1. Chemical Class Chart
Volume VIII
Greenhouse and Nursery Production
Insecticides/Acaricides
Fungicides
Herbicides
Plant Growth Regulators 2. REFERENCE GUIDE for ORNAMENTAL PRODUCTION
INSECTICIDES / ACARICIDES
RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT
When applying insecticides / acaricides, always focus on resistance management. Do not rely on one insecticide / acaricide,
combination of insecticides / acaricides or related insecticide / acaricide classes.
When labels permit, make 2 or 3 applications of an insecticide / acaricide in sequence, then rotate to products with different
modes of action. Try to avoid applying the same insecticide / acaricide to more than one generation of the pest.
NOTE: THIS IS ONE OF THE MAIN REASONS WHY IT IS VITALLY IMPORTANT TO PROPERLY DETECT THE
PROBLEM PEST AND KEEP GOOD SPRAY RECORDS.
Using insecticides / acaricides correctly also includes proper timing, understanding the pest life cycle, and the stage that
each insecticide / acaricide controls. The appropriate and labeled (legal) method of application is also a very important fac-
tor to consider.
Low volume (L.V.) applications (smoke generator, thermal fog, cold fog, aerosol, and electrostatic) are commonly used in
greenhouses. Low volume sprays generally are more effective against adults than immature stages. Use high volume
sprays, directed under the leaves for best results against eggs, nymphs and pupae.
Always read the label and check with local authorities for further information regarding resistance management.
GH = Greenhouse; N = Nursery
**Use Site(s) KEY:
Insecticides / Acaricides
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
G
roup* Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Orthene® TT&O
1 Organophosphate Acephate 24 GH/N Valent USA Corp.
Orthene® TR
24 N Whitmire Micro-Gen
Tame/Orthene™ TR*
24 GH Whitmire Micro-Gen
*Also contains Fenpropathrin
DuraGuard™
Chlorpyrifos 24 GH/N Whitmire Micro-Gen
Dursban® 50 WP
24 N Dow AgroSciences
LLC
DuraPlex ® TR*
24 GH Whitmire Micro-Gen
*Also contains cyfluthrin
Diazinon Diazinon 50 WP 12 N Micro Flo
Company LLC
AllPro® Diazinon AG 500
12 N Value Garden Supply
Dichlorvos Fulex DDVP Fumigator * GH Fuller System, Inc
Dimethoate Dimethoate 267 48 N Micro Flo
Company LLC
Cygon 2E 48 N Value Garden Supply
Malathion Malathion 57% 12 N Value Garden Supply
* Depends on greenhouse ventilation
© Copyright 2006. OHP, Inc.
1 3. Insecticides / Acaricides continued
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
G
roup* Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Supracide®
Methidathion 48 N Gowan Company
(to 14 days)
MSR® Spray
Oxydemeton-methyl 48-72 N Gowan Company
Concentrate
Imidan® 70W
Phosmet 24 N Gowan Company
Sevin®
Carbamate Carbaryl 12 N Bayer Environmental
Science
Mesurol®
Methiocarb 24 GH/N Gowan Company
2 Cyclodiene organochlorine Endosulfan Fulex Thiodan Insecticidal * GH Fuller System, Inc
Smoke
Thionex®
24 N Makhteshim Agan,
Inc.
Talstar®
3 Pyrethroid Bifenthrin 12 GH/N** FMC Corp.
** Greenhouse and/or nursery uses depend on the formulation. Check labels for uses.
Attain® TR
12 GH Whitmire Micro-Gen
Decathlon®
Cyfluthrin 12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Tame®
Fenpropathrin 24 GH/N Valent USA Corp.
Mavrik®
Fluvalinate 12 GH Wellmark International
Scimitar ® GC
Lambda-Cyhalothrin 24 GH/N Syngenta
Astro®
Permethrin 12 GH FMC Corp.
Perm-Up 12 GH/N United Phosphorus
Permethrin 3.2 EC 12 GH/N*** Loveland Products
Helena Chemical Co.
