Seasons, Earth, Axial Tilt Lesson PowerPoint

1. • Which is, equinox, winter solstice in the northern hemisphere, and which is summer solstice?

2. http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Website Link:

5. -Nice neat notes that are legible and use indentations when appropriate. -Example of indent. -Skip a line between topics -Don’t skip pages -Make visuals clear and well drawn.

6. • RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. • BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

8. • Activity Sheet Available: Research Inner Planets.

9. • Earth – Only planet known to support life. – Complex system of land, water, air, – Largest of the inner planets – Densest planet in the solar system. – Oceans (liquid water) can exist. – Atmosphere, 78% Nitrogen and 21% oxygen, shields from radiation and keeps the planet’s temperature just right. – Inner core helps create a magnetic field which protects the planet from radiation.

10. • Earth – Only planet known to support life. – Complex system of land, water, air, – Largest of the inner planets – Densest planet in the solar system. – Oceans (liquid water) can exist. – Atmosphere, 78% Nitrogen and 21% oxygen, shields from radiation and keeps the planet’s temperature just right. – Inner core helps create a magnetic field which protects the planet from radiation.

11. • Earth – Only planet known to support life. – Complex system of land, water, and air. – Largest of the inner planets – Densest planet in the solar system. – Oceans (liquid water) can exist. – Atmosphere, 78% Nitrogen and 21% oxygen, shields from radiation and keeps the planet’s temperature just right. – Inner core helps create a magnetic field which protects the planet from radiation.

12. • Earth – Only planet known to support life. – Complex system of land, water, and air. – Largest of the inner planets. – Densest planet in the solar system. – Oceans (liquid water) can exist. – Atmosphere, 78% Nitrogen and 21% oxygen, shields from radiation and keeps the planet’s temperature just right. – Inner core helps create a magnetic field which protects the planet from radiation.

18. • Earth – Only planet known to support life. – Complex system of land, water, and air, – Largest of the inner planets. – Densest planet in the solar system. – Oceans (liquid water) can exist. – Atmosphere, 78% Nitrogen and 21% oxygen, shields from radiation and keeps the planet’s temperature just right. – Inner core helps create a magnetic field which protects the planet from radiation.

21. • Earth – Only planet known to support life. – Complex system of land, water, and air, – Largest of the inner planets. – Densest planet in the solar system. – Oceans (liquid water) can exist. – Atmosphere, 78% Nitrogen and 21% oxygen, shields from radiation and keeps the planet’s temperature just right. – Inner core helps create a magnetic field which protects the planet from radiation. The earths EM field may be fading: Reading Article from National Geographic http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/0 9/0909_040909_earthmagfield.html

23. Some Facts about Earth Earth Distance from Sun 93,000,000 miles or 149,597,891 km Length of Day 23 hours 56 minutes Length of Year 365 Days, 6 hours, 16 minutes Temperature 15°C Average. Hottest 70.7°C Coldest -89.2 C

24. • Thought Question about Earth? – What if the Earth rotated on its axis once every 243 days like on Venus?

25. • Thought Question about Earth? – What if the Earth rotated on its axis once every 243 days like on Venus? How would plants grow? What would we eat? How hot would it get in the summer? How cold in the winter? Would the poles freeze? How would winds and weather be different?

26. • Thought Question about Earth? – What if the Earth rotated on its axis once every 243 days like on Venus? How would plants grow? What would we eat? How hot would it get in the summer? How cold in the winter? Would the poles freeze? How would winds and weather be different? Would we even be here?

27. • Thought Question about Earth? – What if the Earth rotated on its axis once every 243 days like on Venus? How would plants grow? What would we eat? How hot would it get in the summer? How cold in the winter? Would the poles freeze? How would winds and weather be different? Would we even be here?

28. • Thought Question about Earth? – What if the Earth rotated on its axis once every 243 days like on Venus? How would plants grow? What would we eat? How hot would it get in the summer? How cold in the winter? Would the poles freeze? How would winds and weather be different? Would we even be here? The answer is no.

29. • Symbol for Earth.

30. • Which is the shape of Earth?

31. • Which is the shape of Earth? answer is…

32. • Which is the shape of Earth? answer is…

35. If you weighed a 100 lbs on this planet? You would weigh 100 pounds

38. • Earth Available Sheet, Formation, Seasons, EM Field, Phases of the Moon.

40. • How did the moon get here / form?

41. • Theories on how moon was formed? – The Fission Theory: The Moon was once part of the Earth and somehow separated from the Earth early in the history of the Solar System. The present Pacific Ocean basin is the most popular site for the part of the Earth from which the Moon came. – The Capture Theory: The Moon was formed somewhere else, and was later captured by the gravitational field of the earth. – The Condensation Theory: The Moon and the Earth condensed together from the original nebula that formed the Solar System. – The Colliding Planetesimals Theory: The interaction of earth- orbiting and Sun-orbiting planetesimals (very large chunks of rocks like asteroids) early in the history of the Solar System led to their breakup. The Moon condensed from this debris. – The Ejected Ring Theory: A planetesimal the size of Mars struck the earth, ejecting large volumes of matter. A disk of orbiting material was formed, and this matter eventually condensed to form the Moon in orbit around the earth.

