1. Role of
Private and Public
Educational Institutions in
Enhancing Quality
Education

2. We consider it a privilege to place our deepest sense of
gratitude and sincere thanks to our beloved principal, Prof.N.V
Ramakrishna Murali for his sincere co-operation, guidance and
supervision during the course of this project work under taken
by us.
We are extremely thankful and wish to express our sincere
gratitude to our respected co-coordinator and our project
guide, Naveen Sir for his kind co-operation and for providing
valuable suggestions and constant encouragement for the
improvement and successful completion of this project.
Finally we thank all our friends, Faculty members & our
beloved sister Kusuma Shree.K for spending their valuable time
with us in designing this project
•
•

3. 1. Kavya Shree.K
2. Sheethal.K.N
3. Rajeshwari.B.S
4. Jayashree.G.S
5. Gunasheela.H.S
6. Chaitra Adiga
7. Shamya.K

5.  Introduction
 History
 Public Education
 Private Education
 Facts
 Criticisms On Education System
 Review Of Literature
 Findings
 Recommendations
 Bibliography

6. The greatest progress will occur in those countries where
education is widespread and where it encourages experimental
outlook. Educational development is a pre-condition of technological
change. The investments made in education accelerate economic
growth. The effective utilization of manpower depends on
education, training and industrial experience of the people. Education
is a basic infrastructure and it is important as defence of a country.
“Education Builds The Man So It Builds The Nation.”

7. With the gradual rise of
more complex civilizations in the
river valleys of Egypt and
Babylonia, knowledge became too
complicated to transmit directly
from person to person and from
generation to generation.
To be able to function in complex societies, man needed some way of
• accumulating,
• recording, and
• preserving his cultural heritage, so came the invention of WRITING

8. Because firsthand
experience a
place devoted
exclusively to
learning
THE SCHOOL
appeared.
And with the
school appeared
a group of adults
specially
designated as
TEACHERS
The method of learning was memorization, and the
motivation was the fear of harsh physical discipline. On an
ancient Egyptian clay tablet discovered by archaeologists, a
child had written:
"Thou didst beat me and knowledge entered my
head."

9. The History Of Education is the history of teaching and
learning. The earliest known universities, or places of higher
education, started teaching a millennium or more years ago.
The Gurukul System of
education supported traditional
Hindu residential schools of
learning. At the Gurukuls, the
teacher imparted
knowledge of:
•Warfare,
•Statecraft,
•Medicine
•Astrology
•Religion
•Scriptures
•philosophy
•Literature

10. The Nalanda University was the
oldest university-system of
education in the world. Some of the
other universities include
Takshashila University, Ujjain, &
Vikramshila Universities.
Western education became
ingrained into Indian society with
the establishment of the British.
Education in India falls under the
control of both the Union
Government and the states.

12. Education in India is mainly provided by the public sector.
Public educational institutions are part of a larger
educational system, which functions as a part of the
government and must follow the rules and regulations set
by politicians.
Control and funding of public educational institutions
come from three levels: federal, state, and local.

13. By law, public schools must accept all children. In many
cases, enrolling your child involves little more than filling out a
few forms and providing proof of your address to the local school
district office. In practice, however, getting your child into the
public school of his or her choice can be much more
complicated.
Finally, at the high school level, many districts in larger
metropolitan areas offer special schools with competitive
enrollment based on students' GPAs or artistic portfolios.

14. It's important to note that all teachers in a public
school are usually state certified or, at a minimum, working
toward certification. Certification ensures that a teacher has
gone through the training required by the state, which
includes student teaching and course work.

15. Women have much lower literacy rate than men. Far fewer girls are enrolled
in the schools, and many of them drop out. According to a 1998 report by
U.S. Department of Commerce, the chief barrier to female education in
India are inadequate school facilities and shortage of female teachers.
Conservative cultural attitudes, especially among Muslims, prevents some
girls from attending school Recently the Indian government has launched
Saakshar Bharat Mission for Female Literacy, this mission aims to bring
down female illiteracy by half of its present level.

