yang­ terjadi­ selama­ ini­ memang­ menunjukkan­ pe­ kemis­ inan­di­tingkat­perkotaan­dan­pedesaan.
k
Grafik 2. Perkembangan Jumlah Penduduk Miskin di Perdesaan & Perkotaan (Dalam Juta Jiwa).
Sumber­:­Data&­Informasi­Kemiskinan­BPS
5

6. Data SAPA NEWSLETTER, EDISI 1, DESEMBER 2011
land conversion, agrarian Development,
and Poverty in indonesia
By Yauri G.P Tetanel
I
ndonesia for quite a long time now has referred to The graph shows that the number of paddyfields in
itself as an agrarian country. This of course relates Java is on the decline (10.37 million hectares, or 0.31 per
very much to the country’s fertile soil and land cent per year) in comparison to figures of land devoted
potential. But it also refers to the fact that a major to paddyfields outside of Java. Besides the matter of
portion of the population depends on agriculture for shifting of land function, another issue which is just as
their livelihood. It is ironic then that in the past few serious is that of fallow land.Government Regulation No.
decades, agrarian development is lagging far behind 11, 2010 governing Order and Utilization ofFallow Land
when compared to progress enjoyed by other sectors. statesthat fallow lands to be put in order include plots
An outstanding case in point is the fact that the furnished with rights bestowed by the State in the form
government provides practically no protection against of Right of Ownership,Right of Livelihood Utilization,
shifts in the usage of agrarian land. Even though policies Right toBuild Upon, Right to Use, and Right to Manage,
and regulations exist in abundance to waylay alteration or basic power over plots not managed for business,
of agrarian land functions, the reality is, agrarian land not utilized, or land not made use of in line with its
continues to decrease as years go by. Data by the Bureau condition or characteristics or the aim of the rights and
of Statistics show that these shifts occur to the tune of basic power over bestowedby the State.Datafrom the
100 thousand hectares per year. Follows is a graph of Bureau of Statistics show that some 7.2 million hectares
paddyfield development in Indonesia. of land are left fallow, or not made good use of.
Graph 1. Paddy-Field Development in Indonesia
Source: Land Size and Its Usage, Bureau of Statistics
6

7. SAPA NEWSLETTER, VOLUME 1, DECEMBER 2011 Data
Shifts in usage of agrarian land on the island of The decline in numbers of the workforce in the
Java is triggered by yearly population increases which agriculture sector is a direct result of changes in land
create huge demands for housing areas and other types usage, as well as the fact that the government pro-
of infrastructure. This shift in agrarian land usage has vides no protective policies towards domestic agri-
created major pressures on the country’s ability to culture products. This in turn has created serious
ensure food security. On a certain level, Indonesia is now poverty challenges. Statistics show that even though
perceived as having lost its food sovereignity. Several poor communities are on the decline in Indonesia, the
staple agricultural commodities, such as rice, now has to number of poor populations in villages are still quite
be imported. Follows is a graph that shows important high.
staples that Indonesia imports from other countries. It is estimated that figures for portions of the poor
in urban centers are also the self-same figures for
Table 1. Position and Average Food Import Volumes poor communities in villages who have migrated to
by Indonesia the city to seek out better livelihoods. In recent years,
the government has focused on poverty alleviation
Husk
Food Type Rice
Corn
Soy Meat Sugar programs, such as the PNPM (the National Community
Average Import 437,99 962,24 1.180,55 13,60 822,76
Empowerment Program) in village areas. Yet, these
Volumes
programs have not touched on the inherent cause
(in thousand 13 22 11 33 2 of poverty at the village level, i.e. the glaring gaps in
Tons) Levels
distribution of ownership and access to landholdings.
Source: USDA, Grain: World Markets & Trade, Dec. 2007, quoted by A big number of the agricultural workforce in villages
Kompas daily
are field labourers or hired help who work for a very
basic minimum wage.
Policies that do not support growth in the agriculture This state of affairs obviously cannot be solved
sector also have impact on another aspect, that of the by a mere initiation of poverty alleviation programs.
absorption of people working in that sector. Statistics They need real commitment and consistent goverment
show a definite decline on the numbers of people policies to end longstanding gaps in the agriculture
working in agriculture through the years, and this is sector. Follows is a graph on the development of poverty
one of the main factors behind the migration of village growth in urban centers and villages.
communities to urban centers.
Graph 2. Development of Poor Populations in Villages and Urban Centers (in millions)
Source: Poverty Data and Information, Bureau of Statistics
7

8. Data SAPA NEWSLETTER, EDISI 1, DESEMBER 2011
Setelah­berhasilnya­ujicoba­SID­di­berbagai­desa­
ter­ ebut,­ se­ arang­ CRI,­ IDEA­ (Institute­ for­ Deve­
s k
apa Manfaat
lop­ ent­ and­ Economic­ Ana­ ysis,­ Yogyakarta)­ dan­
m l
­
Sistem informasi Desa (SiD)
FORMASI­(Forum­Masyarakat­Sipil,­Kebu­ en),­seba­
m
Gagasan­pengembangan­Sistem­Informasi­Desa­(SID)­ gai­bagian­dari­SAPA,­be­ erjasama­untuk­se­ ara­ber­
k c
Sejarah SID
yang­ di­ pe­ asikan­ oleh­ perangkat­ desa­ pertama­
o r tahap­membangun­SID­di­selu­ uh­desa­di­Kabupaten­
r
kali­ muncul­ di­ ta­ un­ 2008­ di­ Desa­ Terong­ di­ Ban­
h Gunung­ Kidul­ dan­ Kebumen.­ Untuk­ tahap­ pertama,­
tul,­Yogyakarta.­Pemerintah­desa­ingin­membangun­ di­ Gunung­ Kidul­ SID­ di­ angun­ di­ Desa­ Nglegi­ dan­
b
­
sis­ em­ layan­ n­ publik­ di­ desa­ yang­ baik,­ leng­ ap,­
t a k Girikarto.­Kedua­desa­tersebut­di­ ilih­menjadi­loka­
p
dan­ cepat­ berdasarkan­ data­ berbasis­ computer­ si­awal­pe­ gem­ angan­SID­karena­disana­IDEA­dan­
n b
yang­ aku­ at.­ Pemerintah­ Desa­ Terong,­ yang­ telah­
r
­ PKM­(Peningkatan­Ke­ er­ ayaan­Masyarakat),­da­ am­
b
­ d l
menge­ al­ COM­ INE­ Resource­ Institution­ (CRI)­
n
­ B kerangka­program­SAPA,­telah­mem­ asilitasi­dilaku­
f
me­ a­ ui­ pengelolaan­ jaringan­ radio­ komu­ itas­ di­
l l
­ ­ n kannya­Ana­ isis­Kemiskinan­Desa­Parti­ ipatif­(AKDP).­
l s
Yogyakarta,­ me­ inta­ bantuan­ NGO­ tersebut­ untuk­
m AKPD­kemudian­diintegrasikan­ke­dalam­SID­supaya­
mem­ angun­ sistem­ infor­ asi­ pengelolaan­ sumber­
b m perencanaan­dan­pengambilan­keputusan­desa­bisa­
daya­komunitas.­ responsif­terhadap­kebutuhan­orang­miskin.
