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设计开发实效 Web2.0 应用程序
- 1. 设计开发实效 Web2.0 应用程序 朱可 (@shawnzhu) 软件工程师 IBM 中国开发实验室新兴技术中心
- 2. 内容概况 从实际出发看 Web2.0 应用程序开发 • 趋势和主题 • 从核心问题入手 • 实用主义观点 • 工具和技能 2
- 3. Web2.0: 2010 • 社会网络与社会化游戏 • 在线Web应用程序商店 • 微博客 • 在线商店和在线支付 • 基于位置和地理信息的应用 • 互联网电视、在线电影和视频 Copyright 2010 © IBM Corporation 3
- 4. Web2.0 开发的核心问题 • 更多的用户数量 • 更多的在线任务 • 越来越多的相互联系的数据 • 安全威胁与隐私保护 • 新的客户端平台 4
- 5. Web2.0 开发新主题 基于Web的开放编程接口 大规模数据分析 云计算 移劢Web 5
- 6. Web 应用程序之实用主义观点 • 用户体验 (User experience) • 成本 (Costs) • 系统复杂度 (System complexity) • 可测试的系统 (Testable system) • 行劢敏捷 (Do things agile) 6
- 7. 用户体验 7
- 8. “It's the Customer, Stupid!” • 简单易用的用户体验设计 • 清晰的信息架构 • 多重访问渠道 • 浏览器 移劢设备同步应用 API 访问 (如 OpenSocial) 8 (http://thepcsecurity.com/use-multiple-browsers-to-ensure-internet-security/) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSocial)
- 9. 简单易用的用户体验设计 保持一致的 UI 模型 • Yahoo! Design library • Dijit from Dojo toolkit • jQuery widget (http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/selection/autocomplete.html) 提供反馈信息 保持简洁 9 (http://ajaxian.com/archives/dissecting -dijit-dojo-widgets)
- 10. 用户体验设计之 IBM OneUI <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/core.css" type="text/css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/defaultTheme.css" type= "text/css"/> … <body class="lotusui"> … 描述 CSS 和 HTML 结构 • 通用布局 • UI 组件 • 主题 10
- 11. 清晰的信息架构设计 Logo Category Title Navigation tab Tips & wizard Filters Common links Footer 11
- 12. 信息架构设计之HTML文档参考 <body> <header><nav><!-- navigation --></nav></header> <aside><!-– filters in tag cloud --></aside> <div> <section><!-– tips --></section> <section><!–- content list --></section> <!–- other sections --> </div> <footer><!-- declaration --></footer> </body> 12
- 13. 通过良好的架构管理系统复杂 度，控制运营成本 13
- 14. 实效Web2.0应用程序架构 • 应用设计原则分离关注点 – 会话(session)信息的保存 负载平衡器 – 事务与数据一致性检查 – 可用性 Web应用 Web应用 – 规模化 Web容器 Web容器 – 数据存储 缓存 – 可管理性 主数据库 从数据库 典型Web2.0应用程序架构参考 14
- 15. 使用云计算基础设施部署 Web 应用 • 弹性基础设施 Public Network • 按需支付 • 高可伸缩性 Amazon Elastic • 海量数据存储 Load Balancing • 管理与监视能力 WebSphere sMash Amazon S3 On Amazon EC2 (Elastic CDN) Amazon RDB Amazon SimpleDB WebSphere sMash + Amazon Web Services 15
- 16. 在云计算平台上开发 Web 应用 使用方便但选择有限 • Google AppEngine: Python or Java • Sina AppEngine: PHP 按使用率付费 16
- 17. 可测试的系统 “Test when possible.” 17
- 18. 测试 Web2.0 应用程序 “Test twice, write once.” 普及单元测试 • JUnit, Ruby ‘test/unit’, Python ‘unittest’, PHPT 功能测试 • django.test.client.Client • curl • java.net.URLConnection 性能测试 • Apache JMeter, LoadRunner 集成测试 • Selenium 18
- 19. 工具和技能 • 新兴编程语言 • 云计算技术 • 新兴数据库技术 • 可复用的组件服务 • OpenID, Online Map, Google search, 在线 相册, 在线文件分享，即时通信服务(XMPP, Wave) 19
- 20. 选择数据库 • 关系型数据库 • 最为常用，面向结构化数据的查询和编辑 • 非关系型数据库(NoSQL) • 列数据库: HBase, Cassandra • 键值对数据库: CouchDB, MongoDB, AWS SimpleDB • 内容数据库: JCR, AWS S3 提示： 只有在 SQL 数据库无法满足功能性需要时，再选择 NoSQL 数据库 20
- 21. 行劢敏捷 21
- 22. 敏捷风格的开发过程 原则 • 尽早、经常地交付可用的软件 • 保持简单 方法论 • DRY – Don’t repeat your self • 尽可能多地测试 • 代码重构与设计重构 • 从错误和失败中学习 22
- 23. Web2.0 应用程序的安全 提防安全漏洞保护 Web 应用 • XSS (跨站脚本) • CSRF (跨站请求伪造) 使用开放安全协议保护用户隐私 • 使用 SSL 加密通信传输 • 使用 OpenID 管理用户身份信息 • 使用 OAuth 与第三方服务交换数据 23
- 24. 小结 • 简单易用的用户体验设计 • 通过良好的架构管理系统复杂度，控制运营成本 • 构建可测试的系统 • 把握敏捷行劢的原则和方法 • 注重应用程序安全和用户隐私 24
- 25. 参考信息 • Yahoo! Design Library • Amazon Web Services • IBM OneUI • Dojo toolkit • Projectzero 开发社区 • NoSQL 25