16. Less than
primary
28%
Higher
secondary
and above
9%
10-year
secondary
11%
Middle
21%
Primary
31%
Female
Less than
primary
24%
Higher
secondary
and above
13%
10-year
secondary
14%
Middle
21%
Primary
28%
Male
primary is 5 yrs of completed schooling middle is 8 yrs,10 - year secondary is 10
years and higher secondary and above is 12 yrs or more

17. A large proportion of women in India are illiterates and ignorant.
The female literacy rate is just 54.16% as against male literacy rate
of 75.85%. Similarly combined gross enrolment ratio of female
was 48% percent as against 62% of males in1999.
Year Age Persons Males Females
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
5 years and above
5 years and above
5 years and above
7 years and above
7 years and above
7 years and above
18.33
28.30
34.45
43.57
52.21
65.38
27.16
40.40
45.95
56.37
63.86
75.85
8.86
15.34
21.97
29.75
39.45
54.16
Literacy rates in INDIA 1951-2001(%)

18. The Mid-day Meal Scheme is the popular name for school meal
programme in India. The State of Karnataka introduced the provision of cooked
meals in June 2002. It involves provision of lunch free of cost to school-children
on all working days. The key objectives of the programme are:
• protecting children from hunger
• increasing school enrolment
• attendance
• improved socialization
• addressing malnutrition.
12 crore (120 million) children are so far covered under the Mid-day
Meal Scheme. It has successfully involved private sector participation in the
programme. One such successful venture is Akshaya Patra, which started with
leadership from ISKCON in the Bangalore community. Food is delivered to
schools in sealed and heat retaining containers just before the lunch break every
day.

19. Education in India is also provided by the private
sector.
private educational institutions must generate
their own funding, which typically comes from a
variety of sources: tuition; private grants; and
fundraising from parents, alumni, and other
community members.

20. • According to current estimates, 80% of all
educational institutions are public educational
institutions and 27% of Indian children are privately
educated.
• Private educational institutions fail to provide
education to the poorest families.
• Private educational institutions do not receive tax
revenues, so they do not have to follow the same
sorts of regulations that govern public schools.

21. • Private educational institutions cover the entire
curriculum and offer extra-curricular activities such as
science fairs, general knowledge, sports, music and
drama.
• Private educational institutions must generate their
own funding, which typically comes from a variety of
sources: tuition; private grants; and fundraising from
parents, alumni, and other community members.
•Private educational institutions often provide superior
results than public educational institutions.

22. Private schools, by their very definition, are selective.
They are not obligated to accept every child, so getting
admitted may involve in-depth applications with multiple
interviews, essays, and testing. Because private schools
define the identity of their communities, they often pick and
choose between candidates based not only on their scholastic
achievement but also their ethnicity and religious background
as well as the special attributes (or assets) of their parents.

23. People assume that teachers
at private schools are as qualified as
those at public ones, it's important to
note that all teachers in a public
school are usually state certified or, at
a minimum, working toward
certification but Teachers in private
schools may not be required to have
certification. Instead, they often have
subject-area expertise and an
undergraduate or graduate degree in the subject they teach.

24. Smart Class is a comprehensive solution designed to assist teachers
in meeting with their day to day classroom challenges and enhancing
students academic performance with simple, practical and meaningful use of
technology.
Smart Class provides teachers with instant access to multimedia
content and instruction materials mapped exactly to the specific curriculum
guidelines for use in class.
Smart Class is highly efficient in maintaining student's interest and
engagement in learning inside the classroom. Smart Class simplifies the
problems of teaching concepts that are difficult for students to visualize. It
has interactive multi-media modules.

36. •There are 268 million illiterate people in India, unable to read, write
or make a reasoned decision and almost a third of the world’s total
number.
•India spends only 3.3 percent of its GDP on education, compared to
an average 5.8 percent in developed countries.
•In many states of India, 95 percent of all education budgets pay
teachers salaries, with less than 1 percent in some cases for schools
and materials.
•A girl’s education is an abruptly ended hope for millions of girls as
only 1 in 4 remain in school long enough to complete Class 10.
•Women receive on average only 1.8 years of schooling in India.

37. •Of the 32 million children that began school in 2004,
less than half will complete a compulsory 8 years of
education.
•Across India, there are 13 million working children,
many of whose lives were scripted the moment they
were born.
•Disorder, lack of discipline and poor conditions mean
that 1 in 4 teachers never turn up to class.
•Average class sizes are up to 40 students nationwide
and up to 83 in the Indian state of Bihar (North India).
•In 75 percent of schools there is only one teacher for
several classes.