SID­di­Desa­Terong­mulai­ di­ a­ gun­ pada­perte­
b n
ngah­ n­tahun­2009.­Pada­akhir­tahun­2011­ini,­SID­
a
te­ ah­ diuji­ obakan­ di­ sejumlah­ desa­ di­ Yogyakarta,­
l c SID­mempunyai­tiga­basis­data­utama,­yakni­basis­data­
Apa isi SID
Jawa­tengah,­Jawa­Timur,­dan­Jawa­Barat,­me­ iputi: l kependudukan­desa,­basis­data­keuangan­desa,­dan­
basis­data­sumber­daya­desa.­Basis­data­kependudukan­
•­ Bantul,­Yogyakarta­­ :­ 3­desa desa­ adalah­ bagian­ pertama­ yang­ dibangun­ untuk­
•­ Gunungkidul,­Yogyakarta­­ :­ 2­desa menjadi­data­dasar­yang­bisa­dijadikan­rujukan­bagi­
•­ Klaten,­Jawa­Tengah­­ :­ 8­desa pengembangan­data­dan­informasi­lainnya.­Basis­data­
•­ Magelang,­Jawa­Tengah­­ :­ 2­desa kependudukan­ ini­ menyimpan­ data­ dasar­ keluarga­
•­ Temanggung,­Jawa­Tengah­:­ 1­desa yang­ mencakup­ data­ kependudukan­ berdasarkan­
•­ Pacitan,­Jawa­Timur­­ :­ 1­desa data­ Kartu­ Keluarga­ (KK)­ dan­ data­ individu­ per­
•­ Tasikmalaya,­Jawa­Barat­­ :­ 1­desa Nomor­Induk­Kependudukan­(NIK).­
What a village information mid-2009. By the end of 2011, the SID had already been
tried and tested on a number of villages in Yogyakarta,
System (SiD) is for Central Java, East Java and West Java, covering:
History of SID
Bantul, Yogyakarta : 3 villages
The notion to develop a Village Information System (SID) Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta : 2 villages
operated by the village administration was first sounded Klaten, Jawa Tengah : 8 villages
out in 2008 at the Terong Village in Bantul, Yogyakarta. Magelang, Jawa Tengah : 2 villages
Village administrations had a dire need to establish good Temanggung, Jawa Tengah : 1 villages
public service systems that were comprehensive and Pacitan, Jawa Timur : 1 villages
rapid, and ones that used accurate computer-based Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat : 1 villages
data. The Terong Village administration, already familiar
with the Combine Resource Institution (CRI) through After a successful SID trial run in all those villages,
a community radio network project in Yogyakarta, CRI, the Institute for Development and Economic Ana-
requested NGO assistance to push through the idea of lysis (IDEA) in Yogyakarta, and the Forum for Civil So-
establishing a community resource information mana- ciety (Formasi) in Kebumen, members of SAPA, are now
gement system. working together in steps to form SID in all the villages
SID in Terong Village began to be established in throughout the Gunung Kidul and Kebumen Regencies.
8

9. SAPA NEWSLETTER, VOLUME 1, DECEMBER 2011 Data
Data­ dalam­ SID­ dapat­ diolah­
secara­ statistik­ dan­ juga­ dapat­
dijadikan­ data­ dasar­ pengolah­ n­
a
dokumen.­Catatan­bukti­kegiatan­
ad­ inistrasi­ dan­ keuangan­ di­
m
­
ting­ at­desa­terekam­pula­dalam­
k
sis­ em­ ini.­ Kegiatan­ urusan­ ke­
t
­
uang­ n­ desa­ yang­ bersifat­ ha­
a
­
rian,­ bulanan,­ dan­ tahunan­ da­
pat­ disimpan­ dan­ dipanggil­
kem­ ali­ datanya­ dalam­ format­
b
­
stan­ ard­ yang­ telah­ diatur­ oleh­
d
pe­ erintah­ kabupaten.­ Modul­
m
ke­ angan­ dalam­ aplikasi­ SID­ ini­
u
da­ at­ mencetak­ secara­ langsung­
p
la­ or­ n­ kas­ buku­ kecil­ sebagai­
p a Staf­Pemerintah­Kabupaten­Bangka­Barat­berkunjung­ke­Desa­Terong­di­Bantul­untuk­
buk­ i­ transaksi­ keuangan­ desa­
t mempelajari­SID.
hingga­jurnal.­ Staf of West Bangka District Government visited Terong village in Bantul to learn about Village
Information System (SID).
