Vehicle Electrification- an International Perspective
中国2010年新乘用车节油技术应用情况分析 及国际比较
1. Technology assessment of China’s new
passenger car fleet and international
comparisons
中国2010年新乘用车节油技术应用情况分析
及国际比较
Hui He, Jun Tu
国际清洁交通委员会 何卉、涂军
January 2013
4. Background 背景
§ To support China to develop § 对中国中长期轻型车油耗标
mid-to-long term fuel 准制订提供技术支持
consumption standards for
passenger cars § 中国油耗标准回顾
§ Regulatory history – 从2005年起制订并实施了
– China has been regulating new 三个阶段标准
light-duty vehicle fuel economy
since 2005. – 现行标准(第三阶段)去
– Current standards (phase 3) 年开始实施
phased in last year.
– Auto industry development plan § 节能与新能源汽车产业规划
2012-2020 sets 5L/100km 2012-2020制订了第四阶段
§ ICCT’s role: based on experience 初步目标:5升/百公里
from our US and EU technology
and cost work, we’d like to § ICCT过去几年致力于欧盟达
introduce a similar methodology 标成本曲线的研究,相似的
to China to evaluate 方法框架和模型可用于中国
technologies and costs to meet
the future targets. 。基准技术水平研究是第
一步。
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6. Technologies analyzed in this paper
主要节油技术一览及本研究涵盖的技术种类
Potential CO2 Analyzed
reduction! in this
Technologies技术类别 CO2 减排潜 report!
力 本研究涵盖!
Low friction lubrication 低阻润滑油 0.5%
Engine friction reduction 降低发动机阻力 2-4%
# Variable valve timing (and lift)可变气门正时和升程 4-6% x
# Engine# Cylinder deactivation 停缸 5-6%
# 发动机技术 Turbocharging 涡轮增压 2-5% x
# # Turbo, gasoline direct injection 增压汽油直喷 8-15% x
Powertrain# Cooled EGR, turbo, GDI 冷却废气循环+增压汽油直喷 20-25%
传动系统 Compression ignition diesel 柴油压燃 15-25%
# Digital valve actuation 数字气门驱动 5-10%
# Early torque converter lock-up液力变矩器提早锁止 0.5%
Transmission#
# Optimized shifting 变档优化 2-6%
变速器技术
6+ speed 6档以变速器 2-8% x
#
Continuously variable无极变速 8-11% x
Dual-clutch, automated manual双离合、手自一体变速器 9-13% x
# Aerodynamics 空气动力优化设计 2-5%
# Tire rolling resistance 低滚动阻力轮胎 2-4%
# Accessories (steering, air cond., alternator) 附件能效优化 1-4%
Vehicle # Lower refrigerant emissions (low-leak, low-GWP) 低温室效应值的空调制冷剂 2-10%
整车(车体# Mass-reduction# Advanced material components 先进材料 1-5%
# 减重 Integrated vehicle design 整合设计 5-10%
# x (with limited
Stop-start mild hybrid弱混合动力 6-8%
# Hybrid systems data)
Full hybrid electric system强混合动力 30-35% 6
*Source of technology potential: EPA NPRM减排潜力数值来源: 联邦环保署2025年轻型车标准草案
7. Ques%ons
answered
in
this
study
本研究探讨了以下问题
§ What is the technology status § 中国整体乘用车队、各
of the entire Chinese passenger
car fleet, each major market 细分市场和各主要企业
segment, and each major 的车队特征和技术应用情
manufacturers? 况
§ How does the Chinese fleet
compares to that of US and EU § 中国乘用车与欧、美乘
in vehicle specifications and 用车车队特征和技术水
fuel efficiency technology 平对比
adoption?
§ How different are independent § 国产车中,自主品牌和
brands from joint venture 合资品牌乘用车是否存
automakers in terms of 在和存在多大技术差异
technology adoption?
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8. Comparison of fleet characteristics and technology
adoption rates by region
中、美、欧盟轻型车车辆参数和技术采用率比较
EU Gasoline PC US LDV US PC Chinese
EU PC Fleet Fleet Fleet Fleet PC Fleet
Parameters 参数 欧盟乘用车 欧盟汽油乘用车 美国轻型车 美国乘用车 中国乘用车
Specifications 基本参数
Engine size (L) 发动机排量 (L) 1.6 1.4 3.1 2.6 1.7
Curb weight (kg) 整备质量 (kg) 1,322 1,172 1,815 1,611 1,280
Footprint (m2) 脚印面积 (m2) 3.9 3.75 4.51 4.22 3.79
Power (kW) 功率(kW) 84 77 174C 156C 86
Max speed (km/h) 最高时速 (km/h) 185 178 223 218 170
Power-to-weight ratio (W/kg) 功率整备质量比 (W/kg) 62 63 96 97 65
Engine specific power (kW/L) 发动机升功率 (kW/L) 51 52 57 60 51
Fuel Consumption and CO2 油耗
Urban FC (L/100km)e 市区油耗 (L/100km) 7.4 8.1 9.8 8.6 10.4
Extraurban FC (L/100km)e 郊区油耗 (L/100km) 4.9 5.1 6.4 5.6 6.3
Combined FC (L/100km)e 综合油耗 (L/100km) 5.8 6.2 8.3 7.3 7.8
Combined NEDC FC (L/ 折算成NEDC工况的综合油 5.8 6.2 9.4 8.1 7.8
100km) 耗 (L/100km)
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20. Major findings 主要结论
§ The overall Chinese fleet is § 中国在各个主要车辆节油技术上
lagged in many key efficiency ,如可变气门正时、汽油缸内
technologies behind Europe 直喷、涡轮增压与机械增压等,
and US. 都显著落后于欧盟或美国,甚至
同时落后于两者。不过中国对某
§ Technology adoption status 些技术的应用正在迎头赶上。
vary by segment. Smaller car
segments (dominated by § 中国乘用车各细分市场的技术利
用水平有所不同。总体来说,国
domestic makers) are more
产自主品牌占主导地位的小型车
lagged. 市场比以合资企业为主的中、大
§ Mini vans are extremely 型车市场在几乎所有的节油技术
inefficient and lagged in all key 上都要落后。
technologies. § 微型客车(面包车)虽然体型小
§ Most Chinese automakers are ,能效却很差,油耗与一般的中
not as advanced as joint 小型轿车差不多,先进技术采用
venture companies in 率最低。
technology adoption. § 中国自主品牌企业在应用节油技
术方面与合资企业相比还存在明 20
显的差距。