The document provides a history of the development of mechanical, computer, and robotic technologies from ancient times to the present. It discusses early mechanical calculators and automation concepts from 2600 BC to the 19th century AD. It then outlines the development of computers through five generations from the 1940s to present, focusing on changes in hardware like vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors that increased computers' capabilities. The document also summarizes major developments in robotics from the 1940s to present, including industrial robots, mobile robots, humanoid robots, and surgical robots. In the future, it envisions tiny solar-powered swarm robots and home assistant robots.

3. Mechanical Approach & Humanistic
Approach
 Hardware,
in the computer world, refers to the physical
components that make up a computer system. Like body of
computers, designs, working capabilities, etc.
 Robotics
design,
is the branch of technology that deals with the
construction,
operation,
structural
disposition, manufacture and application of robots and
computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and
information processing.

4. Mechanical & Automation
Development History
 Chinese Introduced Abacus Calculator.[2600 BC]
 Aristotle’s Idea, The Greek philosopher Aristotle imagines the great utility
of robots, writing, "If every tool, when ordered, or even of its own
accord, could do the work that befits it … then there would be no need
either of apprentices for the master workers or of slaves for the lords.“[
322 BC ]
 The Lie Zi first time described “Automation” . [250 BC]

5. Mechanical & Automation
Development History
 Greek mathematician “Hero of Alexandria” described a machine
to automatically pour wine for party guests . [AD 50 ]
 Leonardo da Vinci designs a clockwork knight “Da Vinci's Knight”
that will sit up, wave its arms and move its head and jaw. It's not
certain whether the robot was ever built, but the design may
constitute
the
first
humanoid
robot.[AD1495]

6. Mechanical & Automation
Development History
 John
Napier introduced a system called "Napier's Bones," made
from horn, bone or ivory the device allowed the capability of
multiplying by adding numbers and dividing by subtracting.[AD
1617]
 Blaise
add,
Pascal invents a machine, called the Pascaline, that can
subtract,
and
carry
between
digits.[AD
1642]

7. Mechanical & Automation
Development History
 Gottfried Leibniz demonstrates binary arithmetic, a discovery that
shows every number can be represented by 0 and 1 only. This was
the root of the programming languages.[AD 1679 ]
 Joseph
Marie Jacquard invents an automated loom that is
controlled by punch cards. Afterward, These Punch cards
became popular in computer programming.[AD 1804]

8. Mechanical & Automation
Development History
 The
Difference Engine is a mechanical calculator first purposed
and developed by Charles Babbage(The father of mechanical
Computer) that was capable of computing several sets of
numbers and making a hard copies of the results. [AD 1822]
 The
Analytical Engine contained an Arithmetic Logic Unit
(ALU), basic flow control, punch cards, and integrated memory
and is the first general-purpose computer concept. He first time
introduced ALU, MU and CU.[AD 1837]

9. Mechanical & Automation
Development History
 A lady August Ada Byron( Italian Mathematician) , who was the
first programmer in the history of computer. She helped Babbage
in his Analytical Engine. Her first program was to calculate Bernoulli
numbers. [AD 1837]
 George Boole was a mathematician and logician, who invented
first time Boolean Algebra. He is regarded in hindsight as a founder
of the field of Computer Science.[AD 1854]

10. Mechanical & Automation
Development History
 Italian
author Carlo Collodi writes Pinocchio, a children's book
about a marionette who turns into a real boy. The literary theme of
mechanical men who come to life will flourish along with the
technological evolution of robots--most recently, in movies like
Steven Spielberg's A.I. and in TV characters like Data from Star
Trek: The Next Generation. [AD 1881]
 Herman
Hollerith developed a method for machines to record
and store information onto punch cards to be used for the US
census. He later formed the company we know as IBM today.[AD
1896]

11. Mechanical & Automation
Development History
 L.
Frank Baum invents one of the literary world's most beloved
robots in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: the Tin Woodsman, a
mechanical man in search of a heart. The character is seen as a
symbol for the soullessness of mechanized industry.[AD 1900]
 Czech playwright Karl Capek popularizes the term "robot" in a play
called "R.U.R. (Rossums Universal Robot)." The word comes from
the Czech robota, which means drudgery or forced work. The play
ends with robots taking over the earth and destroying their
makers.[AD
1921]

12. Mechanical & Automation
Development History
 Film
director Fritz Lang releases Metropolis, a silent film set in a
futuristic urban dystopia. It features a female robot--the first to
appear on the silver screen--who takes the shape of a human
woman in order to destroy a labor movement.[AD 1926]