dilakukan­oleh­pemerintah­desa­dengan­bantuan­tim­
Siapa yang mengumpulkan dan melakukan
Data­awal­SID­Terong­dibangun­de­ gan­mengguna­
n
­ Karang­Taruna­selama­3­minggu.­Untuk­selanjutnya,­
updating data?
kan­ hasil­ sur­ ei­ Data­ Dasar­ Keluarga­ –­ Profil­ Desa­
v
­ proses­pengelolaan­data­dan­update­data­dilakukan­
yang­ diterbitkan­ oleh­ Ke­ enterian­ Dalam­ Negeri­
m oleh­ staf­ pemerintah­ Desa­ Terong.­ Sekarang­ SID­
di­awal­tahun­2010­yang­merupakan­ker­ asama­an­
j Desa­ Terong­ sudah­ bisa­ diakses­ melalui­ internet­ di­
tara­ pemerintah­ desa­ dengan­ lembaga­ masyarakat­ http://terong­bantul.web.id.­ Se­ ang­ SID­ Nglegi­ dan­
d
desa­ seperti­ dusun,­ RT,­ dan­ Karang­ Taruna.­ Proses­ Girikarto­ bisa­ di­ kses­ di­ http://nglegi.sidesa.co.cc­
a
input­data­1605­Ke­ ala­Keluarga­(KK)­ke­dalam­SID­
p dan­http://girikarto.sidesa.co.cc.
At the beginning, the Gunung Kidul SID was established in on their Population Central Number (NIK).
the villages of Nglegi and Girikarto. The two villages were Data in SID can be crunched statistically, and can
selected because it was there that IDEA and Association also be used as basic data to organize documents. Ad-
of Community Empowerment (ACE), as part of SAPA ministrative and fiscal village documents are recorded
Program, facilitated a Participatory Village Poverty Ana- into the system. Fiscal activity of the village, from the
lysis, or AKDP. This AKPD was later on integrated into the daily, monthly and yearly records can be filed and retrie-
SID, to ensure all village planning and decisionmaking ved in standard format as organized by the regency ad-
were responsive to the needs of the poor. ministration. Financial modules when applying SID can
be printed directly into the ledgers as proof of monetary
What Are SID’s Contents? transactions right up to when they are recorded in the
SID contains three main databases, i.e. the village village’s journal.
population figures, the village’s fiscal database, and
information on the village’s resources. The village Who compiles and updates data for SID?
population database was the first part to be established Initial Terong village SID data was constructed using
to become the basic data for reference when creating survey results on Basic Family Data from the Village
further databases and information systems. Population Profile published by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in
data covered basic family data including population early 2010, a joint-program between village adminis-
details, family data, and data on the individuals based trations and village agencies, including hamlets, RT and
9

10. Data SAPA NEWSLETTER, EDISI 1, DESEMBER 2011
Update­data­dilakukan­ber­ arengan­dalam­fung­ i­
b s juga­akan­bisa­memanfaatkan­SID­untuk­menentukan­
SID­untuk­pelayanan­publik.­Setiap­hari­dalam­pro­ es­
s prioritas­dan­penyaluran­program­pro­ ram­mereka.­
g
pelayanan­publik­kepada­warga­desa,­staf­peme­ in­ ah­
r t Dengan­ demikian,­ program­program­ mereka­ akan­
desa­akan­ selalu­ menerima­ update­ perubahan­ atau­ lebih­ sesuai­ dengan­ kebutuhan­ masya­ akat­ desa,­
r
koreksi­data­dari­warga­yang­datang­ke­kantor­desa­ terutama­penduduk­miskinnya.
untuk­melakukan­urusan­administrasi.­Perubahan,­ko­ ­ Sinkronisasi­ sistem­ juga­ akan­ memungkin­ an­k
reksi,­ dan­ pembaruan­ data­ dapat­ dilakukan­ saat­ itu­ pe­ e­ intah­kebupaten­menampilkan­berbagai­doku­
m r
­ ­ ­
juga.­Warga­dapat­melihat­hasil­update­data­itu­me­ ­
­ men­ kebijakan­ perencanaan­ dan­ penganggar­ n­ se­
a ­
lalui­satu­komputer­di­ruang­tunggu­kantor­desa­atau­ per­ i­Pagu­Indikatif­Kecamatan­(untuk­sistem­ting­ at­
t k
­
melalui­website.­Jika­ada­data­yang­salah,­warga­da­ at­
p kecamatan)­ dan­ Pagu­ Indikatif­ SKPD­ yang­ berbasis­
melaporkannya­secara­langsung­atau­melalui­sms. Dinas­ (untuk­ sistem­ tingkat­ kabupaten).­ SID­ juga­
akan­ menawarkan­ sistem­ sms­ gateway­ yang­ me­ ­
mung­ inkan­ warga­ untuk­ mengirimkan­ data­ hasil­
k
Tim­Koordinasi­Penanggulangan­Kemiskinan­Daerah­ moni­ oring­ yang­ mereka­ lakukan­ sendiri­ terha­ ap­
t
­ d
Apa manfaat SID
(TKPKD)­Gunung­Kidul­sangat­mengapresiasi­inovasi­ pro­ ram­program­ pembangunan­ yang­ ada.­ Sistem­
g
SID­ dan­ mempersilahkan­ data­ tersebut­ digunakan­ informasi­ interaktif­ pengembangan­ SID­ saat­ ini­ se­
sebagai­ dasar­ pelaksanaan­ program­ daerah­ di­ dua­ dang­ terus­ dikembangkan­ dalam­ sebuah­ sistem­
desa­ tersebut.­ Rencananya,­ SID­ akan­ diagregasikan­ online­di­alamat­ http://lumbungkomunitas.net.­Keber­
dengan­ sistem­ yang­ ada­ di­ tingkat­ kecamatan­ dan­ ada­ n­ sistem­ yang­ interaktif­ ini­ dapat­ mendorong­
a
kabupaten.­ Sistem­ ini­ tidak­ hanya­ memungkinkan­ terlak­ ananya­ program­ pengentasan­ kemiskinan­
s
pemerintah­ yang­ lebih­ tinggi­ untuk­ memonitor­ yang­efektif­dan­efisien.
