2. Monitoring Process
Monitoring is ongoing assessment of
how activities and materials are being
implemented by whom, for whom, with
whom, how, when and where.
Two important approaches to program
evaluation are process and outcome
evaluation which can be further divided
into process and outcome monitoring.
Process monitoring falls under the
overall evaluation of a program.
3. Links between monitoring and evaluation
Dimension
Monitoring
Evaluation
Frequency
Periodic, occurs regularly Episodic
Function
tracking / oversight
Purpose
Improve efficiency,
provide information for
reprogramming to
improve outcomes
Improve effectiveness,
impact, value for money,
future programming,
strategy and
policymaking
Methods
Routine review of
reports, registers,
administrative
databases, field
observations
Scientific, rigorous
research design,
complex and
intensive
Information
source
Routine field observation,
reports, progress reports,
rapid assessment,
program review meetings
etc
Same sources used for
monitoring, plus
population-based
surveys, vital registration,
special studies
Assessment
4. Links between monitoring and evaluation
Dimension
Monitoring
Evaluation
Cost
Consistent, recurrent
costs spread across
implementation period
Episodic, often
focused at the
midpoint and end
of implementation
period
5. Who needs, uses M&E Information?
To Inform and improve
future programs
Managers
To Improve program
implementation…
Donors
Governments
Inform stakeholders
Donors
Governments
Communities
Beneficiaries
6. Who conducts M&E….?
Program implementer
Stakeholders
Beneficiary
Remember ..
M&E Technical skills
Participatory process
7. How to carry out M&E…?
Key Features
1.
Program Framework: Analyze and systematically lay out
program elements
2.
Identify key elements to monitor and evaluate.
3.
Determine and describe the measures to be used for
monitoring and evaluation
4.
Develop M&E Framework and action plans, including
data collection and analysis, reporting and dissemination
of findings.
8. Framework for successful
Process Monitoring
Step 1
Determine Purpose and Uses
Step 2
Develop Measurable Objectives
Step 3
Develop Evaluation Questions
Step 4
Collect/Gather Credible Evidence
Step 5
Analyze Information & Develop Conclusions
Step 6
Report Findings
10. Step 1 - Determine Purpose and Uses for
Your Process Monitoring
Purpose
The main purpose of process
monitoring is to improve how
things get done by answering
questions
about
program
operations, implementation, and
service deliver
Uses
➡
To
improve
program
implementation
➡ Context for understanding
effectiveness
➡ Accountability
➡ Quality management
12. Step 2 - Develop Measurable Process
Objectives
Process objectives are statements that describe
the specific implementation activities of an
intervention for a specified population within a
given timeframe. Process objectives focus on
“implementation activities”
13. Step 3 - Develop Process Evaluation
Questions
Once objectives are identified, you need
to develop specific questions that you
want your evaluation to answer. The
focus of evaluation questions in process
monitoring is describing the intervention
activities including the human and other
resources needed to carry them out, the
level of effort needed to accomplish each
activity, and the time frames in which
the activities will be conducted.
14. Step 4 - Collect/Gather Credible Evidence
for Process Monitoring
Process data can be collected at two
levels: student-level and programlevel.
15. Step 5 - Analyze Data & Justify Conclusions
about Your Process Monitoring
Data Analysis – the process of categorizing,
ordering, manipulating, and summarizing
data to obtain answers to evaluation
questions.
16. Step 6 - Report Findings about Your
Process Monitoring
Often times process monitoring serves
an accountability function. Specifically,
data from process measures can
provide information about the quality
of the program or services.
17. Scope of Monitoring
From an accountability perspective
From a management perspective
From an evaluators perspective
