Page 819 (bottom): Russell Lee’s 1939 photograph of a migrant family saying grace before eating by the side of the road near Fort Gibson, Oklahoma, shows how, even in the most difficult circumstances, families struggled to maintain elements of their normal lives. Credit: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, FSA/OWI Collection, LC-USF33-012275-M5.
Page 814: A “run” on a bank: crowds of people wait outside a New York City bank, hoping to withdraw their money. Credit: Bettmann/Corbis.
Page 816: The Spirit of the New Deal, a cartoon in the Washington Star, 1933, depicts the federal government, through the National Recovery Administration, promoting peace between workers and employers. Credit: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division,LC-USZ62-9624.
Page 839: A map of Charlotte, North Carolina, prepared by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation, illustrates how federal agencies engaged in “redlining” of neighborhoods containing blue-collar and black residents. Wealthy areas, coded green, were given the best credit ratings, white-collar districts, in blue, the second best. Residents of red districts found it almost impossible to obtain government housing loans. Credit: National Archives and Records Administration, HOLC “Residential Security Map,” 1937.
Page 824: Sit-down strike at a General Motors factory in Flint, Michigan, 1937. Credit: Bettmann/Corbis.
Page 829: A 1935 poster promoting the new Social Security system. Credit: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, LC-USZC4-4890.
Page 821: The Illegal Act, a cartoon critical of the Supreme Court’s decision declaring the NRA unconstitutional. President Roosevelt tells a drowning Uncle Sam, “I’m sorry, but the Supreme Court says I must chuck you back in.” Credit: Warder Collection.
Page 834: First lady Eleanor Roosevelt after visiting an Ohio coal mine. She was the first wife of a president to become a major public figure in her own right. Credit: Associated Press, AP.
Page 831: Old Reliable!, a 1938 cartoon by Clifford Berryman criticizing President Roosevelt for his New Deal policies. Credit: The Granger Collection, New York.
Page 840: A card issued by the Communist Party during the 1936 campaign illustrates the party’s attempt at “Americanization” (note the images of the American Revolution and Abraham Lincoln), as well as its emphasis on interracialism. James Ford, an African-American, was the party’s vice-presidential candidate. Credit: Private Collection.