***Greenhouses roses only
Pyrethrum® TR
Botanical Pyrethrins 12 GH Whitmire Micro-Gen
Pyreth-It™
12 GH/N Whitmire Micro-Gen
TriStar®
4 Neonicotinoid Acetamiprid 12 GH/N Cleary Chemical
Corp.
Celero™ 16 WSG
Clothianidin 12 GH/N Arysta Life Sciences
Safari™ 12 GH/N Valent USA Corp.
Dinotefuran
Discus®*
Imidacloprid 12 N OHP, Inc.
* Discus is a combination of imidacloprid and cyfluthrin
Marathon®
0-12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Flagship™ 25 WG
Thiamethoxam 12 GH/N Syngenta
4 B Botanical Nicotine Fulex Nicotine Fumigator * GH Fuller System, Inc
Nicotine Smoke * GH Value Garden Supply
Generator
* Depends on greenhouse ventilation ** Greenhouse and/or nursery uses depend
on the formulation. Check labels for uses.
© Copyright 2006. OHP, Inc.
2 4. Insecticides / Acaricides continued
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
G
roup* Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Conserve®
5 Spinosyn Spinosad 4 GH/N Dow AgroSciences
LLC
Avid®
6 Glycoside Abamectin 12 GH/N Syngenta
Preclude® TR
7 Carbamate Insect Fenoxycarb 12 GH Whitmire Micro-Gen
Growth Regulator
Distance®
Pyridine Insect Pyriproxyfen 12 GH/N Valent USA Corp.
Growth Regulator
Enstar ® II
Biopesticide Insect s-Kinporene 4 GH Wellmark International
Growth Regulator
Endeavor™
9 Pyridine azomethine Pymetrozine 12 GH/N Syngenta
Aria™ 12 GH FMC Corp.
Pyridine carboxamide Flonicamid
Ovation™
10 A Tetrazine Clofentezine 12 GH/N Scotts Company
Hexygon® DF
Thiazolidinone Hexythiazox 12 GH/N Gowan Company
TetraSan™
10 B 2, 4 - Diphenyloxzoline Etoxazole 12 GH/N Valent USA Corp.
Derivative
DiPel®
11 Biopesticide Bacillus thuringiensis 12 GH/N Valent USA Corp.
Kurstaki
Deliver®
12 GH/N Certis USA, LLC.
Gnatrol®
Bacillus thuringiensis 4 GH/N Valent USA Corp.
Israelensis
Vendex®
12 Organotin Fenbutatin-oxide 48 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Pylon®
13 Pyrrole Chlorfenapyr 12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Adept®
15 Benzoyl Urea Insect Diflubenzuron 12 GH Chemtura Corp.
Growth Regulator
Pedestal™
Novaluron 12 GH/N Chemtura Corp.
Talus®
16 Buprofezin 12 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Citation®
17 Triazine Insect Cyromazine 12 GH/N Syngenta
Growth Regulator
Azatin® XL
18 Biopesticide Insect Azadirachtin 4 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Growth Regulator
Ornazin®
12 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Shuttle™
20 Napthoquinone derivative Acequinocyl 12 GH/N Arysta Life Sciences
Sanmite®
21 Pyridazinone Pyridaben 12 GH/N Scotts Company
Akari™
Phenoxypyrazole Fenpyroximate 12 GH SePRO Corp.
12 GH/N
Judo™ OHP, Inc.
23 Tetronic acid Spiromesifen
* Depends on greenhouse ventilation
© Copyright 2006. OHP, Inc.
