This PowerPoint is one small part of the Astronomy Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 3000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 12 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 8 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow and meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and follow up questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation. Teaching Duration = 5+ weeks. Areas of Focus in the Astronomy Topics Unit: The Solar System and the Sun, Order of the Planets, Our Sun, Life Cycle of a Star, Size of Stars, Solar Eclipse, Lunar Eclipse, The Inner Planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Craters, Tides, Phases of the Moon, Mars and Moons, Rocketry, Asteroid Belt, NEOs, The Torino Scale, The Outer Planets and Gas Giants, Jupiter / Moons, Saturn / Moons, Uranus / Moons, Neptune / Moons, Pluto's Demotion, The Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud, Comets / Other, Beyond the Solar System, Types of Galaxies, Blackholes, Extrasolar Planets, The Big Bang, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, The Special Theory of Relativity, Hubble Space Telescope, Constellations, Spacetime and much more. If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
5. -Nice neat notes that are legible and use indentations
when appropriate.
-Example of indent.
-Skip a line between topics
-Don’t skip pages
-Make visuals clear and well drawn.
14. THE SUN
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Asteroid Belt
Mercury is a small, rocky
planet. ~ Mercury has
been visited by the
Mariner 10 spacecraft.
Mariner 10 has mapped a
little less than half (45%)
of Mercury's surface. ~
Scientists think that there
may be *volcanic activity*
on Mercury. They are still
studying information sent
to Earth from the Mariner
spacecraft to make
sure. ~ The
temperature on Mercury
ranges from 90 K to 700
K.
Venus is a small, rocky planetblanketed in a thick layer of yellowish
clouds. These clouds are not made of water (like the ones here on
Earth). Instead, they are formed from a poison called sulfuric
acid. ~ Venus' surface is very hot - about 400 degrees
Celsius! ~ Even though Venus is very cloudy, it's simply *too hot*
for rain to form. ~ The first spacecraft to visit Venus was Mariner
2 in 1962. Venus has since been visited by more than 20 spacecraft
in all so far! Some of these visiting spacecraft include: Pioneer
Venus, Venera 7, Venera 9 and Magellan.
Earth is a small, rocky planet which supports a variety of life! As far as we know, Earth is unique
from all other planets in this respect. ~ Temperatures at the Earth's center (called the "core")
may be as high as 7500 K - That's hotter than the surface of the Sun! ~ The Earth is the densest
major body in the solar system. This means that it's the most "compact" of all the planets. For
example, you have two loaves of bread, both of the same amount. You smash one loaf of bread flat.
Even though both loaves are of the same amount, the smashed bread is *denser* because it is more
compact. The Earth is 4.5 to 4.6 billion years old, but the oldest known rocks are less than 4 billion
years old. Rocks older than 3 billion years are rare. The oldest fossils of living organisms are less
than 3.9 billion years old! ~ The Earth is orbited by one moon.
The Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It
contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar
System. All energy for our solar system comes from the sun.
Check out the Corona Ejections
The Sun is, at present, about 70% hydrogen and 28%
helium by mass everything else ("metals") amounts to less
than 2%. The sun is approximately 93 million miles from
Earth.
15. THE SUN
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Asteroid Belt
Mercury is a small, rocky
planet. ~ Mercury has
been visited by the
Mariner 10 spacecraft.
Mariner 10 has mapped a
little less than half (45%)
of Mercury's surface. ~
Scientists think that there
may be *volcanic activity*
on Mercury. They are still
studying information sent
to Earth from the Mariner
spacecraft to make
sure. ~ The
temperature on Mercury
ranges from 90 K to 700
K.
Venus is a small, rocky planetblanketed in a thick layer of yellowish
clouds. These clouds are not made of water (like the ones here on
Earth). Instead, they are formed from a poison called sulfuric
acid. ~ Venus' surface is very hot - about 400 degrees
Celsius! ~ Even though Venus is very cloudy, it's simply *too hot*
for rain to form. ~ The first spacecraft to visit Venus was Mariner
2 in 1962. Venus has since been visited by more than 20 spacecraft
in all so far! Some of these visiting spacecraft include: Pioneer
Venus, Venera 7, Venera 9 and Magellan.