13. Computer Development History
of Generations
 Initially
discovered by Thomas Edison, the vacuum tube formed
the building block for the entire electronics industry.[AD 1883]
 Vacuum
century
tubes were later used as electron valves in the 20th
to
build
the
first
electronic
computers.[AD
1906]

14. Computer Development History
First Generation[1942-1959]
 ENIAC was built at University of Pennsylvania.[AD 1943]
 Dr.
Howard Aiken designed Mark-1 or ASCC. This computer was
the first design in which binary language was used. After it, he
designed further Mark series successfully.[AD 1944 – 1959]
 EDSAC was the first designed computer in which stored program
concept
was
used.[AD
1949]

15. Computer Development History
First Generation[1942-1959]
 Magnetic Drums for memory
 only solve one problem at a time
 Main Memory 100 bytes to 2 kilobytes
 Use Vacuum tubes
 Using a great deal of electricity
 displayed on printouts.
 Special rooms to house them with air conditioning
 Specially trained technicians to run & maintain
 A first-generation programming language
is a machine-level programming language.

16. Robotic Development History
[1942-1959]
 American
science fiction author Isaac Asimov publishes a short
story, "Runaround," that introduces the "Three Laws of Robotics"-rules that every robot is programmed to obey:
A robot may not harm a human being, or, through inaction, allow
a human being to come to harm.
A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings except
where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence, as long as such protection
does not conflict with the First or Second Law.[AD 1942]

17. Robotic Development History
[1942-1959]
 Industrial
robotics pioneer George Devol files a
patent (pictured) for the first programmable robot
and coins the term “Universal Automaton.“[AD
1954]
 George Devol and Joseph Engel Berger (pictured)
form the world's first robotics company, Unimation.
It is purchased by Condec, which
later is
bought, in part, by industrial manufacturing giant
Eaton.[AD
1956]

18. Computer Development History
Second Generation[1959-1965]
 The name transistor comes from the word 'trans' of transmitter and
the word 'sistor' of resistor.
 The
first transistor was invented at Bell Laboratories by William
Shockley,
John
Bardeen
and
Walter
Brattain.[AD
1947]

19. Computer Development History
Second Generation[1959-1965]
 UNIVAC 1107, UNIVAC III
 RCA 501
 Philco Transact S-2000
 NCR 300 series
 IBM 7070, 7080, 7090, 1400 series, 1600 series
 Honeywell 800, 400 series
 General Electric GE 635, 645, GE 200
 Control Data Corp. CDC 1604, 3600, 160A
 LARC
 Burroughs B5000, 200 series

20. Computer Development History
Second Generation[1959-1965]
 Second-generation programming language is a generational way
to categorize Assembly Languages.
 Transistors replaced vacuum tubes
 Allowing computers to become smaller,
 Smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient
 Magnetic drum to magnetic core technology.
 Atomic energy industry, business

21. Robotic Development History
[1959-1965]
 Unimate,
the world's first industrial robot, goes to work on a
General Motors assembly line.[AD 1961]
 Rosie the robot appears on The Jetsons, an animated TV program
about a family from the future. The iconic house maid becomes
one of the best-known robot characters in recent history.[AD 1962]

22. Computer Development History
Third Generation[1965-1971]
 The IC Integrated circuits [AD 1965]
 The IC revolutionized the entire electronic technology. Ex: The Pentium
Processor
contains
3.1
Million
Transistors
in
1.5
inch
square!

23. Computer Development History
Third Generation[1965-1971]
 integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of
computers
 silicon chips, called semiconductors
 drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.
 keyboard and monitors and interfaced with an operating system
 they were smaller and cheaper
 Pascal, C, Fortran, C++, Java, C#

24. Robotic Development History
[1965-1971]
 The AICSRC begins development of Shakey, the first mobile robot.
It is endowed with a limited ability to see and model its
environment and is controlled by a computer that fills an entire
room.[AD 1966]
 HAL
9000
(Heuristically programmed Algorithmic computer)
appears in the Stanley Kubrick film 2001: A Space Odyssey, written
by Arthur C. Clarke. The artificially intelligent computer runs the
spaceship Discovery--and eventually goes berserk. The character
reflects concern about the increasing power of intelligent
machines
over
man.[AD
1968]

25. Computer Development History
Fourth Generation[1971-1990]
 Intel
publicly
introduced
the
world's
first
single
chip
microprocessor, the Intel 4004 (U.S. Patent #3,821,715), invented
by Intel engineers Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff, and Stanley Mazor. It
revolutionized
computer
design.[AD
1971]

26. Computer Development History
Fourth Generation[1971-1990]
 Microprocessor, Hard disk, Ram
 SQL (for database access) and TeX (for text formatting)
 Integrated circuits
 Operating system
 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user,
 GUI technology
 More fastest, cheaper, less power conception
 Introduction of mouse
 MS DOS 1, 2, 3, 4[AD 1981-1988]

