17. Classification by processes
-Arable farming: It is the ploughing of the land and growing of
crops
-Pastoral farming: It is the leaving of land under grass and the
rearing of animals: Cattle ranching on the Prairies, USA
-Market gardening: It is when fruit, flowers and vegetables
are grown under conditions
-Mixed farming: Crops are grown and animals are reared in the
same area
18.
19. -Hill sheep farms: wool
-Cattle farms: cows for milk (dairy
farming)
-Arable farms: cereal crops such as
wheat, vegetables as potatoes
-Mixed farms
-Market gardening: fruit, vegetables
and flowers
30. Some changes in commercial
farming
-Mechanization
-Increased farm size: agribusiness
-Increased field size
-Increased use of chemicals: fertilizers and pesticides
-Organic farming: without chemicals
-Natural environments
-The Environmental Stewardship (ES) Scheme: creating wildlife habitats
-Farm diversification
-Genetically modified (GM) crops: While they might help reduce food shortages
(resist a disease) they may also create environmental problems
33. The use of fertilizer and farm waste
-Farmers spread slurry, which is animal waste, over
their fields, cheaper to use than chemical fertilizer,
and slurry contain nitrate, that if it is excessive in
rivers acts as a fertilizer and results in the rapid
growth of algae and other plants. These use up large
amounts of oxygen, leaving too little for fish life