Earth is a small, rocky planet which supports a variety of life! As far as we know, Earth is unique
from all other planets in this respect. ~ Temperatures at the Earth's center (called the "core")
may be as high as 7500 K - That's hotter than the surface of the Sun! ~ The Earth is the densest
major body in the solar system. This means that it's the most "compact" of all the planets. For
example, you have two loaves of bread, both of the same amount. You smash one loaf of bread flat.
Even though both loaves are of the same amount, the smashed bread is *denser* because it is more
compact. The Earth is 4.5 to 4.6 billion years old, but the oldest known rocks are less than 4 billion
years old. Rocks older than 3 billion years are rare. The oldest fossils of living organisms are less
than 3.9 billion years old! ~ The Earth is orbited by one moon.
The Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It
contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar
System. All energy for our solar system comes from the sun.
Check out the Corona Ejections
The Sun is, at present, about 70% hydrogen and 28%
helium by mass everything else ("metals") amounts to less
than 2%. The sun is approximately 93 million miles from
Earth.
16. THE SUN
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Asteroid Belt
Mercury is a small, rocky
planet. ~ Mercury has
been visited by the
Mariner 10 spacecraft.
Mariner 10 has mapped a
little less than half (45%)
of Mercury's surface. ~
Scientists think that there
may be *volcanic activity*
on Mercury. They are still
studying information sent
to Earth from the Mariner
spacecraft to make
sure. ~ The
temperature on Mercury
ranges from 90 K to 700
K.
Venus is a small, rocky planetblanketed in a thick layer of yellowish
clouds. These clouds are not made of water (like the ones here on
Earth). Instead, they are formed from a poison called sulfuric
acid. ~ Venus' surface is very hot - about 400 degrees
Celsius! ~ Even though Venus is very cloudy, it's simply *too hot*
for rain to form. ~ The first spacecraft to visit Venus was Mariner
2 in 1962. Venus has since been visited by more than 20 spacecraft
in all so far! Some of these visiting spacecraft include: Pioneer
Venus, Venera 7, Venera 9 and Magellan.
Earth is a small, rocky planet which supports a variety of life! As far as we know, Earth is unique
from all other planets in this respect. ~ Temperatures at the Earth's center (called the "core")
may be as high as 7500 K - That's hotter than the surface of the Sun! ~ The Earth is the densest
major body in the solar system. This means that it's the most "compact" of all the planets. For
example, you have two loaves of bread, both of the same amount. You smash one loaf of bread flat.
Even though both loaves are of the same amount, the smashed bread is *denser* because it is more
compact. The Earth is 4.5 to 4.6 billion years old, but the oldest known rocks are less than 4 billion
years old. Rocks older than 3 billion years are rare. The oldest fossils of living organisms are less
than 3.9 billion years old! ~ The Earth is orbited by one moon.
Mars is a small, rocky planet which is cold and lifeless. ~ The first spacecraft to visit
Mars was Mariner 4 in 1965. Several others followed including the two Viking landers in
1976. After a long break, Mars Pathfinder landed successfully on Mars on July 4,
1997. ~ Mars has permanent ice caps at both poles made up mostly of solid carbon
dioxide. We know this as "dry ice." ~ Very strong winds and vast dust storms
sometimes blow through the entire planet for months! ~ Mars has two tiny moons
which orbit very close to the surface. Their names are Phobos and Deimos.
The Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It
contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar
System. All energy for our solar system comes from the sun.
Check out the Corona Ejections
The Sun is, at present, about 70% hydrogen and 28%
helium by mass everything else ("metals") amounts to less
than 2%. The sun is approximately 93 million miles from
Earth.
17. • Activity! Visit the websites about Mars and
record information for the unit assessment.
• http://science.nationalgeographic.com/scie
nce/space/solar-system/mercury-
article.html
• http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/
18. • Mars
• Smaller and less dense than Earth
• Appears red because of rust (Iron in soil)
• Has ice caps on both poles
• Year is equal to 687 Earth Days
• A Martian day is about ½ hour longer than an
Earth day.