3 5. Insecticides / Acaricides continued
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
roup*
G Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Floramite®
25 Carbazate Bifenazate 4 GH/N Chemtura Corp.
Kelthane® 50 WSP
U Organochlorine - Dicofol 48 GH/N Dow AgroSciences
diphenylaliphatics LLC
Dicofol 3 Dust 12 GH/N Gowan Company
Naturalis L®
** Biopesticide Beauveria bassiana 4 GH/N Troy Biosciences
BotaniGard®
4 GH/N Bioworks, Inc.
Triact® 70
Oils Clarified hydrophobic 4 GH/N OHP, Inc.
extract of neem oil
Paraffinic oil Ultra-Fine Spray Oil 4 GH/N Whitmire Micro-Gen
Soaps Potassium salts of M-Pede 12 GH/N Dow AgroSciences
fatty acids LLC
*Insecticides / Acaricides Modes of Action
1. Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, interrupting the transmission of nerve impulses
2. GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists: Interferes with GABA receptors of insect neurons, leading to repetitive nervous discharges
3. Sodium channel modulators: Acts as an axonic poison by interfering with the sodium channels of both the peripheral and central nervous system stimulating
repetitive nervous discharges, leading to paralysis.
4. Acetylcholine receptor agonists/Antagonists: Binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disrupting nerve transmission.
5. Nicotine acetylcholine receptor agonists (not group 4)
6. Chloride Channel Activators: Interferes with the GABA nerve receptor of insects.
7. Juvenile hormone mimics (Insect growth regulator): Mimic juvenile hormones, which prevent molting from the larval to the adult stage.
9. Compounds of unknown or non-specific mode of action (selective feeding blockers)
10. Compounds of unknown or non-specific target site of action (mite growth inhibitors)
11. Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes.
12. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation at the site of dinitrophenol uncoupling (Disrupt ATP formation)
13. Uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (disrupt H proton gradient formation).
15. Inhibit chitin biosynthesis – type 0
16. Inhibit chitin biosynthesis – type 1
17. Molting disruptor
18. Ecdysone agonists/molting disruptors
20. Coupling site II electron transport inhibitors (Complex III)
21. Site I electron transport inhibitor
23. Inhibitors of lipid biosynthesis
25. Neuronal inhibitors (unknown mode of action)
UN. Unknown mode of action
** No resistance likely to develop but it may be possible for some pests to develop resistance after long periods of exclusive use.
This list is from the U.S Environmental Protection Agency, in cooperation with the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC). IRAC is
a technical working group within the Global Crop Protection Federation (GCPF) http:www.gcpf.org.
© Copyright 2006. OHP, Inc.
4 6. REFERENCE GUIDE for ORNAMENTAL PRODUCTION FUNGICIDES
Most leading plant pathologists recommend the rotation of fungicides as an additional strategy against resistance devel-
opment. To rotate from one product to another does not achieve the goal, rather one must rotate from class and mode
of action to successfully fight the potential of resistance development. High volume sprays generally are most effective
against foliar disease as well.
Always read the label and check with local authorities for further information regarding resistance management.
GH = Greenhouse; N = Nursery.
**Use Site(s) Key:
Fungicides
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
G
roup* Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
3336™
1 Benzimidazole Thiophanate-methyl 12 GH/N Cleary Chemical
Corp.
OHP 6672™
12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
AllBan®
12 GH/N Scotts Company
Banrot®*
12 GH/N Scotts Company
Resistance risk High
*
Banrot is a combination of thiophanate-methyl and etridiazole
(See explanation of resistance risk following the mode
of action listing)
Zyban®**
24 GH/N Scotts Company
*
* Zyban is a combination of thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb
Chipco® 26GT®
2 Dicarboximide Iprodione 12 GH/N Bayer Environmental
Science
OHP Chipco® 26019 WP
12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Resistance risk Medium to High
Sextant™
12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
26/36* 12 GH/N Cleary Chemical
*26/36 is a combination of iprodione and thiophanate-methyl Corp.
Terraguard®
3 Imidazole Triflumizole 12 GH/N Chemtura Corp.
Rubigan®
Pyrimidine Fenarimol 12 N Gowan Company
Banner® MAXX®
Triazole (includes conazole) Propiconazole 24 N Syngenta
Strike® 50 WDG
Triadimefon 12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Eagle® 20 EW
Myclobutanil 24 GH/N Dow AgroSciences
LLC
Resistance risk Medium
Systhane®
24 GH/N Dow AgroSciences
LLC
Subdue® MAXX®
4 Acylamine Mefenoxam 0 GH/N Syngenta
Resistance risk High
Pipron®
5 Piperadine Piperalin 12 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Resistance risk Low to Medium
© Copyright 2006. OHP, Inc.
