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Toxins
Bacterial Exotoxins
staph
                      can produce superantigen
strep
                      ~lysins that lyse membrane by pore formation, also superantigen
diphtheria toxin            inhibits EF-2 and thereby protein synthesis
clostridium perfringens     alpha toxin that degrades membrane phospholipids (PLC)
clostridium tetani
         tetanus toxin inhibits vesicle release from inhibitory interneurons => spasm
clostridium botulinum
      botox inhibits vesicle release at NMJ => paralysis
clostridium difficile
       GLUCOSYLATES small ATPases, changes cytoskeleton, makes epi leaky
bacillus anthracis
         toxin is adenylate cyclase
shiga toxin
                glycosiDASE, modifies rRNA => stops protein synthesis
E.coli labile toxin
        similar to cholera toxin, ribosylates Gs always ON
E.coli stable toxin         upregulates cGmp
E.coli haemolysin
          lyses red cells by pore formation
bordetella pertussis toxin
 ribosylates Gi always OFF
cholera toxin               ribosylates Gs always ON
helicobacter pylori

       VacA vacuolating toxin, CagA increases proliferation => link to cancer
yersinia pestis
            YopT changes cytoskeleton,YopP induces apoptosis



Other
plasmodium falsiparum           GPI (glycosylphosphotidyl inositol), activating TNFa and ICAMs
fungi                           Ergotamine, aflatoxin...
Vaccines

Viruses
• attenuated
           polio, measles, mumps, rubella, yellow fever   (pathology makes me reallY feverish)
• deletion mutant
      rabies
• killed virus
         polio, influenza, rabies, f&m, hep A            (pathology is rapidly found hell)
• subunit
              hep B




Bacteria
• live (aTTenuated)
   Typhoid, TB
• inactivated
         whooping cough, cholera
• ToxoiD
              tetanus, diphtheria
• subunit
             pneumonia, meningitis
Zoonoses
Viruses
• west nile
• yellow fever
• vaccinia
• ebola
• rabies
• influenza A, avian flu
• japanese encephalitis
• lassa fever
• SARS
• HIV (?)


Bacteria                   Zoonotic               NOT Zoonotic
                           EHEC 0157              MRSA
• EHEC                     Salmonella Enteridis   Salmonella TYPHUS
• salmonella enteritidis   and Typhinurium        Shigella
• yersinia pestis          C. Difficile            Cholera
                           TB                     Dysentery
                           Campylobacter
                           Listeria
                           Plague
                           Anthrax
                           Lyme
                           Ricksettia
Propagated Outbreaks
Bacteria
mnemonic
tuesday         - typhoid
wednesday       - whooping cough
thursday        - TB
days            - diphtheria
gone            - gonorrhea
devising        - dysentery
catchy          - cholera
mnemonics




Food Poisoning
Cl. Botulism
Cl Perfingens (spores)
Staph Aureus
Salmonella enteritidis NOT typhi
E.Coli
0157 (EHEC)
ETEC (9/04Q30e)
Listeria (yes)
Campylobacteria
cholera (9/04 Q 30A)
HepA

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Popular Pathology MCQ Topics

  • 1. Toxins Bacterial Exotoxins staph can produce superantigen strep ~lysins that lyse membrane by pore formation, also superantigen diphtheria toxin inhibits EF-2 and thereby protein synthesis clostridium perfringens alpha toxin that degrades membrane phospholipids (PLC) clostridium tetani tetanus toxin inhibits vesicle release from inhibitory interneurons => spasm clostridium botulinum botox inhibits vesicle release at NMJ => paralysis clostridium difficile GLUCOSYLATES small ATPases, changes cytoskeleton, makes epi leaky bacillus anthracis toxin is adenylate cyclase shiga toxin glycosiDASE, modifies rRNA => stops protein synthesis E.coli labile toxin similar to cholera toxin, ribosylates Gs always ON E.coli stable toxin upregulates cGmp E.coli haemolysin lyses red cells by pore formation bordetella pertussis toxin ribosylates Gi always OFF cholera toxin ribosylates Gs always ON helicobacter pylori VacA vacuolating toxin, CagA increases proliferation => link to cancer yersinia pestis YopT changes cytoskeleton,YopP induces apoptosis Other plasmodium falsiparum GPI (glycosylphosphotidyl inositol), activating TNFa and ICAMs fungi Ergotamine, aflatoxin...
  • 2. Vaccines Viruses • attenuated polio, measles, mumps, rubella, yellow fever (pathology makes me reallY feverish) • deletion mutant rabies • killed virus polio, influenza, rabies, f&m, hep A (pathology is rapidly found hell) • subunit hep B Bacteria • live (aTTenuated) Typhoid, TB • inactivated whooping cough, cholera • ToxoiD tetanus, diphtheria • subunit pneumonia, meningitis
  • 3. Zoonoses Viruses • west nile • yellow fever • vaccinia • ebola • rabies • influenza A, avian flu • japanese encephalitis • lassa fever • SARS • HIV (?) Bacteria Zoonotic NOT Zoonotic EHEC 0157 MRSA • EHEC Salmonella Enteridis Salmonella TYPHUS • salmonella enteritidis and Typhinurium Shigella • yersinia pestis C. Difficile Cholera TB Dysentery Campylobacter Listeria Plague Anthrax Lyme Ricksettia
  • 4. Propagated Outbreaks Bacteria mnemonic tuesday - typhoid wednesday - whooping cough thursday - TB days - diphtheria gone - gonorrhea devising - dysentery catchy - cholera mnemonics Food Poisoning Cl. Botulism Cl Perfingens (spores) Staph Aureus Salmonella enteritidis NOT typhi E.Coli 0157 (EHEC) ETEC (9/04Q30e) Listeria (yes) Campylobacteria cholera (9/04 Q 30A) HepA