• Thin atmosphere of Carbon Dioxide
• Mars was believed to have had large amounts
of liquid water on it.
• Has valleys, mountains, canyons,
• Mars is very cold ranging from -133 degrees
Celsius to just above freezing at the equator.
19. • Mars
• Smaller and less dense than earth
• Appears red because of rust (Iron in soil)
• Has ice caps on both poles
• Year is equal to 687 Earth Days
• A Martian day is about ½ hour longer than an
Earth day.
• Thin atmosphere of Carbon Dioxide
• Mars was believed to have had large amounts
of liquid water on it.
• Has valleys, mountains, canyons,
• Mars is very cold ranging from -133 degrees
Celsius to just above freezing at the equator.
20. • Mars
• Smaller and less dense than earth
• Appears red because of rust (Iron in soil)
• Has ice caps on both poles
• Year is equal to 687 Earth Days
• A Martian day is about ½ hour longer than an
Earth day.
• Thin atmosphere of Carbon Dioxide
• Mars was believed to have had large amounts
of liquid water on it.
• Has valleys, mountains, canyons,
• Mars is very cold ranging from -133 degrees
Celsius to just above freezing at the equator.
21. • Mars
• Smaller and less dense than earth
• Appears red because of rust (Iron in soil)
• Has ice caps on both poles
• Year is equal to 687 Earth Days
• A Martian day is about ½ hour longer than an
Earth day.
• Thin atmosphere of Carbon Dioxide
• Mars was believed to have had large amounts
of liquid water on it.
• Has valleys, mountains, canyons,
• Mars is very cold ranging from -133 degrees
Celsius to just above freezing at the equator.
22. • Mars
• Smaller and less dense than earth
• Appears red because of rust (Iron in soil)
• Has ice caps on both poles
• Year is equal to 687 Earth Days
• A Martian day is about ½ hour longer than an
Earth day.
• Thin atmosphere of Carbon Dioxide
• Mars was believed to have had large amounts
of liquid water on it.
• Has valleys, mountains, canyons,
• Mars is very cold ranging from -133 degrees
Celsius to just above freezing at the equator.
23. • Mars
• Smaller and less dense than earth.
• Appears red because of rust (Iron in soil)
• Has ice caps on both poles
• Year is equal to 687 Earth Days
• A Martian day is about ½ hour longer than an
Earth day.
• Thin atmosphere of Carbon Dioxide
• Mars was believed to have had large amounts of
liquid water on it.
• Has valleys, mountains, canyons,
• Mars is very cold ranging from -133 degrees
Celsius to just above freezing at the equator.
24. • Mars
• Smaller and less dense than earth
• Appears red because of rust (Iron in soil)
• Has ice caps on both poles
• Year is equal to 687 Earth Days
• A Martian day is about ½ hour longer than an
Earth day.
• Thin atmosphere of Carbon Dioxide
• Mars was believed to have had large amounts
of liquid water on it.
• Has valleys, mountains, canyons,
• Mars is very cold ranging from -133 degrees
Celsius to just above freezing at the equator.
1/2
25. • Mars
• Smaller and less dense than earth
• Appears red because of rust (Iron in soil)
• Has ice caps on both poles
• Year is equal to 687 Earth Days
• A Martian day is about ½ hour longer than an
Earth day.
• Thin atmosphere of Carbon Dioxide
• Mars was believed to have had large amounts
of liquid water on it.
• Has valleys, mountains, canyons,
• Mars is very cold ranging from -133 degrees
Celsius to just above freezing at the equator.
26. • Mars
• Smaller and less dense than Earth
• Appears red because of rust (Iron in soil)
• Has ice caps on both poles
• Year is equal to 687 Earth Days
• A Martian day is about ½ hour longer than an
Earth day.
• Thin atmosphere of Carbon Dioxide
• Mars was believed to have had large amounts
of liquid water on it.
• Has valleys, mountains, canyons,
• Mars is very cold ranging from -133 degrees
Celsius to just above freezing at the equator.
27. • Mars
• Smaller and less dense than Earth
• Appears red because of rust (Iron in soil)
• Has ice caps on both poles
• Year is equal to 687 Earth Days
• A Martian day is about ½ hour longer than an
Earth day.