5 7. Fungicides continued
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
G
roup* Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Contrast®
7 Anilide (Oxathiin) Flutolanil 12 GH/N Scotts Company
ProStar®
Resistance risk Medium
12 GH/N Bayer Environmental
Science
Azoxystrobin® Heritage®
11 Strobilurin 4 GH/N Syngenta
Kresoxim-methyl® Cygnus®
12 GH/N Scotts Company
Resistance risk High
Compass™ O
Trifloxystrobin 12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
FenStop™
Imidazolinone Fenamidone 12 GH OHP, Inc.
Medallion®
12 Phenylpyrrole Fludioxonil 12 GH/N Syngenta
Resistance risk Low to Medium
Terraclor®
14 Aromatic Hydrocarbon PCNB 12 GH/N Chemtura Corp.
Truban®
Thiadiazole Etridiazole 12 GH/N Scotts Company
Terrazole®
12 GH/N Chemtura Corp.
Resistance risk Low to Medium
Decree®
17 Hydroxyanilide Fenhexamid 4 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Resistance risk Low to Medium
Banol®
28 Carbamate Propamocarb 24 GH/N Bayer Environmental
Science
Resistance risk Low to Medium
Stature® DM
40 Cinnamic Acid Derivative Dimethomorph 12 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Resistance risk Low to Medium
Daconil® Ultrex®
M Chloronitrile Chlorothalonil 12 GH/N Syngenta
AllPro®
* GH Value Garden Supply
* Depends on greenhouse ventilation
ConSyst® ***
48 GH/N Regal Chemical Co.
*
** ConSyst is a combination of thiophanate-methyl and chlorothalonil
Spectro® 90 ****
12 GH/N Cleary Chemical Corp.
*
*** Spectro 90 is a combination of thiophanate-methyl and chlorothalonil
Camelot®
Copper, Complex Copper sulfate 12 GH/N Whitmire Micro-Gen
Phyton 27®
24 GH/N Phyton Corp.
Kocide® 2000
Copper, Fixed Copper hydroxide 24 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Dithane®
Dithiocarbamate Mancozeb 24 GH/N Dow AgroSciences
LLC
Fore®
24 GH/N Dow AgroSciences
LLC
Junction™
24 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Resistance risk Low
Pentathlon™
24 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Protect® T/O
Manganese + zinc 24 GH/N Cleary Chemical Corp.
AllPro® Captan 50W
Phthalimide Captan 96 GH/N Value Garden Supply
© Copyright 2006. OHP, Inc.
6 8. Fungicides continued
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
G
roup* Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Aliette®
U Phosphonate Fosetyl-Al 12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
[Also classified by EPA with plant host defense inducers]
Alude™
Phosphite Phosphorous acid 4 GH/N Cleary Chemical Corp.
Resistance risk Low
PlantShield® HC
** Biopesticide Trichoderma 0 GH/N BioWorks, Inc.
(RootShield®)
harzianum T22
SoilGard® G
Trichoderma virens GL21 4 GH/N Certis USA, LLC.
Resistance risk Low
Companion®
Bacillus subtilis GB03 4 GH/N Growth Products
Rhapsody® AS
Bacillus subtilis QST713 4 GH/N AgraQuest, Inc.
Actinovate® 4 GH/N Natural Industries, Inc
Streptomyces lydicus WYEC108
Armicarb® 100
Bicarbonate Potassium bicarbonate 4 GH/N Helena Chemical Co.
MilStop®
1 GH/N BioWorks, Inc.
ZeroTol™
Hydrogen Dioxide 0 GH/N Biosafe Systems
Triact® 70
Oil Clarified hydrophobic 4 GH/N OHP, Inc.
extract of neem oil (also classified by
EPA as a biopesticide)
Qwel®
Botanical Extract Macheaya extract 12 GH Camas Technologies
Milsana®
Raynoutria sachalinesis 24 GH Western Farm Service
Inc.