proses­yang­terjadi­di­tingkat­desa,­tapi­setiap­Dinas­
Karang Taruna. Data input processing of 1605 Heads of towards the SID innovation, and has allowed their data
Households into the SID was conducted by the village to be used as the base for implementation of regional
administration with the help of Karang Taruna members programs in the two villages. According to plan, SID
for three weeks. In the next step, data management will be aggregated into the Sub-district and Regency
and updating will be carried out by administrative staff systems. The system does not only make it possible
of Terong Village. The Terong Village SID can now be for higher offices to monitor processes occurring on
accessed on http://terong-bantul.web.id. Nglegi and the ground at village level, it also provides inputs for
Girikarto SID can be accessed on http://nglegi.sidesa. each Government Agency to examine priority issues
co.cc and http://girikarto.sidesa.co.cc. and decide appropriate programs. Finally, programs
Data updates can be carried out in tandem with created will be responsive to the community’s needs,
the SID function of servicing the public. Each day in the in particular the needs of the poor in that community.
process of servicing the village public, village adminis- Synchronization of the system will also make it
tration staff will keep on receiving alterations or data possible for Regency Administration to present policy
corrections from village members visiting their office. and budgeting documents such as the Sub-district
These alterations and corrections can be done right there Budget Platform and the SKPD Budget Platforms. SID
and right away. The community can see the updates as can also offer a gateway equipped with short messaging
they are processed into the computer in the waiting system that would make it possible for community
room of the office, or on the website. Incorrect data members to send personal monitoring results on
can be reported directly or through short messaging existing development programs. Interactive information
texts using cell phones. systems to develop SID are currently being designed
into an online system on http://lumbungkomunitas.net.
Why SID is Needed The existence of an interactive system can really push
The Local Poverty Alleviation Coordination Team forward the implementation of effective and efficient
(TKPKD) of Gunung Kidul has shown much appreciation poverty alleviation programs.
10

11. J
SAPA NEWSLETTER, VOLUME 1, DECEMBER 2011 inovasi
Kerjasama Multi Pihak dalam Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria:
Sebuah Jalan Keluar Baru dalam Penanggulangan
Kemiskinan di Kabupaten garut dan Bandung
awa­Barat­sebagian­besar­penduduknya­ber­ ata­m
pen­ aharian­sebagai­petani,­sehingga­ke­ ika­dari­
c t nerima­ manfaat­ terhadap­ sumber­sumber­ eko­ omi­ n
reform­merupakan­proses­penyediaan­akses­bagi­pe­
tahun­ke­tahun­luas­tanah­garapan­se­ akin­ber­
m dan­politik­serta­partisipasi­ekonomi­politik,­modal,­
kurang,­isu­kepemilikan­tanah­menjadi­topik­ha­ gat.­n pasar,­ teknologi,­ pendampingan,­ peningkatan­ ka­ a­ p
Disinyalir,­semakin­banyak­orang­menjadi­miskin­ka­ sitas­ dan­ kemampuan­ yang­ memungkinkan­ petani­
rena­tidak­lagi­memiliki­lahan­untuk­di­ arap.­Mereka­
g untuk­ mengembangkan­ tanahnya­ sebagai­ sumber­
yang­ dahulu­ petani­ pemilik­ sawah,­ beralih­ menjadi­ ke­ idupan.­Asset reform­tanpa­diikuti­access reform
h
­
buruh­tani­atau­petani­peng­ a­ ap.­Di­daerah­daerah­
g r tidak­ akan­ berhasil­ membuat­ petani­ keluar­ dari­
se­ erti­ Kabupaten­ Garut­ dan­ Ban­ ung,­ kemiskinan­
p d kemiskinan.­ Sebaliknya,­ asset reform­ yang­ diikuti­
ti­ ak­dapat­terlepas­dari­ma­ a­ ah­kepemilikan­tanah.­
d s l dengan access reform­akan­menjadi­jalan­keluar­ba­
Maka­ketika­Pemerintah­me­ geluarkan­program­re­
n gi­petani­untuk­keluar­dari­kemiskinan­,­seperti­yang­
forma­ agraria­ yang­ merupakan­ perpaduan­ antara­ terjadi­di­Kabupaten­Garut­dan­Bandung.Sesung­ uh­ g
asset reform dan access reform,­ disambut­ baik­ oleh­ nya,­reforma­agraria­bukanlah­sesuatu­yang­baru­yang­
se­ ua­pihak,­utamanya­petani­tanpa­tanah.­
m dapat­ dikategorikan­ sebagai­ sebuah­ inovasi.­ Te­ api­
t
Asset reform yang­merupakan­penataan­kem­ ali­ b re­ orma­agraria­menjadi­sebuah­inovasi­ketika­dalam­
f
penguasaan,­ kepemilikan,­ penggunaan­ dan­ peman­ pelak­ anaannya­ menggunakan­ dan­ melahirkan­ me­
s
fa­ tan­ tanah­ berdasarkan­ hukum­ dan­ peraturan­
a
­ tode­baru­yang­mendatangkan­keberhasilan.­
per­ ndang­undangan­ pertanahan,­ mencakup­ re­ is­
u
­ d Dalam­ reforma­ agraria­ saat­ ini,­ ia­ tidak­ hanya­
tri­ usi­ tanah­ dan­ legalisasi­ aset.­ Sedangkan­ access
b
­ sekedar­asset reform,­tetapi­juga­diikuti­access reform.­
Working Together to Implement Agrarian Reform:
innovations in Poverty alleviation in garut and Bandung
A
large portion of the population in West Java political resources, giving them access to capital, the
relies on farming for their livelihood. This market, technology, assistance, capacity building, and
makes the issue of ever-decreasing landholdings participation in political economy, and increasing their
over the years a hot topic for discussion. Many people capability to develop land as their source of livelihood.
became destitute for no longer having land to farm Asset reform without access reform is of no use to
on. Many former paddy-field owners had to become farmers embroiled in poverty.
field laborers, working on land owned by other parties. On the other hand, the combination of the two re-
In areas such as Garut and Bandung, poverty is very forms has provided a way out of destitution for farm-
much related to the issue of land ownership. Thus, when ers in Garut and Bandung. Agrarian reform, of course,
the government declared an agrarian reform program, is nothing new, and cannot even be dubbed as inno-
i.e. a combination of asset reform and access reform, vative. But it is innovation if in its implementation,
the move was applauded by stakeholders, especially new methodologies are enacted with successful end
landless farmers. results.
