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1. 1
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
WE ARE INTHE RACE
!!! SUBMITTED BY :
SALONI
GCS/122207

2. 1.Introduction
2.Artificial Intelligence
3.History
4.Goals of Artificial Intelligence
5.Programming languages
6.Test of AI
7.Advantages and disadvantages of AI
8.Conclusion
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3. 3
WHAT IS
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
??????

4. ARTIFICIAL:- The simple definition of artificial is that
objects that are made or produced by human beings
rather than occurring naturally.
INTELLIGENCE:-
 The simple words intelligence is a process that consist
of a set of skills of problem solving, enabling to
resolve genuine problems or difficulties that are
encountered in daily life .
Possible definition:
 intelligence is the ability to form plans to achieve
goals by interacting with an information-rich
environment
4

5. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
 AI is the science of making machines do things that would
require intelligence if done by human.
 A.I is mainly concerned with the popular mind with the
robotics development, but also the main field of practical
application has been as an embedded component in the areas
of software development which require computational
understandings and modeling such as
 Speech recognition
 Face recognition.
 data mining .etc……..
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6.  STRONGE AI :
 Strong AI is about building a machine that is capable of emulating the
human mind to such an extent that it matches or exceeds it.
 Strong AI is machine intelligence with full range of human intelligence.
 WEAK AI :
 Weak AI is a system that uses a set of pre- programmed rules to apply
them to any tasks, to reach a successful fulfillment.
 Simply say that its collection of “ If this ,then that “ rules of rationality.
 Example : siri app reminder….etc.
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7.  The Brain serving as a powerhouse of thoughts, innovation
& creativity is believed to be ‘unreplicable’ .
 To put it in simple terms:
we cannot make a computer feel for an event emotionally
or think like we do.
 The element
of ‘intuitional choice’ and absolute randomness is what that
draws a fine line between us and the machines.
 Even though a computer can calculate a million chess
positions against its human counterpart in a Chess game, it
‘does’ fail in a match with a human .
7
FACTS

8. • Even, Google admits that the human brain still beats Algorithms.
•Computers can never become intelligent until they find a way to impart
intuition and the ability to combine logic with imagination in the tasks
they do.
• Einstein & Newton didn’t become the masterminds just because they
were applying the right logic &formulas every time.
•Einstein got his insights through pure imagination and inspiration.
Newton was inspired by an Apple.
8

9.  Recently, the CAPTCHA system was successfully cracked
by an algorithm developed by anA.I firm,Vicarious. It
recognized the text CAPTCHA with 91 % accuracy. (Human
Accuracy stands at 70 %!)
When scientists at Google’s secret Lab built a brain
simulation with 16000 computers with 1 billion
connections, the computers particularly identified pictures
of Cats, recognized humans, their body parts and objects
too!
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10. Mind Uploading
• Mind Uploading involves transferring our brain to a digital
storage medium and moving conscious memory from one to
another.
•Although it sounds too fictional, Google futurist claims that
humans will be able to upload their entire brain to computers
and become digitally immortal! Mind uploading and emulation
could make us super intelligent, super fast and immortal in real
world.
10

11. •The Future will be like ‘The Matrix’ movie where everyone will
be plugged in to computers with Brain Computer Interface
BCIs.
• Assuming that A.I would not have us as slaves or do anything
evil, mind uploading sounds really cool.
• Although some argue over the impracticality of this approach,
mind uploading remains the ultimate embodiment of machine
and mind.
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12. With help of AI we Can Developed system that :-
 Can learn from examples and past
 Can solve complex Mathematical problems
 Can find out complex strategies for Business and
military
 Can Diagnosed Medical Decease.
 Can recognize an Object from Photograph and camera
sensor .
 Can understand human language , etc…
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13. 13

14. 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 1991
14
1950s:The Beginnings of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Research
•1941 – Development of electronic computer.
• 1949 – Storage devices came into existence.
•1951 -The first working AI programs were written in
the Ferranti Mark I machine of the University of
Manchester (UK):
 a draughts-playing program written by Christopher
Strachey and
 a chess-playing program written by Dietrich Prinz.
•1956 – Dartmouth conference.
The person who finally coined the term artificial intelligence
and is regarded as the father of the of AI is John McCarthy.
John McCarthy, who defines the term as "the science and engineering of
making intelligent machines".

