In order to promote life science researches in Japan, National Bioscience Database Center(NBDC) makes databases easier to use. As one of core technology development program in NBDC, Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS) has been tackling the problem how to organize big data in lifescience including huge amount of nucleotide sequence data from next generation sequencers and various types of gene expression data. For nucleotide sequence data, we sorted out data deposited in Sequence Read Archive (SRA) for recycling those data in collaboration with DDBJ, which collaboratively holds SRA. We have been maintaining the statistics of SRA based on study types, sequencer types(platform) and species of samples by analyzing metadata of SRA, and these information is available from our DBCLS SRA website (http://sra.dbcls.jp/). Notably, we are collecting SRA entries associated with publications and diseases, and these search form is also accesible for use from DBCLS SRA website. We are also developing search engine for nucleotide sequence data by utilizing the compressed suffix array. We have developed GooGle-like search engine for RNA molecules, called GGRNA[1], and it is available for use from GGRNA website (http://ggrna.dbcls.jp/). In order to handle various types of gene expression data, we made the integrated dataset and its interface, called RefEx (Reference Expression dataset: http://refex.dbcls.jp/ ) to browse gene expression data derived from public databases by following four methods in human, mouse and rat. 1. Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) counts in EST division of INSDC(DDBJ/ENA/GenBank) 2. DNA microarray (Affymetrix GeneChip) 3. CAGE(Cap Analysis Gene Expression) tag counts around transcription start sites 4. Transcriptome sequence counts from the next generation sequencers (RNA-seq) Web interface for RefEx contains the form in which users can search by gene names, various types of IDs, chromosomal regions in genetic maps, keywords and nucleotide sequences. Gene expression values are mapped to the 3D body image in BodyParts3D[2] as well as the graphical histograms for those are available for different types of measurement methods. We will present current status of the project and utility of the system developed. [1] Naito, Y. and H. Bono (2012) GGRNA: an ultrafast, transcript-oriented search engine for genes and transcripts. Nucleic Acids Research. 40: W592-W596. [2] Mitsuhashi, N., Fujieda, K., Tamura, T., Kawamoto, S., Takagi, T. and K. Okubo (2009) BodyParts3D: 3D structure database for anatomical concepts. Nucleic Acids Research. 37: D782-D785. You can see the TogoTV version of this presentation from http://togotv.dbcls.jp/20130903.html

1. © 2013 DBCLS Licensed under CC BY 2.1JAPAN
Technology development of
database integration to
make sense of big data in
lifescience
Hidemasa Bono
Database Center for Lifescience (DBCLS)
Research Organization of Information and
Systems (ROIS), JAPAN

2. © 2013 DBCLS Licensed under CC BY 2.1JAPAN
Who we are: togoDB
• The integrated database project in Japan
• Collaborative effort to recycle data
–Provide data which can easily reuse
–Retain data which is part of ‘public data’
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TogoHeadquarters
Technology developer
DNA data archiver
Universities & institutes
Data organizer
http://biosciencedbc.jp/

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NBDC portal
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http://biosciencedbc.jp/

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http://integbio.jp/dbcatalog/

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photo by @hirabat (1st Bono Conference on 20130113 )
• No registration
• Not only for academia,
also for-profit
Free!

6. © 2013 DBCLS Licensed under CC BY 2.1JAPAN
Big data in lifescience
• Output mostly from machines
–NGS(Next Generation Sequencers)
• over 100M lines, 2Gbyte in size/sample
• Ethical issues: Personal human genome
• So many variations in...
–Data format
–Application: re-sequencing, de novo seq, RNA-seq,...
–Annotation: granularity of metadata
Pictures from Togo Picture Gallery
http://g86.dbcls.jp/togopic/
NGS(SRA)
GEO
ArrayExpress
Genome
Metagenome
RNAseq
ChIPseq microarray (GeneChip,
Oligoarray)

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Making sense of big data...
1. Exhaustive, but
functional index
3. Highly curated
dataset
2. Search engine
for lifescience
NGS(SRA)
GEO
ArrayExpress
Genome
Metagenome
RNAseq
ChIPseq microarray (GeneChip,
Oligoarray)

8. © 2013 DBCLS Licensed under CC BY 2.1JAPAN
What we have developed
1.Yellow pages for NGS data archived
http://SRA.dbcls.jp/
2.Search engine for nucleotide sequences
http://GGRNA.dbcls.jp/
3.Summarization and visualization of
reference transcriptome data
http://RefEx.dbcls.jp/
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9. © 2013 DBCLS Licensed under CC BY 2.1JAPAN
1. DBCLS SRA
• Yellow pages for NGS data archived
–Indexed by metadata. Search by....
• Statistics
• Publications
• Diseases
–Direct link to original DB(SRA)
• Pre-calculated QC data
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Search data
Download
Quality Check
Data processing
Analysis
Pipeline to help users re-use public NGS data
http://SRA.dbcls.jp/

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Statistics: studies
10http://SRA.dbcls.jp/

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Statistics: samples
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http://SRA.dbcls.jp/

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Search by publications
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Search by diseases
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Search by diseases(cont.)
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http://SRA.dbcls.jp/

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GGRNA
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•Quickly finds nucleotiode
sequence as well as other
fields in RefSeq transcripts
using suffix array
•Easily highlights PCR
primers, microarray
probes and target
sequences of siRNA
2. GooGle like RNA search
engine http://GGRNA.dbcls.jp/
Naito Y. & Bono H.
Nucleic Acids Res. (2012) 40: W592-6.
doi: 10.1093/nar/gks448

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Genome version of GGRNA? Yes, we can!
GooGle like Genome search
engine http://GGGenome.dbcls.jp/

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3. RefEx: Reference
Expression Dataset
• 40 organs dataset, 4 different methods,
with BodyParts3D
–Reference of gene expression in normal organs
throughout the mammalian body
–Practical example of reuse of useful public data
• The search for "tissue-specific genes"
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EST
Classical Expressed Sequence Tags
GeneChip
Affymetrix’s microarray
CAGE
Cap Analysis of Gene Expression
RNAseq
Transcriptome Sequencing
http://RefEx.dbcls.jp/

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http://RefEx.dbcls.jp/

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22. © 2013 DBCLS Licensed under CC BY 2.1JAPAN
What we have developed
1.Yellow pages for NGS data archived
http://SRA.dbcls.jp/
2.Search engine for nucleotide sequences
http://GGRNA.dbcls.jp/
3.Summarization and visualization of
reference transcriptome data
http://RefEx.dbcls.jp/
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are developing

23. © 2013 DBCLS Licensed under CC BY 2.1JAPAN
TogoTV
Archive of talks and tutorial videos expounding
how to use biological databases and tools
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http://togotv.dbcls.jp/en/Acknowledgement
•Members in DBCLS for technology development
•NBDC for funding/DDBJ for storage & CPU time
•All people for sharing precious data