38. • Modern education in India is often
criticized for being based on rote
learning.
•The expenditure spent on schools is
generally very less as compared the
admission fees of the students.
•The presence of a number of education boards
(SSC, ICSE, CBSE, IB) leads to non-uniformity.

39. •The boards are recently trying to improve quality of
education by increasing percentage of practical and
project marks. However, critics say even this is
memorized by students.
• Recently, the country has seen a
rise in instances of student suicides
due to low marks and failures,
especially in metropolitan cities.
•Ragging used to be a
major problem in colleges

40. •The general corruption prevalent
in India is also an issue in the
Education system.
•Student politics is also a major
issue, as many institutions are run
by politicians.
•Many people also criticize the reverse
discrimination inherent in caste, language and
religion-based reservations in education system.

42. Education builds the man so it builds the nation.
Today we claim to be the biggest human resources
supplier for the world, but are we concerned what
quality of human capital we are building and for whose
needs? We supply bureaucrats to the government,
software engineers to the IT companies around the
world, highly paid managers to the multinationals, we
supply engineers and science graduates as researchers
to the foreign universities. What capital are we building
for ourselves?

43. India needs artists who could make its culture the
most popular in the world. A culture which is not only
saleable itself but also helps in selling India’s products
across the world. In a nutshell, India needs Henry Fords,
Bill Gateses, Thomas Alva Edisons and Michael Jacksons
born and educated in India.
India aspires to be powerful, it wants to play a role
in the international community, for that to happen, its
economy has to grow multifold and for that to happen, it
requires a huge force of entrepreneurs who could
transform it into a nation which produces, from the one
which only consumes. India needs a huge force of
innovators who could make it self reliant in all kinds of
sciences and technologies.

44. One may say we had few. Yes, we had. M. S.
Swaminathan who made India self reliant in food
grains, Dhiru Bhai Ambani who proved a common man
can become a billionaire, Dr. Varghese Kurien who is
the father of Amul milk movement, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul
Kalam who dared to build missiles for India, Pundit
Ravishankar who is the ambassador of the Indian music
to the world. Such people though in small numbers, were
always there. But they are not the products of this education
system. This system did not teach them how to become
innovators or entrepreneurs or artists. Had it done so, they
would have been millions in numbers. These people were
inspired themselves.

45. 1. Best talents of the country working in the education sector.
2. A world class infrastructure.
3. Greater investments into education, public as well as private.
4. Education which encourages innovation and creativity.
5. Education which encourages entrepreneurship.
6. An education which makes a child sad when the last bell is
rung at the end of the day in the school.
A revolution means big changes. We expect the revolution in
education to bring lots of changes. These changes will result
into:

46. Education system in India is not good. most of the
students are not satisfied with this system that's why
they have to move foreign for their higher education. We
have a few college very less school. we have 550 million
population who are 1-21[age]. around 300 million
students are not studying. after passing twelfth class 46/
student prefer to go to college. We can say ten out one
student goes for higher study nine student hang around
here and there. after getting freedom we are failed to
provide good education for Indian youth. more then 2.50
lakh student go to abroad year and they pay 50,00 crore
rupee for higher education. we need more IIT's , IIM's
for stopping brain drain. India has 17000 colleges which
are affiliated to around 500 universities.
By: Santosh Chaudhary

47. Suggestions to improve education system.
1. Change the syllabus and teaching methods.
2. Select more and more attractive courses. which can be
beneficial for needy person. provide quality education to
your youth.
3. Infrastructure must be comfortable for students. if
someone is paying high fee then he will require good
quality and technology with study.
4. Provide them good course after metric education. and
trained teachers properly.
5. Fill the vacancy of teachers .

48. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
110
76 65
45
30
3
Teachers
Japan has 110 teachers for 1000 students for
engineering, medical and other management courses.
Germany has 76 teachers for 1000 students, America
has 65, South Korea has 46 and China has 30. But in
India there are only 3 teachers for the batch of 1000
students. That is why we are way behind to provide
professional education to our students.
Article Source: http://www.saching.com/

49. These are some bad effected points which are road-blocks
also. government will open 1500 new universities for
India's population of 130 crore. And central government
has shown some seriousness to this recommendation and
has issued ten thousand crores to provide higher
education. 100 IITs and IIMs can be opened every year
with the money that is transferred to other counties every
year when Indian students go to those countries.
Professionals play an important role in their country's
economic progress. But it is out misfortune that out
school system is in a 'dilapidated and devastated'
situation. For the 95 per cent students, technical and work
oriented education is just a dream. Professional education
institutes are the base of every country's economic
progress. But the gap between progressing and
progressed countries can not be filled in short term as for
as the professional and technical education is concerned.

50. • Several children do not even get a basic elementary
education.
• Private school students typically score higher than public
school students on standardized tests.
• Teacher absenteeism and lack of Teacher Accountability
are the major impediments in providing quality education to
the students in public schools.
• Achievement levels of students are indicators of the quality
of teaching – learning in schools. Performance of students
continues to remain at low levels both at primary and upper
primary levels.
• Both the private and government schools in smaller towns
and villages are uniformly pathetic.

51. • Even if one graduates from college, the graduates are mostly
unemployable, because of poor quality course material and teaching in the
colleges.
• Even if a student graduates from a higher secondary school, there are not
enough colleges. The only hope left to most high school graduates is
correspondence education. It is not clear to me whether one can be motivated
enough to study through the correspondence course material sitting at home.
• Just one out of nine children finishing school joins a college. India has one of
the lowest higher education enrollment ratio of 11 per cent. In the US it is 83 per
cent.
• A study by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council showed
that 90 per cent of the colleges and 70 per cent of the universities that the
council graded were of middling or poor quality
• On an average most Indian universities revise their curricula only once in five
to 10 years but even then they get defeated in both letter and spirit

52. • In 50 years, only 44 private institutions were granted deemed
university status by the University Grants Commission. In the last 5
years, it has granted that status to 49 more, leading to charges of
impropriety
• The quality of school education hasn’t improved. A recent study found
that in rural north India on an average day, there is no teaching activity in
about half” of the primary schools
• Almost half of the country’s population is below 25 years. Almost 10 per
cent of them or 12 crore are between the ages of 18 and 23. If they are
equipped with both knowledge and skills, they could drive India’s
entrepreneurial and Competitive spirit and make it into global power.
• Implementation of time bound projects and flagship programme like
DPEP, SSA and Mid Day Meal programme by the inspectorate with no
administrative support has affected the supervision of the schools.

53. • Compulsory free education should be made available till Class XII.
• Quality of teaching in public schools should be increased.
• Make the schools child friendly learning hubs.
• While providing adequate number of schools to match the
demand for enrolment, “Quality” was inadequately addressed and
“Equity” remained almost unattended.
• Build the capacities of the meritorious but poor children to
compete with others in common Admission Tests for Higher
Education courses and also in the competitive exams for high
profile jobs.

54. • Survey of schools for drafting a suitable plan of action to
bridge the gaps in academic and infrastructural aspects.
• Extend the benefit of career and academic guidance by
building up the capacities of the local teachers and lecturers
in High Schools and Junior colleges.
• Govt. schools should be run by private entities/
entrepreneurs.
• All education above higher secondary school level should
be primarily dealt with by private entities.

55. •Build the capacities of children from 7 standard
onwards to access various courses of higher education
according to their aptitude.
•College education through correspondence system to be
increased
•Streamlining the youth to various courses of higher
education and job market.
•School improvement program including English language
program to be put in place in Govt.schools.

56. •School improvement program including English language
program to be put in place in Govt.schools.
Impediments in the way of setting up for-profit private
colleges to be removed
•Alternate education must be promoted
•Building up awareness on the scholarships, incentives
and other facilities being provided for backward classes
by the Government.
•Universalization of good quality basic education:

57. • Expanding secondary education and improving quality
• Reforming vocational education and training
• Expanding and Improving Technical and Tertiary
Education:
• Building awareness on scholarship entitlements for
candidates along with special assistance programs under
the Government schemes.
•The rural women should now look for quality Education
for their children, which is the surest way out of poverty.

59. www.globalenvision.org
www.economist.com
www.indg.in/primary-education
www.timeshighereducation.co.uk
www-cgi.cnn.com/ASIANOW/universities2000
www.efareport.unesco.org/ (2007)