Asset reform, which is a reorganization of owner- The current agrarian reform program does not
ship and the right of use over land based on law and only deal with the issues of assets and access, it also
by-laws, also includes redistribution of land and lega- involves all stakeholders, encompassing the central and
lization of assets. Access reform is the process of local governments, the private sector and NGOs, and of
providing beneficiaries an access to economic and course the landless farmers.
11

12. inovasi SAPA NEWSLETTER, EDISI 1, DESEMBER 2011
Dalam­ pelaksanaannya­ pun­ melibatkan­ seluruh­ Potret­ keberhasilan­ petani­ (dan­ buruh­ per­ e­
k
pihak,­tidak­hanya­pemerintah­(pusat­atau­daerah),­ bunan)­ yang­ mem­ eroleh­ kombinasi­ asset reform
p
tetapi­juga­swasta­dan­lembaga­swadaya­masyarakat,­ dan access reformdalam­bentuk­tanah,­modal­(tidak­
serta­ masyarakat­ penerima­ tanah­ (petani­ tanpa­ hanya­be­ upa­uang),­dan­ketrampilan­me­ alui­peng­
r l
tanah).­ Keterlibatan­ multi­ pihak­ ini­ membutuhkan­ organisasian­yang­di­ akukan­oleh­LSM,­dapat­dilihat­
l
koordinasi­satu­dengan­lainnya,­agar­reforma­agraria­ di­Kabupaten­Garut­dan­Bandung.­
dapat­berjalan­dengan­baik.­Maka­pembagian­peran­ Di­Desa­Sagara,­Kecamatan­Cibalong,­Kabu­ aten­
p
masing­masing­ menjadi­ sebuah­ keharusan.­ Secara­ Garut, buruh­perkebunan­yang­menjadi­sasaran­pe­
umum,­ pembagian­ peran­ yang­ terjadi­ adalah:­ BPN­ lak­ anaan­ reforma­ agraria­ berhasil­ meningkatkan­
s
berperan­dalam­proses­asset reform­(redistribusi­dan­ taraf­ hidupnya­ secara­ signifikan.­ Sebelum­ memiliki­
legalisasi­tanah),­ada­kalanya­swasta­juga­berperan­ tanah­ (kebun­ karet),­ mereka­ bekerja­ sebagai­ bu­
dalam­asset reform,­yakni­ketika­memberikan­tanah­ ruh­ perkebunan­ dengan­ upah­ per­ bulan­ sebesar­
mereka­untuk­diredistribusikan.­Pemerintah­Daerah­ 220.000­ rupiah.­ Setelah­ memperoleh­ tanah­ seluas­
dan­LSM­lebih­banyak­berperan­dalam­access reform, rata­rata­ 1­ hektar­ per­ kepala­ keluarga­ dan­ ta­ a­
n
walaupun­ dalam­ lingkup­ kegiatan­ yang­ berbeda.­ m­ n­ karet,­ pendapatan­ mereka­ per­ bulan­ men­ a­
a c
Pemerintah­Daerah­berperan­dalam­pemberian­mo­ pai­ 7.000.000­ rupiah.­ Tentunya,­ mereka­ dibekali­
dal­serta­peningkatan­kapasitas­dan­keahlian­dalam­ dengan­ ketrampilan­ dalam­ mengelola­ per­ ebunan­
k
rangka­ membuka­ akses­ ekonomi­ bagi­ petani­ pe­ e­
n karet­ dan­ juga­ pemasarannya.­ Peme­ intah­ Daerah­
r
rima­ tanah.­ LSM­ berperan­ da­ am­ pengorganisasian­
l dan­ Lembaga­ Swadaya­ Masyarakat­ bekerjasama­
dan­pe­ ingkatan­kapasitas­petani,­se­ ingga­mereka­
n h dalam­ pengorganisasian­ buruh­ dan­ peningkatan­
mampu­mengelola­modal­yang­akan­mereka­terima­ kemampuan­dan­ketrampilan­mereka.­
bersamaan­dengan­pemberian­tanah.­
Obviously, this involvement of multi-stakeholders In the village of Sagara, Cibalong, in Garut, we
needs thorough coordination to ensure that reform is now can find field laborers beneficiaries of agrarian
carried out well. Each party has their own well-defined reform who have improved the quality of their lives
role. And so the National Land Agency, and in certain significantly. Before obtaining ownership of their rubber
cases the private sector, take care of asset reform when plantation land, they had been workers earning monthly
divvying out their land for redistribution. salaries of Rp 220,000 (just a little under USD 25). After
Meanwhile, local governments and NGOs are more receiving rubber saplings and land to the amount of
involved in access reform, though both holding differing one hectare per household, their income multiplied to
roles. While the local administrations provide capital Rp 7,000,000 (almost USD 800) per month. They were
and expertise to open up economic access to program also given trainings in plantation management and
beneficiaries, NGOs help farmers to organize themselves marketing techniques. The local government and NGOs
and assist in capacity building so that farmers can had worked closely together to organize these workers
manage their assets and landholdings well once they to enhance their capacity and provide them with the
have received them. Portraits of successful farmers and skills they needed.
