20. INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE CAUSES &ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS Disease Risk factors Complex small vessel disease with disruption of vessel wall Age Hypertension Amyloid angiopathy Familial (rare) Age Impaired blood clotting Anticoagulant therapy Blood dyscrasia Thrombolytic therapy Vascular anomaly Arteriovenous malformation Cavernous haemangioma Substance misuse Alcohol Amphetamines Cocaine
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22. Investigations in acute stroke: Diagnostic question Investigation Is it a vascular lesion? CT/MRI Is it ischaemic or haemorrhagic? CT/MRI Is it a subarachnoid haemorrhage? CT Lumbar puncture Is there any cardiac source of embolism? Electrocardiogram (ECG) Echocardiogram What is the underlying vascular disease? Duplex ultrasound of carotids Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) CT angiography (CTA) Contrast angiography What are the risk factors? Full blood count Cholesterol Blood glucose Is there an unusual cause? ESR Clotting/thrombophilia screen