15. 1960s:-
•Stated as golden era due to
invention of lisp language.
•SHRDLU created byTerryWinograd ,Robot arm
responded to commands .
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 1991
15

16. •General logic programming language
•Developed in France
•Remains one of most
Popular programming
languages today
PROLOG Language
Revealed
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 1991
16

17.  1980:- AIWINTER(faced many critics)
 1980s - AI research was revived by the commercial
success of expert systems, a form of AI program that
simulated(copied) the knowledge and analytical skills of
one or more human experts.
(billion dollars).
 Artificial intelligence came into use for logistics, data
mining, medical diagnosis and many other areas
throughout the technology industry.
17
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 1991

18. 1990 :-
 From 1990s until the turn of the century, AI has reached some
incredible landmarks with the creation of intelligent agents.
Intelligent agents basically use their
surrounding environment to solve problems in the most efficient
and effective manner.
 In 1997,IBM Deep Blue was the first computer to defeat a chess
Grandmaster, Garry Kasparov .
 In 1995, theVaMP car drove an entire 158 km racing track without
any help from human intelligence.
 In 1999, humanoid robots began to gain
popularity as well as the ability to walk around freely
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1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 1991

19.  1987-1993 : Second winter .
 1995 - Invention of Mercury.
 Used in missile systems, in drones, etc.
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AI Military Systems
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 1991

20. 20
Goals of
Artificial
Intelligence

21. GOALS OF A.I
The general problem of creating intelligence has been broken
down
into a number of specific sub-problems. These consist of particular
traits or capabilities that researchers would like an intelligent
system to display. The traits described below have received the
most attention.
 Deduction, reasoning, problem solving:-
i. Human solve by intelligence not step to step.
ii. algorithms can require enormous computational
resources and problem goes beyond a certain size.
iii. To search for more efficient problem-solving
algorithms is a high priority forAI research.
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22.  AI has overcome the problem by :-
i. Imitating this kind of "sub-symbolic" problem
solving
ii. Neural net research attempts to simulate the
structures inside the brain that give rise to this
skill; statistical approaches to AI mimic the
probabilistic nature of the human ability to guess.
 Planning:-
i. Intelligent agents must be able to set goals and
achieve them.They need a way to visualize the future
and be able to make choices that maximize the utility
(or "value") of the available choices.
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23.  Natural language processing:-
i. Some straightforward applications
of natural language processing include
information retrieval(or text mining)
and machine translation.
 Motion and manipulation:-
The field of robotics is closely related to
AI:
i. object manipulation and navigation
ii. localization mapping, and
iii. motion planning .
23

24.  Perception:-
Machine perception is the ability
to use input from sensors (such as cameras,
microphones, sonar and others). Computer
vision is the ability to analyze visual input
A few selected subproblems are speech
recognition facial recognition and object recognition.
 Social intelligence:-
Emotion and social skills play two roles for an
intelligent agent.
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25. HOWTO MAKETHIS HAPPEN
 Methods include:
 Neural networks: systems with very strong pattern
recognition capabilities.
 Fuzzy systems: techniques for reasoning under
uncertainty, has been widely used in modern industrial
and consumer product control systems.
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26.  Security:
 Face recognition
 Speaker verification
 Fingerprint analysis
 Medicine:
 General diagnosis
 Detection of heart
defects
 Recognizing genes
 Botanical classification
 Bacteria identification
 Engineering :
 Robotics
 Speech recognition
 Gaming
 Machinery defect
diagnosis
 Signal processing
 Character recognition
 Process supervision
 Process fault analysis
 Machine vision
 Radar signal
classification
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27. 27
NEURAL NETWORK

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•TelephoneTranslation
• Autonomous Cars (Uses Fuzzy Logic
Not Boolean logic)
•Chess ,8 Block puzzles , O-X Blocks, etc
•Chatter Bots

29. TELEPHONETRANSLATORS
 A computer intercepts the voice, translates
what was said, and synthetically generate the
appropriate words to the person on the other
line.
 The translator needs an advanced voice
recognition, natural language processing
and inference to extract what was spoken by
the people on phone.
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30.  Watson is aWorkload Optimized
system based on IBM
DeepQAarchitecture , running on
cluster of IBM POWER 7 processor
based server.
 More than 100Tech uses to identify
the :
o Natural Languages
o Identify Sources
o Find & Generate Hypothesis
o Find & Score Evidences
o Merge & Rank Hypothesis
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Watson

