This Presentation is prepared by Shakeel Ahmed, the topic is about the Manhattan Project, the development is Atomic Bomb in USA.

1. Manhattan Project Developing the Atomic Bomb A Presentation by Shakeel Ahmed For the Course “Technology and Innovation Systems” Under the Topic Innovation System of USA Date: 02-03-2009

2. Objectives: The purpose of this presentation is to inform you regarding the development of the first atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).

3. Manhattan Project The Manhattan project not only helped bring an end to World War II, but it also advanced the knowledge of the atomic age and determined how future wars would be fought.

4. This was a project to develop the first atomic bomb during World War II. “Manhattan Project” was a code name to keep the project concealed. The project involved roughly 125,000 people and cost more than $2 billion, yet it remained top secret throughout WWII. Project research and productions sites took place all across the United States.

5. Albert Einstein In 1939, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to President Franklin Roosevelt warning that Germany was secretly trying to develop an atomic bomb and urged U.S to do likewise.

6. Einstein’s Letter

7. President Franklin Roosevelt Roosevelt wrote Einstein back informing him that he immediately set up a committee to begin atomic research. FR believed the United States could not take the risk of waiting and allowing Hitler to have the power of developing the first atomic bomb.

8. Locations Research and production sites of the Manhattan Project were located all across the United States. Laboratories and manufacturing facilities were secretly constructed just for project.

9. Main project research locations of the United States

10. People Many people were involved in the project including administrators, researchers, scientists, and more. Top picture: Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard Bottom Picture: J. Robert Oppenheimer, Enrico Fermi, and Ernest Lawrence

11. J. Robert Oppenheimer Oppenheimer eagerly joined the project at Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory at Berkeley. In June 1942 he was appointed the scientific director of the Project. He managed over 3,000 people and is often referred as the “father” of the atomic bomb.

12. Enrico Fermi Born in Italy, Fermi created a nuclear fission chain reaction, which was critical to creating the atomic bomb. In 1944, he joined the Manhattan Project and then became the chief scientist.

13. Ernest Lawrence During WWII, Lawrence was in charge of the electromagnetic separation work at Oak Ridge which provided uranium 235 for the atomic bomb . He was known as the “Atomic Smasher” and the man who “held the key” to atomic energy.

14. The Trinity Test On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was exploded at the Alamogordo air base near Albuquerque, NM. A ball of fire rose rapidly, followed by a mushroom cloud extending to 40,000 feet. The bomb generated an explosive power equivalent to 20,000 tons of TNT.

15. Success The Trinity Test resulted in great success. This was the world’s first ever atomic explosion. After President Harry Truman received the word, he knew the atomic bomb would create a great advantage in World War II. Truman in Potsdam, Germany after receiving word that the Trinity Test was a success.

16. Use of Atomic Bombs in WWII It was finally decided to use the atomic bomb in the war and two more atomic bombs were created by the project. The uranium “Little Boy” bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. The plutonium “Fat Boy” bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.

17. Conclusion President Harry Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bomb is one of the most controversial issues in American History. The creation of the Atomic Bomb helped bring an end to World War II.

18. Links http://www.cfo.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/index.htm http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/science/30manh.html?_r=2&oref=slogin&oref=slogin http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9050535/Manhattan-Project http://www.atomicarchive.com/History/mp/index.shtml