- 26. © IBM Corporation 2010. All Rights Reserved. The workshops, sessions and materials have been prepared by IBM or the session speakers and ref lect their own views. They are provided f or inf ormational purposes only, and are neither intended to, nor shall have the ef f ect of being, legal or other guidance or advi ce to any participant. While ef f orts were made to verif y the completeness and accuracy of the inf ormation contained in this presentation, it is provided A S IS without warranty of any kind, express or implied. IBM shall not be responsible f or any damages arising out of the use of , or otherwise related to , this presentation or any other materials. Nothing contained in this presentation is intended to, nor shall have the ef f ect of, creating any warranties or representations f rom IBM or its suppliers or licensors, or altering the terms and conditions of the applicable license agreement governing the use of IBM sof tware. Ref erences in this presentation to IBM products, programs, or services do not imply that they will be available in all countr ies in which IBM operates. Product release dates and/or capabilities ref erenced in this presentation may change at any time at IBM’s sole discretion bas ed on market opportunities or other f actors, and are not intended to be a commitment to f uture product or f eature availability in any way. Nothing contained in these materials is intended to, nor shall have the ef f ect of, stating or implying that any activities undertaken by you will result in any specif ic sales, revenue growth or other results. Perf ormance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual th roughput or perf ormance that any user will experience will vary depending upon many f actors, including considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O conf iguration, the storage conf iguration, and the workload processed. Theref ore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve results similar to those stated here. All customer examples described are presented as illustrations of how those customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and perf ormance characteristics may vary by customer. The f ollowing are trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries: ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml AIX, CICS, CICSPlex, DataPower, DB2, DB2 Universal Database, i5/OS, IBM, the IBM logo, IMS/ESA, Power Systems, Lotus, OMEGAMON, OS/390, Parallel Sysplex, pureXML, Rational, Redbooks, Sametime, SMART SOA, System z , Tivoli, WebS phere, and z/OS. A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the Web at “Copyright and trademark inf ormation” at ibm.com/legal/copytrade. shtml. Adobe, the Adobe logo, PostScript, and the PostScript logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems In corporated in the United States, and/or other countries. IT Inf rastructure Library is a registered trademark of the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency which is now part o f the Of f ice of Government Commerce Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both. Microsof t and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. ITIL is a registered trademark, and a registered community trademark of the Of f ice of Government Commerce, and is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Of f ice Intel and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and o ther countries. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. 26