Nano-optics for Efficient Solar Cells, Cancer Treatments, Invisibility Cloaks
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Jennifer Dionne on Stanford's Nanotechnology, presented at a LASER http://www.scaruffi.com/leonardo
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Nano-optics for Efficient Solar Cells, Cancer Treatments, Invisibility Cloaks
- 1. Lights, Nano, Action! Nano-optics for efficient solar cells, cancer treatments, and invisibility cloaks Jen Dionne Stanford University
- 2. The Dionne Group @ Stanford: Understanding and controlling molecular and nanoscale systems using light. • Can low-energy photons be efficiently harvested in solar cells? • Can small molecules be optically trapped and manipulated? • Can the structure of individual chiral proteins be optically determined? • Can objects be made invisible? Though these questions are seemingly diverse, addressing them requires new techniques to control the interaction light with matter,
- 3. What I wanted to be when I grew up:
- 4. What I wanted to be when I grew up: 1. A skating magician
- 5. What I wanted to be when I grew up: 1. A skating magician 2. A Hollywood star
- 8. What I wanted to be when I grew up: 1. A skating magician 2. A Hollywood star 3. A paranormal researcher
- 14. 1 μm=1000 nm Visible light: 400-700 nm
- 15. Compared to bulk materials, nanomaterials have very different properties Bulk silver Silver nanoparticles (~10-100 nm diameter)
- 16. Brian Baum, Dionne group @ Stanford (cover of MRS Bulletin, August 2012)
- 17. Jon Scholl, Dionne group @ Stanford
- 18. Kate Nichols, TED & UC Berkeley katenicholsstudio.com Cover of Nature, March 2012
- 19. Compared to bulk materials, nanomaterials have very different properties 2 nm CdS (‘cadmium yellow’) CdS nanocrystal
- 25. The Impact of Nano Weight: 0.5g (0.001 lbs) 2010 Cost: $100 - $150 (32 GB) Size: 11mm x 15mm x 1mm (size of a dime) 1980 (20 GB) 1 TB hard Baby grand Ford F-150 drive (~3 lbs) piano (~600 lbs) (~4500 lbs)
- 26. The Impact of Nano Weight: 0.5g (0.001 lbs) 2010 Cost: $100 - $150 (32 GB) Size: 11mm x 15mm x 1mm (size of a dime) 1980 (20 GB) Ford F-150 McLauren F1 Paul Allen’s yacht (~$30,000) (~$970,000) (~$100 million)
- 27. The Impact of Nano Weight: 0.5g (0.001 lbs) 2010 Cost: $100 - $150 (32 GB) Size: 11mm x 15mm x 1mm (size of a dime) Weight: 2,000,000 g (4400lbs) 1980 Cost: $648,000 - $1,137,600 (20 GB) Size: 70’’ x 44’’ x 32’’ (for each 2.5 GB cabinet)
- 28. 1 μm 1947: the first transistor Today: Intel quad core i7 processor (~8 billion transistors)
- 29. Tomorrow: Chip-sized supercomputers with optical computing IBM’s CMOS Integrated Silicon Nanophotonics Chip
- 30. William Adams and Richard Day – the first solar cell (Se, 1876) (below: The first solar powered battery at Bell labs, 1954)
- 31. Nanomaterials enable more light absorption in solar cells • Sunlight outside of the visible frequency range is Solar cell usually poorly absorbed by solar cells 30-50% of sun’s energy cannot be absorbed 5 % Ultraviolet 43 % Visible 52 % Infrared
- 32. Nanomaterials enable more light absorption in solar cells Solar cell Solar cell Insulator Upconverter 30-50% of sun’s energy Utilize low-energy cannot be absorbed transmitted photons 5 % Ultraviolet 43 % Visible 52 % Infrared
- 33. Cell efficiency (%) With upconverter 44 30 Solar cell 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Solar Cell bandgap (eV)
- 34. Cancer therapy with nanoparticles Y. Xia, Acc. Chem. Res 44 (2011)
- 35. Cancer therapy with nanoparticles Atwater, “The Power of Plasmonics,” Scientific American
- 36. Cloaks of Invisibility H.G. Wells (1897) nhuman=nair
- 37. Cloaks of Invisibility No object Object, no cloak Object & cloak source source source cloak object object observer observer observer Schurig, Pendry, Smith (2006)