42. • Theories on how moon was formed? – The Fission Theory: The Moon was once part of the Earth and somehow separated from the Earth early in the history of the Solar System. The present Pacific Ocean basin is the most popular site for the part of the Earth from which the Moon came. – The Capture Theory: The Moon was formed somewhere else, and was later captured by the gravitational field of the earth. – The Condensation Theory: The Moon and the Earth condensed together from the original nebula that formed the Solar System. – The Colliding Planetesimals Theory: The interaction of earth- orbiting and Sun-orbiting planetesimals (very large chunks of rocks like asteroids) early in the history of the Solar System led to their breakup. The Moon condensed from this debris. – The Ejected Ring Theory: A planetesimal the size of Mars struck the earth, ejecting large volumes of matter. A disk of orbiting material was formed, and this matter eventually condensed to form the Moon in orbit around the earth.

72. Theories on moon formation, Learn more: http://www.universetoday.com/47996/how- was-the-moon-formed/

75. • Video Link! Formation of the moon. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibV4MdN5wo0

76. • Video Link! Formation of the Moon – Longer Version – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8P5ujNwEwM

77. • It’s warmer in summer time because… – A.) The sun increases its energy during the summer. – B.) The earth is closer to the sun in the summer and further away in the winter. – C.) The greenhouse effect is intensified as plants grow more in the summer. – D.) The axial tilt of the planet at 23.5º causes the seasons as more direct light hits our area of the planet during this time. – E.) Ocean currents from the polar regions do not flow south during the summer.

78. • It’s warmer in summer time because… – A.) The sun increases its energy during the summer. – B.) The earth is closer to the sun in the summer and further away in the winter. – C.) The greenhouse effect is intensified as plants grow more in the summer. – D.) The axial tilt of the planet at 23.5º causes the seasons as more direct light hits our area of the planet during this time. – E.) Ocean currents from the polar regions do not flow south during the summer.

97. The Sun Closer in the Winter

98. The Sun Closer in the Winter The Sun Is further away in summer

100. More Direct

101. More Direct Less Direct

102. More Direct Less Direct Glancing Winter

103. More Direct Less Direct Glancing Summer Winter

104. • The axial tilt causes the sun to be lower in the sky.

105. • The axial tilt causes the sun to be lower in the sky. – The length of the day is also shorter during winter in the Northern hemisphere.

122. • Activity Link! Watch video and conduct activity if desired. (Optional) – http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/video/2012/no v/02/science-demonstration-changing-seasons- video1

123. • Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year (winter solstice) or the longest day of the year (summer solstice)

124. • Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year (winter solstice) or the longest day of the year (summer solstice) What date has the shortest day?

127. • The winter solstice

128. • The winter solstice

129. • The winter solstice is the moment when the earth is at a point in its orbit where one hemisphere is most inclined away from the sun.

130. • The winter solstice is the moment when the earth is at a point in its orbit where one hemisphere is most inclined away from the sun. – Shortest day and longest night of the year (Around December 21st)

133. • Diagram showing Stonehenge at the beginning of the summer solstice. 24 sec video at.. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYyydFSrq2Q

134. • Diagram showing Stonehenge at the beginning of the summer solstice. –

135. • Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year (winter solstice) or the longest day of the year (summer solstice) What date do you feel has the longest day of the year?

136. • Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year (winter solstice) or the longest day of the year (summer solstice) What date do you feel has the longest day of the year? Summer solstice is when axial tilt is most inclined towards the sun (June 21st ish)

139. • This is a 2,300 year old solar observatory in Peru.

142. • Video Link! Winter Solstice at Newgrange in Ireland (Optional) – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngADMns8W78

143. • Is this a winter solstice or summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere?

147. • Which is winter solstice in the northern hemisphere and which is summer solstice?

155. • Equinox: Either of the two times each year (about March 21 and September 23) when the sun crosses the equator.

156. • Equinox: Either of the two times each year (about March 21 and September 23) when the sun crosses the equator. – Day and night are everywhere on earth equal in length.

157. • Equinox: When the sun crosses the celestial equator, when day and night are of equal length

167. • Which letter is the winter solstice, equinox, and which is the summer solstice?

175. West East North South

176. West East North South

177. West East North South Dec 21st

178. West East North South Dec 21st March 21

179. West East North South Dec 21st March 21 June 21

180. West East North South Dec 21st March 21 June 21 Winter Solstice

181. West East North South Dec 21st March 21 June 21 Summer Solstice Winter Solstice

185. West East North South Dec 21st March 21 June 21 Summer Solstice Winter Solstice Zenith: The point on the celestial sphere vertically above a given position or observer.

