1. Climate Change and Ozone Depletion “Climate change is a far greater threat to the world than international terrorism.” Sir David King, UK Chief Scientist Presenter: Shakeel Ahmed Roll No: MUSTD/08/03

2. Agenda 1- “Why should we be concerned about Global Warming?” 2- The greenhouse Effect 3- Who are Responsible for Global Warming 4- KEYOTO Protocol 5- Pakistan Environmental Policy 6- Conclusions

3. “Why should we be concerned about Global Warming?” Climate Change are the greatest environmental threat of the 21st Century, during the 80s and early 90s scientists argued about the causes and effects of Climate change. In the late 1990s scientists reached a consensus that climate change was a cause for concern. “When we were industrializing and growing, we didn’t know any better; neither did Europe, now we’re smart enough to figure out how to have the right kind of growth & that is by protecting our environment. we hope rest of the world won’t make the same mistakes we made” Secretary of State, Hillary Rodham Clinton, 23-02-2009 in China

4. Greenhouse gases are gases in an atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect.

5. Explanation of the causes of global warming

6. Some Important Facts • Asia by 2050s: – Freshwater availability is projected to decrease – Coastal areas, especially heavily-populated mega delta regions will be greatest risk from sea flooding (Like Tsunami) • Africa by 2020: – Between 75 & 250 million people projected to be exposed increased water stress – In some countries, yields from rain-fed agriculture would be reduced by 50% • Small Island States: – Sea Level rise is expected to worsen flood, storm surge, erosion and other coastal hazards threatening vital infrastructure – By mid-century reduced water resources in many small island state

7. Who are Responsible Tons / Year * Gross domestic product (GDP) * Purchasing power parity (PPP)

8. What is Happening Now? Individuals, businesses, and governments are worried enough about the effects of global warming to be beginning to take some action. Hence, the Kyoto Protocol. This international treaty, signed in December 1997, is now on the table for countries to endorse and most of them have done so. Countries who do so will make commitments for emissions cuts, with the industrial countries cutting the most. The goal is to cut emissions of greenhouse gases by an average 5.2 percent below 1990 levels by 2012. The protocol is considered binding once the treaty is ratified by industrialized countries that contributed 55 percent of the greenhouse gases emitted in 1990 to 2000.

9. Pakistan Policy Action Plan 2005 In Order to effectively address challenges posed by climate change and to protect the ozone layer, the Government may: a- Devise and Implement the National Climatical Change Policy and Action Plan. b- Establish National clean development Mechanism Authority. c- Develop and Implement policy and operational work for effective management of CDM Processes. d- Promote the Ozone friendly Technologies. e- Phase out the use of ozone depleting substances inline with the provision of the Motreal Protocol.

10. Impact of Climate Change on Pakistan (As Identified in Policy 2005) a- Water Resources b- Agricultural Production c- Forestry and Land use Changes d- Coastal Zones e- Extreme Effects

11. Policy Response on Climate Change in Pakistan (As defined in Policy 2005) a- Pakistan National Communication b- Impact Assessment and Adaptation c- Awareness Raising and Capacity Building d- Green House Gas Inventory e- Mitigation Options

12. Conclusion “The People who caused this, need to cure it” 3- By working and convincing others on cleaner energy policy, technology and finance to create an enabling environment for sustainable energy – one which promotes reduced greenhouse gas emissions through increased energy efficiency and renewable energy use.

13. References and Sources 1- Pakistan Environmental Policy, 2005. 2- WWW.CANA.NET “Climatic Action Network Australia” 3- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas 4- http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=100 6012801212 5- http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/22/world/asia/ 22diplo.html?_r=1 6- http://www.unep.org/pdf/081127_POZNANBKL_ web.pdf