• Thin atmosphere of Carbon Dioxide
• Mars was believed to have had large amounts
of liquid water on it.
• Has valleys, mountains, canyons.
• Mars is very cold ranging from -133 degrees
Celsius to just above freezing at the equator.
28. • Mars
• Smaller and less dense than Earth
• Appears red because of rust (Iron in soil)
• Has ice caps on both poles
• Year is equal to 687 Earth Days
• A Martian day is about ½ hour longer than an
Earth day.
• Thin atmosphere of Carbon Dioxide
• Mars was believed to have had large amounts
of liquid water on it.
• Has valleys, mountains, canyons,
• Mars is very cold ranging from -133° degrees
Celsius to just above freezing at the equator.
97. • One of the biggest differences of this rover is
that is has a nuclear battery instead of solar
panels.
– Can work day and night, summer and winter.
– Has many new tools including a laser to open
rock.
– Will continue to look for life and evidence of
geologic past.
98. • One of the biggest differences of this rover is
that is has a nuclear battery instead of solar
panels.
– Can work day and night, summer and winter.
– Has many new tools including a laser to open
rock.
– Will continue to look for life and evidence of
geologic past.
99. • One of the biggest differences of this rover is
that is has a nuclear battery instead of solar
panels.
– Can work day and night, summer and winter.
– Has many new tools including a laser to open
rock.
– Will continue to look for life and evidence of
geologic past.
100. • One of the biggest differences of this rover is
that is has a nuclear battery instead of solar
panels.
– Can work day and night, summer and winter.
– Has many new tools including a laser to open
rock.
– Will continue to look for life and evidence of
geologic past.
104. • Curiosity Rover Video Link.
– Animation and real images of its historic landing
from mission control.
– Feel free to celebrate with your neighbor during
touchdown.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9hXqzkH7Y
A&feature=relmfu
105. • Valles Marineris: A giant canyon on Mars
that dwarfs the Grand Canyon.
– This canyon would span most of the U.S.
109. • Olympus Mons: Large extinct Volcano.
– Largest volcano / mtn. in the solar system.
122. • Activity! Google Mars
– Find and sketch two examples of erosion.
– Example: Meander, Alluvial fan, Old Channel…
123. • Activity! Google Mars
– Find and sketch two examples of erosion.
– Example: Meander, Alluvial fan, Old Channel…
124. • Activity! Google Mars
– Find and sketch two examples of erosion.
– Example: Meander, Alluvial fan, Old Channel…
http://www.google.com/mars/
Try and find Olympus Mons…
Sketch it in your journal if you
have time.
125. • Curiosity Rover Image of outcrop / evidence of
an ancient riverflow.
128. • Question to the class + research + present
findings.
129. • Question to the class + research + present
findings.
130. • Question to the class + research + present
findings.
131. • Question to the class + research + present
findings.
– What happened to all of the water that use to be
on Mars?
132. • Question to the class + research + present
findings.
– What happened to all of the water that use to be
on Mars?
• Use the laptops to try and find the answer.
• Present your answer to the class in under 50 words.
You have 25 minutes starting now!
133. • Answers:
– One theory:
• Many believe that the demise of flowing water on the
surface could have resulted from gradual climate
change over many millennia as the planet lost its
atmosphere. No more volcanoes = no more carbon
dioxide emissions.
134. • Answers:
– Another theory:
• Mars is smaller than the Earth. When the magma
cooled, the Electro-Magnetic Field decreased and solar
winds hit the planet evaporating the water and
atmosphere into space.
135. • Answers:
– Another theory:
• Mars is smaller than the Earth. When the magma
cooled, the Electro-Magnetic Field decreased and solar
winds hit the planet evaporating the water and
atmosphere into space.
136. • Answers:
– Another theory:
• Mars is smaller than the Earth. When the magma
cooled, the Electro-Magnetic Field decreased and solar
winds hit the planet evaporating the water and
atmosphere into space.
137. • Tabloid best guess based on no evidence.
– Aliens removed the water from the planet.
138. • Tabloid best guess based on no evidence.
– Aliens removed the water from the planet.