field laborers, beneficiaries of a combination of assets In Bandung regency, coordination and division of
and access reforms being enacted in the form of provision stakeholder roles were key to the success of agrarian
of land and capital (though not necessarily financial), reform in the village of Cipelah. Local Government
and increased capacity organized by NGOs, can now be Departments, known as SKPD, defined each of their
observed in the Bandung and Garut areas. roles and coordinated with other SKPDs, ensuring that
12

13. SAPA NEWSLETTER, VOLUME 1, DECEMBER 2011 innovation
Di­Kabupaten­Bandung,­koordinasi­dan­pem­ agian­
b Melalui­ program­ reforma­ agraria­ (asset reform)­
peran­para­pihak­menjadi­kunci­keberhasilan­reforma­ sebanyak­200­KK­memperoleh­sertifikat­tanah­ru­ ah­ m
agraria­ di­ Desa­ Cipelah.­ Pembagian­ peran­ SKPD­ tinggal­mereka.­Selain­itu,­tanah­yang­diobyek­reforma­
(Satuan­ Kerja­ Pemerintah­ Daerah)­ dan­ koordinasi­ agraria­ dialokasikan­ untuk­ pertanian­ dan­ pem­ a­ b
antar­ SKPD­ berjalan­ dengan­ baik,­ sehingga­ tanah­ ngun­ n­fasiltias­umum.­Dengan­demikian,­tanah­yang­
a
seluas­ 84,2­ hektar­ berhasil­ diredistribusi­ ke­ ada­
p sebelumnya­hanya­menjadi­lahan­tidur­dapat­diman­
petani­penggarap­yang­sebelumnya­menggarap­tanah­ faatkan­untuk­menanggulangi­kemiskinan.
yang­ dikuasai­ oleh­ PT­ Millenia­ Indonesia­Cibuni­ Jika­ berjalan­ dengan­ baik,­ reforma­ agraria­ yang­
Estate.­ Beberapa­ SKPD­ yang­ terlibat­ dan­ bentuk­ memadukan­ antara­ asset reform dan access reform
keterlibatannya­dapat­dilihat­dalam­tabel­berikut: dapat­menjadi­sebuah­alternatif­solusi­dalam­upa­ a­ y
penanggulangan­ kemiskinan.­ Keberhasilan­ pe­ ak­ l
sanaan­ reforma­ agraria­ membutuhkan­ keter­ i­ atan­
lb
seluruh­pihak,­baik­Pemerintah­(Pusat­dan­Daerah),­
swasta,­ maupun­ LSM,­ dan­ tentunya­ masya­ akat­ r
No SKPD Progam Kegiatan
1 BKP3 Desa­Mandiri­Pangan
2 Distanhutbun Penyediaan­bibit­budi­daya­tanaman yang­ menjadi­ sasaran­ program.­ Karena­ melibatkan­
3 Diskoperindag Pelatihan­koperasi banyak­pihak,­maka­koordinasi­dan­sinergi­para­pihak­
4 BPMPD Alokasi­Dana­Desa­(ADD) menjadi­sebuah­keharusan.
5 Dinas­SEDAPE Infrastruktur­Irigasi
6 Disnakan Penyediaan­bibit­ternak­domba/kelinci
7 Kepala­Desa Alokasi­Dana­Desa­
84.2 hectares of land were successfully redistributed In this agrarian reform program, 200 households
among farmers formerly working on land managed by received certificates for their homes and land of abode.
PT Millenia Indonesia-Cibuni Estate. SKPDs and their Land dedicated to the reform was allocated for farming
forms of involvement can be glanced at in the following and public amenities infrastructure. Thus, plots of land
table: formerly lying fallow are now being utilized to overcome
poverty.
SKPD (Local Govern- If all goes well, agrarian reform combining the con-
No Program Activity
ment Department) cepts of asset reform and access reform can be a solution
1 BKP3 Village Food Sovereignity in the effort to alleviate poverty. Success in this endeavor
Forest, Farming and Provision of horticulture see-
would need the involvement of all concerned, including
2 local and national government administrations, the
Plantation Office dlings
Cooperatives, Industri-
private sector, NGOs, and of course the communities
3 Cooperatives training targeted in the programs. As a multi-stakeholder effort,
es and Trade Office
solid coordination and synergy among the parties should
4 BPMPD Village Fund Allocation (ADD)
be an imperative.
5 Dinas SEDAPE Irrigation Infrastructure
Animal Husbandry Of- Provision of sheep and rabbit
6
fice livestock starters
7 Village Head Village Fund Allocation
13

14. Stakeholder’s opinion SAPA NEWSLETTER, EDISI 1, DESEMBER 2011
S
tersebut.­ Kegiatan­ reforma­ agraria­ di­ Jateng­ telah­
Dodi Kholid imron menampakkan­ hasil­ yang­ dapat­ mem­ erikan­ jalan­
b
keluar­ dari­ permasalahan­ kemis­ inan­ yang­ ber­
k
sumber­ pada­ ketiadaan­ aset.­ Di­ Cilacap,­ melalui­
pro­ es­ mediasi­ denganantara­ masyarakat­ dengan­
s
(Kepala Kantor Wilayah Badan Pertanahan Nasional
PT­ RSA,­ tanah­ seluas­ 284,12­ ha­ diredistribusikan­
Provinsi Jawa Tengah)
ebagai­Kepala­Kantor­Wilayah­Badan­Perta­ ah­
n ke­ ada­ 5.141­ petani­ penggarap,­ di­ Desa­ Kauripan­
p
­
an­Nasional­Provinsi­Jawa­Tengah,­Bapak­Dodi­ Kec.­ Subah­ Kabupaten­ Batang,­ melalui­ mediasi,­
Kholid­ Imron­ banyak­ berkecimpung­ dalam­ konflik­ pertanahan­ dapat­ diselesaikan,­ dan­ tanah­
reforma­ agraria,­ terutama­ karena­ di­ Jawa­ Tengah­ seluas­ 32,72­ Ha­ berhasil­ diredistribusikan­ untuk­
masalah­kemiskinan­banyak­terkait­dengan­masalah­ kurang­lebih­144­petani­penggarap,­di­Desa­Trisobo­
kepemilikan­aset.­­Dari­4.840.798­KK­miskin­di­Jawa­ Ke­ amatan­Boja­Kabupaten­Kendal,­melalui­mediasi,­
c
Tengah,­sebanyak­1,26­Juta­KK­tidak­memiliki­rumah.­ konflik­pertanahan­antara­masyarakat­dan­PT.­KAL,­
Keadaan­kemiskinan­yang­disebabkan­oleh­ketiada­ n­ a
­ dan­tanah­seluas­11,5­Ha­berhasil­diresdistribusikan­
kepemilikan­ asset­ tersebut­ mengakibatkan­ ter­ adi­
j untuk­kurang­lebih­500­petani.