186. West East North South Dec 21st March 21 June 21 Summer Solstice Winter Solstice Zenith: The point on the celestial sphere vertically above a given position or observer. Spring Equinox

189. Name the season for Mr. Pink

205. Northern Hemisphere

209. More direct light

220.  The tilt of the earth’s axis 23.5 degrees Summer = Northern Hemisphere is tilted into more direct light. Winter = Northern Hemisphere tilts away from the direct light. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

230. • Seasons simulator (Optional) and Quiz – http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/007299181x/student_view0/chapter 2/seasons_interactive.html

231. • The season are caused by three factors.

232. • The season are caused by three factors. 1.) Revolution of Earth around the Sun.

233. • The season are caused by three factors. 1.) Revolution of Earth around the Sun. 2.) Tilt of the Earths axis

234. • The season are caused by three factors. 1.) Revolution of Earth around the Sun. 2.) Tilt of the Earths axis 3.) Parallelism of the axis.

237. I“I’ve graduated college.”

238. I “It’s summer because the Earth is closer to the Sun!”

239. I “It’s summer because the Earth is closer to the Sun!”

240. I“What?”

243. Learn more about the seasons and axial tilt at… http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/climate /cli_seasons.html

244. • Video Link! What causes the seasons? – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NweLxtmnzv4

245. • Video Link! Axial Tilt Khan Academy – Optional (Advanced) – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05qDIjKevJo

246. • You can now complete this question.

263. • “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and Literacy Opportunity Worksheet – Visit some of the many provided links or.. – Articles can be found at (w/ membership to NABT and NSTA) • http://www.nabt.org/websites/institution/index.php?p= 1 • http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?j ournal=tst Please visit at least one of the “learn more” educational links provided in this unit and complete this worksheet

264. • “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and Literacy Opportunity Worksheet – Visit some of the many provided links or.. – Articles can be found at (w/ membership to and NSTA) • http://www.scientificamerican.com/space • http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?jo urnal=tst

265. • This Solar System Basics and the Sun lesson is just one small part of my Astronomy Topics Unit. This unit includes • A five part 2,800 Slide PowerPoint Presentation / unit roadmap full of activities, review questions, games, video links, materials list, and much more. • A 13 bundled homework package, modified version, 7 pages of unit notes, 4 PowerPoint Review Games of 100+ slides each, videos, rubrics, and much more that all chronologically follow the unit slideshow. • This is a fantastic unit for any Earth Science Class. • http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html

267. Areas of Focus in the Astronomy Topics Unit: The Solar System and the Sun, Order of the Planets, Our Sun, Life Cycle of a Star, Size of Stars, Solar Eclipse, Lunar Eclipse, The Inner Planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Craters, Tides, Phases of the Moon, Mars and Moons, Rocketry, Asteroid Belt, NEO’s, The Torino Scale, The Outer Planets and Gas Giants, Jupiter / Moons, Saturn / Moons, Uranus / Moons, Neptune / Moons, Pluto's Demotion, The Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud, Comets / Other, Beyond the Solar System, Types of Galaxies, Black holes, Extrasolar Planets, The Big Bang, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, The Special Theory of Relativity, Hubble Space Telescope, Constellations, Age of the Earth, Time, Earth events in a 12 hour day, Principle of Superposition, Geologic Timescale, Extinction Events, Dinosaurs, and much more. Full Unit found at... http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html

268. • This was a very brief 5 mb tour. Please visit the links below to learn more about each of the units in this curriculum package. – These units take me about four years to complete with my students in grades 5-10. Earth Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Geology Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Geology_Unit.html Astronomy Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html Weather and Climate Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Weather_Climate_Unit.html Soil Science, Weathering, More http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html Water Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Water_Molecule_Unit.html Rivers Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/River_and_Water_Quality_Unit.html = Easier = More Difficult = Most Difficult 5th – 7th grade 6th – 8th grade 8th – 10th grade

269. Physical Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Science Skills Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Science_Introduction_Lab_Safety_Metric_Methods. html Motion and Machines Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Newtons_Laws_Motion_Machines_Unit.html Matter, Energy, Envs. Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_Unit.html Atoms and Periodic Table Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Atoms_Periodic_Table_of_Elements_Unit.html Life Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Human Body / Health Topics http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Systems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html DNA and Genetics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/DNA_Genetics_Unit.html Cell Biology Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Cellular_Biology_Unit.html Infectious Diseases Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Infectious_Diseases_Unit.html Taxonomy and Classification Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Taxonomy_Classification_Unit.html Evolution / Natural Selection Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Evolution_Natural_Selection_Unit.html Botany Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html Ecology Feeding Levels Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Feeding_Levels_Unit.htm Ecology Interactions Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Interactions_Unit.html Ecology Abiotic Factors Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Abiotic_Factors_Unit.html

270. • More Units Available at… Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The Rivers and Water Quality Unit, The Water Molecule Unit. Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and Science Skills Unit. Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit, The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology: Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and The Human Body Systems and Health Topics Unit Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

271. • The entire four year curriculum can be found at... http://sciencepowerpoint.com/ Please feel free to contact me with any questions you may have. Thank you for your interest in this curriculum. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com

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