27. Robotic Development History
[1971-1990]
 R2-D2
and C-3PO appear in George Lucas' Star Wars films. The
plucky androids are arguably the best-known robots in modern
culture.[AD 1977]
 The
Terminator Movie, in which a robotic assassin from a post-
apocalyptic
future
travels
back
in
time
to
eliminate
a
waitress, whose son will grow up and lead humanity in a war
against machines.[AD 1984]

28. Computer Development History
Fifth Generation[1990-Present]
 Artificial Intelligence came in this generation.
 Massively Parallel computing/processing
 voice recognition
 nanotechnology
 Touch screen
 Finger print recognition
 MS DOS 5 & 6[AD 1991-1994]
 Windows 95, 98, 2000, ME, XP
VISTA, 7, 8
 Windows 8.1 [AD Oct 18, 2013]

29. Computer Development History
Fifth Generation[1990-Present]
 Tianhe-2
or TH-2 (Chinese: literally "Skyriver-2") is a 33.86
petaflop(20,000
second),
trillion
supercomputer
calculations
located
per
in
Guangzhou, China.[AD 2013]
 It is currently the world's fastest supercomputer.
 Tianhe-2 runs a total of 3,120,000 processor cores divided
among 16,000 nodes.
 The system is configured with a total of 1.404 petabytes of
memory and a parallel storage system with 12.4 petabytes
of space.

30. Robotic Development History
[1990-Present]
 Sony
developed Aibo robots like dog, which had abilities to
navigate
around
itself
and
respond
to
a
set
of
limited
commands.[AD 1999]
 Honda's
humanoid robot ASIMO steps onto the stage. Standing
1.3 meters tall, it can walk and run with a near-human gait.[AD
2000]

31. Robotic Development History
[Present/Beyond]
 The
robotics business hits the big time, becoming a $1.06 billion
business in North America. Pictured is the humanoid robot Speecys
SPC-003.[AD 2004 - Present]
 Self-Assembling
Robot Furniture, Developed by Swiss BioRobotics
Laboratory, this fantastic set of roving robots rolls into position and
assembles into whatever piece of furniture you need at that
moment.

32. Robotic Development
[Present/Beyond]
 The human consciousness robot BINA48 is like human and stores
memories of the human in the head. The somewhat-creepy
project is the work of the Terasem Movement, an organization that
seeks to prevent the finality of death by allowing humans to store
their consciousness in technology, where it will live on forever.
 Losing weight is never easy. That’s why Autom, this adorable bigeyed robot, wants to know all about you. She asks questions about
your food intake and activity levels every day, then gives you tips
on getting and staying healthy.

33. Robotic Development
[Present/Beyond]
 Some
South Korean students are learning English from
outsourced teachers who happen to be based in the
Philippines – but the teachers have a constant
classroom presence in the form of egg-shaped robot
Engkey. The schools are happy because the robot
teachers are cheaper than human teachers, and the
students are happy because many of them find a robot
less intimidating than a human teacher.

34. Robotic Development
[Present/Beyond]
 Researchers
are developing itty-bitty solar-powered robots that
could move in swarm formations to gather data from targets and
it wouldn’t matter much if some were lost or destroyed in the
process because they would be so cheap to produce.
 Japanese
researchers are developing a homeworking robot
which helps in home maintenance and settle the things at the
right place where home user want. It can cook and serve in front
of you.

35. Robotic Development
[Present/Beyond]
 Da
Vinci Surgical Robot is popular among
prostate and heart surgeries.
During surgery
the unit is remotely controlled by a surgeon
who moves the robot arms while watching
through an endoscopic camera. This robot has
become popular because it can perform
complex
operations
invasive.
Patients
while
have
being
less
reported
less
pain, blood, and a faster healing during
recovery than normal surgeries.

36. Computer Development
[Present/Beyond]
 In now-a-days Windows 8 and 8.1 are working or may be in the
future:

37. Disadvantages of Computer
 Potentially destroy your social life and interactions with humans.
 It may effect to the destruction of your eye sight due to radiation.
 It may cause pimples and wrinkles.
 It may damage your studies and life.
 Too much time in front of monitor may make you fat.
 Distract towards unproductive activities.
 Cause violation of privacy, impact on labor force, health
risks, impact on environment, distraction from work, and possible
antisocial influences.

38. Disadvantages of Robot
 Robot works on human instructions,
who can track the robots in
wrong direction.
 Robots can’t
help like human in emergency because robots still
need serious development.
 Robots can’t work more than installed instructions, limited thinking.