nya­sengketa­dan­konflik­pertanahan­yang­sis­ emik.­
t Selain­ dalam­ bentuk­ redistribusi­ tanah,­ refor­
Data­ Tahun­ 2011­ me­ ampakkan­ jumlah­ konflik,­
n ma­agraria­secara­utuh,­yang­merupakan­per­ aduan­
p
sengketa­dan­perkara­di­Jawa­Tengah­mencapai­347­ antara­asset reform dan access reform­juga­telah­ber­
kasus,­dengan­detil­rincian:­konflik­sebanyak­5­kasus,­ hasil­ dilakukan.­ Kerjasama­ terbesar­ dalam­ rangka­
­
seng­ eta­sebanyak­102­kasus,­dan­perkara­sebanyak­
k access reform dilakukanmelalui­ MOU­ antaraKanwil­
240­kasus.­ BPN­dengan:­Pemprov.­Jawa­Tengah,­Bank­Indonesia,­
Permasalahan­ tersebutlah­ yang­ harus­ diha­ api­
d Diperindagkop,­Dinas­Peternakan,­Pemkab­Semarang,­
dan­dicarikan­jalan­keluarnya­oleh­Kanwil­Badan­Per­ PT.­SidoMuncul,­Bank­BRI,­Bank­Jateng,­PT.­Indolakto,­
tanahan­Nasional­Prov­Jateng­dibawah­kepe­ impinan­
m PT.­ Cimori,­ PT.­ Sari­ Husada,­ danPT.­ CitaNasional.­­
Bapak­ Dodi­ Kholid­ Imron.­ Reforma­ Agraria,­ yang­ Access reform­ tersebut­ diwujudkan­ dalam­ bentuk­
me­ upakan­ program­ Badan­ Pertanahan­ Nasional­
r
­ pengembangan­klaster­tanaman­obat­dan­sapi­perah/
men­ adi­jalan­keluar­yang­efektif­bagi­per­ asalahan­
j m sapi­potong.­
Dodi Kholid imron conflict, 102 cases of land disputes, and legal tussling
amounting to 240 cases.
(Head of Provincial National Land Agency, Province These cases had to be provided with solutions.
of Central Java) Agrarian Reform, a program under the National Land
Agency has been deemed as being the most effective
A
s the Central Java office Head of the National of these solutions. Agrarian Reform in Central Java has
Land Agency, Dodi Kholid Imron is very familiar been most successful in the alleviation of poverty caused
with agrarian reform issues, especially in light of by non-ownership of assets. In Cilacap, a process of
the fact that in his region, much of the issues of poverty mediation between the community and PT RSA company
are directly related to the matter of asset ownership. Of resulted in 284.12 hectares of land being redistributed
4,840,798 poor households in Central Java, 1.26 million to 5,141 landless farmers. In the village of Kauripan,
of them do not own housing. Poverty as a result of non- Subah, in Batang, mediation resulted in 32.72 hectares
ownership of assets has periodically caused systemic being redistributed to around 144 landless farmers. In
conflicts and disputes over landholdings. In 2011, 347 the village of Trisobo, Boja, Kendal, mediation between
dispute cases were recorded, covering: 5 cases of the community and PT KAL company resulted in 11.5
14

15. SAPA NEWSLETTER, VOLUME 1, DECEMBER 2011 Stakeholder’s opinion
Menyadari­ pentingnya­ peran­ dan­ keterlibatan­ Alliance for Poverty Alleviation)­ untuk­ bersama­
ba­ yak­ pihak­ selain­ pemerintah,­ Kantor­ Wilayah­
n sama­ mendorong­ partisipasi­ petani­ tidak­ bertanah­
Badan­ Pertanahan­ Propinsi­ Jawa­ Tengah­ dibawah­ dalam­ pengambilan­ keputusan­ pelaksanaan­ pilot
kepe­ im­ inan­ Bapak­ Dodi,­ bekerjasama­ dengan­
m p projectreforma­ agraria­ di­ Jawa­ Selatan.­ ­ Melalui­
pihak­swasta­dan­lembaga­swadaya­masyarakat­yang­ kerjasama­ini,­diharapkan­reforma­agraria­di­Propinsi­
peduli­dan­mem­ okuskan­kegiatannya­pada­isu­tanah.­
f ­ Jawa­Tengah­dapat­berjalan­semakin­baik,­sehingga­
Oleh­ karena­ itu,­ Kantor­ Wilayah­ Badan­ Pertanahan­ petani­ yang­ miskin­ karena­ tidak­ memiliki­ tanah­
Propinsi­ Jawa­ Tengah­ menyambut­ baik­ kerjasama­ semakin­berkurang,­dan­kesejahteraan­rakyat­sebagai­
yang­ditawarkan­oleh­KPA­(Konsorsium­Pembaruan­ tujuan­akhir­dari­reforma­agraria­dapat­tercapai.