139. • Tabloid best guess based on no evidence.
– Aliens removed the water from the planet.
Photo of
surface
taken
from
satellite
orbiting
Mars.
166. • Optional Project! Mission to Mars
– Research Link
• http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/
– Project Information
• http://college.cengage.com/education/pbl/project/projec
t4.html
167. • Video Link! Mars (44 minutes)
– Part I:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vR6f2BEW644
– Part II:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_c-qBTlbG_Q
– Part III:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TkGGLT9YUPM
199. • “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and
Literacy Opportunity Worksheet
– Visit some of the many provided links or..
– Articles can be found at (w/ membership to
NABT and NSTA)
• http://www.nabt.org/websites/institution/index.php?p=
1
• http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?j
ournal=tst
Please visit at least one of the
“learn more” educational links
provided in this unit and
complete this worksheet
200. • “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and
Literacy Opportunity Worksheet
– Visit some of the many provided links or..
– Articles can be found at (w/ membership to and
NSTA)
• http://www.scientificamerican.com/space
• http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?jo
urnal=tst
201. • This Solar System Basics and the Sun lesson is just one
small part of my Astronomy Topics Unit. This unit
includes
• A five part 2,800 Slide PowerPoint Presentation / unit
roadmap full of activities, review questions, games, video
links, materials list, and much more.
• A 13 bundled homework package, modified version, 7
pages of unit notes, 4 PowerPoint Review Games of
100+ slides each, videos, rubrics, and much more that
all chronologically follow the unit slideshow.
• This is a fantastic unit for any Earth Science Class.
• http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html
203. Areas of Focus in the Astronomy Topics Unit:
The Solar System and the Sun, Order of the Planets, Our Sun, Life Cycle
of a Star, Size of Stars, Solar Eclipse, Lunar Eclipse, The Inner Planets,
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Craters, Tides, Phases of the Moon, Mars
and Moons, Rocketry, Asteroid Belt, NEO’s, The Torino Scale, The Outer
Planets and Gas Giants, Jupiter / Moons, Saturn / Moons, Uranus /
Moons, Neptune / Moons, Pluto's Demotion, The Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud,
Comets / Other, Beyond the Solar System, Types of Galaxies, Black holes,
Extrasolar Planets, The Big Bang, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, The Special
Theory of Relativity, Hubble Space Telescope, Constellations, Age of the
Earth, Time, Earth events in a 12 hour day, Principle of Superposition,
Geologic Timescale, Extinction Events, Dinosaurs, and much more.
Full Unit found at...
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html
204. • This was a very brief 5 mb tour. Please visit
the links below to learn more about each of
the units in this curriculum package.
– These units take me about four years to complete
with my students in grades 5-10.
Earth Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Geology Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Geology_Unit.html
Astronomy Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html
Weather and Climate Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Weather_Climate_Unit.html
Soil Science, Weathering, More http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html
Water Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Water_Molecule_Unit.html
Rivers Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/River_and_Water_Quality_Unit.html
= Easier = More Difficult = Most Difficult
5th – 7th grade 6th – 8th grade 8th – 10th grade
205. Physical Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Science Skills Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Science_Introduction_Lab_Safety_Metric_Methods.
html
Motion and Machines Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Newtons_Laws_Motion_Machines_Unit.html
Matter, Energy, Envs. Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_Unit.html
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Atoms_Periodic_Table_of_Elements_Unit.html
Life Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Human Body / Health Topics
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Systems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html
DNA and Genetics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/DNA_Genetics_Unit.html
Cell Biology Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Cellular_Biology_Unit.html
Infectious Diseases Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Infectious_Diseases_Unit.html
Taxonomy and Classification Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Taxonomy_Classification_Unit.html
Evolution / Natural Selection Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Evolution_Natural_Selection_Unit.html
Botany Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html
Ecology Feeding Levels Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Feeding_Levels_Unit.htm
Ecology Interactions Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Interactions_Unit.html
Ecology Abiotic Factors Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Abiotic_Factors_Unit.html
207. • The entire four year curriculum can be found at...
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/ Please feel free to
contact me with any questions you may have.
Thank you for your interest in this curriculum.
Sincerely,
Ryan Murphy M.Ed
www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com