- 38. Photorealistic images of un-natural refractive indices Adopted from Dolling, n=1.3 Optics Express 14 (2006)
- 39. Photorealistic images of un-natural refractive indices n=1
- 40. Photorealistic images of un-natural refractive indices n=0.01
- 41. Photorealistic images of un-natural refractive indices n=-1.3
- 42. Towards n=0 with ‘artificial’ atoms & molecules 25 nm 1.5 Refractive Index 1 0.5 0 500 750 1000 Wavelength
- 43. If we wish to make a new world… n=-0.41 …we have the material ready. ~R. Quillen nano Jen Dionne http://dionne.stanford.edu jdionne@stanford.edu
- 45. Photorealistic images of un-natural refractive indices n=0.5
- 46. Photorealistic images of un-natural refractive indices n=0.01
- 47. Photorealistic images of un-natural refractive indices n=-1
Notes de l'éditeur
- Team of materials scientists, physicists, chemists, and engineers…
- Instead, my dreams were pretty different.
- Grew up in RI, ice-skaing to much that even the ice seemed warm. I had the skating part down pretty well, and I’d often put on magic shows for my parents and their friends in our house. But combining the two proved to be harder than expected. Could never get down landing a double axel while pulling a rabiit out of a hat.
- Interest in performing. I actually got really close in 2003, when I got called to interview at a nearby location
- I wound up getting my PhD there, but the closest thing I experienced to being a movie star was being an extra in numbers.
- Met some science stars along the way.
- Plan C…based on my previous two aspirations, you may or may not think this was kind of a far-fetched goal. you can imagine my parent’s surprise when Ghostbusters, Unsolved mysteries, the x-files…This dream has not been abandonedUnderstanding the unseenNot readily apparent..and that’s where nanoscience comes in…probing deeper in reality to understand and control what can’t be seen, to make things
- Light interacts with nano objects. Vivid example – butterfly Wing iridescence. Browns and blacks come from pigments (molecules like melanin), but blues, greens, etc, come from microsctructureScales composed of chitin, a polymer that is a derivative of glucosescales.
- In some species, up to 12 layers of scales
- These scales are composed of chitin – basically a transparent polymer composed of glucose (or sugar). But they have have additional ridges.
- And ridges within ridges
- Spaced by dimensions on the order of the wavelength of visible light – Once I understood the “structural color” of butterflies, I developed a deep appreciation for how material properties change when they are nanoscructured.
- Why are they cool?
- Stained glass windows
- Plasmonic ButterflyDepending on their size, shape, and surrounding medium, nanoparticles of noble metals will scatter light at different wavelengths, creating brilliant colors as seen in the stained glass windows of churches. This phenomenon, known as plasmon resonances, is enabling applications from cancer treatment to solar energy collection. In this piece, silver triangular prisms approximately 20 nm in length were deposited from an aqueous solution onto a glass slide, resulting in a green color. As the water droplet dried and receded, the plasmonic nanoparticles affixed to the substrate in striations resembling a butterfly wing. The image was captured using a dark-field optical microscope which only collects the obliquely scattered light from the nanoparticles.
- Van gogh, café terrace at night
- Nano is different
- How are they made?
- How are these materials made
- Much faster speed of information travel – speed of lightMore bandwidth = more informationLower power consumption – won’t get as hot
- For poorly absorbing cell, the situation is even worse.
- For poorly absorbing cell, the situation is even worse.
- Tailor the optical properties of the upconverter for maximum absorption and radiative recombination.