Textile Industry Wastewater Treatment Techniques
The textile industry uses large amounts of water and chemicals in the dyeing and finishing processes, creating wastewater with high levels of color, dissolved solids, and toxic metals. Various treatment methods are used to reduce the pollution in textile wastewater, including oxidation with ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and UV light; electrolytic precipitation; photo catalytic degradation; and thermal evaporation. Even after treatment, the wastewater effluent still contains high levels of some chemicals and hardness according to the data presented, demonstrating the challenges of treating textile industry wastewater. Innovative technologies discussed for treating textile wastewater include ozonation, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, crystallization,
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Textile Industry Wastewater Treatment Techniques
- 3. INTRODUCTION The textile dyeing and finishing sector uses large volumes of water and substantial quantities of complex chemicals. Significant challenges associated with the acquisition and disposal of the raw materials. The charges incurred for mains water supply and effluent disposal are increasing, and companies need to address these issues to save money and remain competitive.
- 6. POLLUTION PROBLEMS IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY Color Dissolved solids Toxic metals Residual chlorine Others (like non-biodegradable organics)
- 7. TEXTILE INDUSTRY WASTE WATER CHARACTERISTICS
- 8. TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER
- 9. Oxidation techniques: the treatment of synthetic dye house effluent by ozonization, and hydrogen peroxide in combination with Ultraviolet light; Sodium hypochlorite decolorizes dye Electrolytic precipitation & Foam fractionation: reduction in the cathode space of an electrolytic bath; surface-active solutes collect at gas-liquid interfaces Photo catalytic degradation: photoactive catalyst illuminates with UV light, generates highly reactive radical, which can decompose organic compounds. Thermal evaporation: Use of sodium per sulphate; oxidative decolourisation of reactive dye by persulphate due to the formation of free radicals
- 11. EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS AFTER TREATMENT Parameters Influent Primary treatment Ozonation RO Stage I RO Stage II Permeate Reject Permeate Reject pH 9.88 9.61 6.92 6.03 6.72 5.76 7.04 Total suspended solids, mg/l 167 56 19 6 70 6 124 Total dissolved solids, mg/l 3104 1946 3256 922 9830 196 17828 Chemical oxygen demand, mg/l 586 166 130 26 327 17 754 Biochemical oxygen demand, mg/l 190 41 41 1 16 2 208 Total Hardness, mg/l 96 60 Nil 1080 Chlorides, mg/l 334 636 692 314 108 34 4416 Colour, % purity <10 <10 Colorless Colorless <10 Colourless 10-20
- 12. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY Ozonation- used for oxidation of organics and inorganic, deodorization, and decolourisation Nanofilteration and Ultrafilteration- difference between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration/nanofilteration is primarily the retention properties of the membranes Crystallization- formation of solid crystals from a homogeneous solution; used to recover salts. Multiple Effect Evaporation- vertical cell in which stainless steel tube is mounted; evaporator systems works on falling liquid film theory.