31. Watson Have….
 90 Clustered IBM powered 750 server
 Each server featured 32 POWER 7 processors
 Running 3.55GHz cores
 16TB Memory that can operate over 80
teraflops(Trillian of operation per Second)
 Ability to learn Natural languages processing
 Watson Competed against 2 of the most well known
& successful Jeopardy champion Ken Jennings and
Brad Rutter on 14 feb,2011.
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32. 32
The Machine which
can reduce the human
effort , time and cost
and also stickily follow
all the commands of its
owner .
Now a day robots are
wildly used in the
Scientific research,
Industries ,medical
area , home workout
,etc….

33.  I Robot of Sony (AI + Emotions)
 HAL 9000
 StarTrek (AI Fiction)
 KIIT Cars
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34.  Computer AI
The "brain" of KITT is the Knight 2000 microprocessor which is the
centre of a "self-aware" cybernetic logic module that allowed KITT to
think, learn, communicate and interact with humans.
 Alpha Circuit
It’ s Main control system which allows the CPU to drive the car.
 Pyroclastic Lamination
Sustained temperatures of up to 800 degrees Fahrenheit (426 °C).
 Voice Synthesizer
Allowed his logic module to speak and communicate.
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35.  Listed below are some of the languages
specifically designed to developAI
applications
o LISP
o Prolog
o Mercury
o APPLOG
 Java,C,C++,Python,Perl also can be used.
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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES USEDTO
DEVELOP AI

36.  Second oldest higher level programming
languge.
 Invented by John McCaethy in 1958 and first
implemented by Steve Russel on an IBM 704
computer.
 Number of dialect have existed over LISP
history:
Eg: - Common LISP
- Scheme
36

37.  Created as a practical mathematical notation
for computer science based on lambda
calculus.
 Gave birth to many ideas in computer science
including:
o Tree data structure
o Automatic storage
management
o Dynamic typing
37

38.  Prolog is a logic programming language which was
invented in 1972 by Alain .
 Prolog was one of the first logic programming
language, and remains among the most popular such
language today.
 The language has since then stretched far into others
areas like:
o Theorem proving
o Expert System
o Games
o Automatic answering systems
o Creating graphic user interface.
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39.  Mercury is a functional logic programming language
geared towards real-world applications.
 The first version was released on April 8 ,1995.
 Mercury is based on the prolog logic language.It has
the same syntax ,and the same basic concept ,it can
truly be viewed as a pure subset of prolog with strong
types and modes.
 The language is designed with good software
engineering principles in mind.
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40.  Unlike Prolog , it has a separate compilation
phase, rather than being directly interpreted
,which allows a much wider range of errors to be
caught before running a program.
 The authors claim that Mercury is the fastest
logic language in the world ,by a wide margin.
 Mercury is available for most Unix
platforms,including Mac OS X, and Microsoft
Windows.
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41. “
A turning test the test of a machine’s ability to exhibit
intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from,
that of a human”
WHAT ACTUALLY OCCURS IN THE TEST????
 we setup a conversation between two AI chatbots to see
what the result would be.
 We observe the two chatbots , deeply ,they discussed
poetry, insulted each other and shared words.
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42. Advantages of AI
 Makes life easier
 Higher and better productivity
 Robots keep learning
 Provides safety
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43. Disadvantages of AI
 Not always the right judgment.
 Many people end up without a job.
 The Singularity (Robots may go out of control): Here is where
Artificial intelligence gets evil.
Technological Singularity
or simply ‘Singularity’ means
‘The End’ to the humans.
Artificial Intelligence will
one day (for sure) overtake us.
Singularity is the theoretical
moment in time where
the machines will be
smarter than us.
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PRIMARY TARGET
“HUMANS” !!!

44.  According to Irving John Good, the last invention of the
human race will be the ultra intelligent machines.
 Since an ultra intelligent machine would have surpassed all
human capabilities, it will build machines that are far beyond
the human intellect. That definitely sounds spooky, isn’t it?
 Unfriendly A.I is much more likely to happen than friendly
A.I.
 But there is a slim chance that we beat them if they turn
against us. Either we become the machines that we fight /
get some help from friendly A.Is. 44

45. 45
ROBOCON (1987)
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(2001)
IROBOT (2004)
WALL E (2008)

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THANK YOU