Agraria)­melalui­kerangka­program­SAPA­(Strategic
hectares of land being redistributed to around 500 and cattle for meat products.
farmers. Realizing the importance of having a multi-stake-
Besides showing solid results in the form of holders approach including other parties beside govern-
redistribution of land, comprehensive agrarian reform, ment agencies, the Land Agency of Central Java under
which is a combination of asset reform and access Dodi worked in cooperation with the private sector
reform, has also been successfully implemented. The and NGOs committed to land issues. The Central Java
biggest joint-effort for access-reform was conducted office embraced wholeheartedly an intiative to work
under an MOU between the Head of the Land Agency closely with an Agrarian Reform Consortium (KPA) under
and the Provincial Government of Central Java; Bank the SAPA Program. Participation for non-landholding
Indonesia; the Industries, Trade and Cooperatives farmers towards the right of self-determination and
Department; Animal Husbandry Department; Regency decision making was the aim in an agrarian reform pilot
Government of Semarang; PT Sidomuncul; Bank BRI; project in Southern Java. It was hoped that the joint-
Bank Jateng; PT Indolakto; PT Cimori; PT Sari Husada effort would result in a decrease in the numbers of very
and PT Cita nasional. Access reform was created in the poor farmers, and that community prosperity could be
form of cluster development for herbs and dairy cattle increased substantially.
15

16. Stakeholder’s opinion SAPA NEWSLETTER, EDISI 1, DESEMBER 2011
P
Kinan
bekerja­sebulan­setelah­melahirkan.­Agar­buruh­tidak­
memiliki­ daya­ (kemampuan)­ untuk­ meninggalkan­
perkebunan,­ mereka­ pun­ dibatasi­ haknya­ atas­
(Dewan Penasehat Paguyuban Petani Aryo Blitar
kepemilikan­ ternak,­ untuk­ kambing­ tidak­ boleh­
(PPAB) & Presidium Paguyuban Warga Tani
lebih­dari­2­ekor,­sedangkan­untuk­sapi­hanya­boleh­
Kulonbambang)
1­ekor.­­Anak­anak­mereka­yang­telah­menyelesaikan­
erjalanan­ hidup­ Bapak­ Kinan­ adalah­ sejarah­ SMP­ nya­ pun­ tidak­ diperbolehkan­ bekerja­ keluar­
perkebunan­Kulonbambang­dan­gerakan­buruh­ perkebunan.­ Bahkan­ pilihan­ politik­ pun­ dibatasi.­ ­
perkebunan­untuk­keluar­dari­eksploitasi­yang­ Tidak­ ada­ karyawan­ yang­ diperbolehkan­ memilih­
terjadi­di­perkebunan­tersebut.Eksploitasi­buruh­di­ selain­ memilih­ partai­ politik­ yangberkuasa­ pada­
perkebunan­Kulonbambang­terjadi­dengan­masuknya­ saat­itu.­­Sanksi­bagi­yang­memiliki­pilihan­berbeda­
PT­ Sawit­ Guni­ Kawi.­ Petani­ yang­ pada­ awalnya­ adalah­ pengusiran.­ ­ Maka­ pekerjaan­ sebagai­ buruh­
memiliki­ hak­ kepemilikan­ tanah­ di­ perkebunan­ perkebunan­adalah­pekerjaan­turun­temurun.­­
Kulonbambang,­ berbalik­ menjadi­ buruh­ karena­ Diskriminasi­ yang­ dialami­ terus­ menerus,­ serta­
kepemilikan­tanah­mereka­beralih­ke­PT­Sawit­Guni­ beban­ harus­ memikul­ anggapan­ bahwa­ menjadi­
Kawi.­ ­ Masa­ ini­ ditandai­ dengan­ rendahnya­ upah­ orang­ persil­ bodoh,­ miskin­ dan­ tidak­ berdaulat,­
yang­ diterima­ oleh­ buruh,­ dan­ berbagai­ bentuk­ menimbulkan­dorongan­dalam­diri­Bapak­Kinan­untuk­
diskriminasi­ lainnya.­ ­ Pada­ tahun­ 1999,­ upah­ yang­ mulai­memperjuangkan­hak­buruh­perkebunan­agar­
diterima­adalah­3500­rupiah­per­hari,­dengan­waktu­ mereka­dapat­menjadi­pemilik­tanah­yang­memiliki­
kerja­dari­pukul­06.00­hingga­pukul­14.00.­­Karyawan­ kedaulatan.­ ­ Perjuangan­ tersebut­ tidak­ mudah,­
perempuan­ yang­ hamil,­ tetap­ harus­ bekerja­ hingga­ tantangan­datang­tidak­hanya­dari­pihak­perkebunan,­
2­ minggu­ sebelum­ waktu­ melahirkan,­ dan­ kembali­ tetapi­juga­dari­para­buruh­yang­merasa­takut.­
Kinan
field laborer received a salary of Rp 3,500 a day, with
(Member of Advisory Board Aryo Blitar Farmers
working hours from 06.00 am to 2 pm. Pregnant female
Club, member of Presidium of Kulonbambang
Farming Club workers had to work til at least two weeks before the
expected due date and were expected to return to
work one month after giving birth. To disenfranchise
K
inan’s lifestory is the history of Kulonbambang the workers, the company limited the right to ownership
Plantation and plantation worker movement of animals. One person could not own more than two
to come out from the exploitation that occurs goats, and only one head of cattle. Their children who
there. Exploitation on plantation workers started to take had reached middle school were not allowed to work
place when PT Sawit Guni Kawi entered the picture. outside the plantation. If the offspring did dare to work
The company began exploiting worker farmers. Farmers outside, the parents would be dismissed from the
who were orginally landholders of their own estate in plantation. Even their political aspirations were stunted.
Kulonbambang were turned into laborers to work the All worker farmers were to vote for the ruling party at
land now held by the company. Wholesale exploitation the time. Sanction was swift and cruel: dismissal from
was evident in the very low wages the workers received, the plantation. Work in the area then became a family
besides many other forms of discrimination. In 1999, a affair, going down from parents to offsprings.
16