*Fungicides Modes of Action (by Mode of Action
1. Inhibition of tubulin formation in mitosis
2. Affect cell division, DNA and RNA synthesis and metabolism
3. DMI (Demethylation Inhibitor): Inhibition of sterol synthesis
4. Phenylamides-Affect RNA synthesis
5. Inhibition of an isomerase in sterol biosynthesis- Piperadines, Morpholines
7. Affect mitochondrial transport chain
11. Quinone outside inhibitors (QOI)
12. MAP protein kinase in osmotic signal transduction
14. Lipid peroxidation (proposed)
17. 3-keto reductase during C4 demethylation in sterol biosynthesis
28. Affect cell membrane permeability (proposed)
40. Phospholipid biosysthesis and cell wall deposition (proposed)
M Multi-site activity. Chemicals that act at several sites, which may differ among the group members.
U Mode of action unknown. The mode of action cannot be placed within any other grouping.
** No resistance likely to develop
This list is from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in cooperation with the Fungicide Resistance Action
Committee (FRAC). FRAC is a technical working group within the Global Crop Protection Federation (GCPF)
© Copyright 2006. OHP, Inc.
7 9. Explanation of Resistance Risk
Resistance risk categories were developed by FRAC. They are a way to estimate the potential for
resistance development. The resistance risk is generally based on whether the fungicide mode of
action (MOA) is single or multi-site. Single site MOA products have a higher resistance risk than
multi site MOA products. The pathogen types targeted by the fungicides also are factors.
Fungicides should always be used by rotating MOA types. Users need to be especially careful
not to rotate or alternate among fungicides in any one high resistance risk category. Follow resis-
tance management instructions on product labels.
© Copyright 2006. OHP, Inc.
8 10. REFERENCE GUIDE for
ChEMICAL PLANT GROwTh REGULATORS
***Use Site(s) KEY: GH = Greenhouse; N = Nursery; T = Turf
Chemical Plant Growth Regulators
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Activity Common Use
roup*
G Class Level** Name Trade Name REI Site(s)*** Company
A-Rest®
1 Substituted Medium Ancymidol 12 GH/N SePRO Corp.
pyrimidine
Topflor®
Flurprimidol 12 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Cycocel ®
Quaternary Low Chlormequat 12 GH OHP, Inc.
ammonmium chloride
B-Nine®
Hydrazide Low Daminozide 24 GH/N Chemtura Corp.
Bonzi ®
Triazole High Paclobutrazol 12 GH/N Syngenta
Paczol™
12 GH/N Chemtura Corp.
Piccolo™
12 GH/N Fine Americas Inc.
Sumagic ®
High Uniconazole-p 12 GH Valent USA Corp.
Atrimmec®
2 Unclassified High Dikegulac sodium 12 GH/N PBI Gordon
3 Fatty acid Medium methyl esters of Off-Shoot O GH/N Cochran Corp.
fatty acids
4 Gibberellin (GA) High Gibberellic acid (A3) Florgib 4L 4 GH/T Fine Americas Inc.
GibGro®
12 GH/N Nufarm Americas Inc.
ProGibb® T&O
12 GH/N/T Valent USA Corp.
Fascination™
Synthetic Cytokinin/ High Cytokinin/ 4 GH Valent USA Corp.
Gibberellin Gibberellic acid
5 Acid Medium Ethephon Florel Brand 48-72 GH/N Monterey Chemical
Southern Ag
Hormodin®
6 Rooting Hormones IBA 0 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Synthetic Auxin
IBA + NAA Dip N Grow 0-24 GH/N Dip 'N Grow, Inc.
** Activity level is related to difficulty of use. The Higher the level the more difficult the product is to use. Some combinations of
PGR's (e.g. B-Nine and Cycocel) have medium Activity.
Thanks to Dr. Joyce Latimer, Virginia Tech, for help in preparing the PGR chart.
*Chemical Plant Growth Regulators Modes of Action
1. Gibberellic Acid synthesis inhibitors 3. Chemical pincher 5. Ethylene generator
2. DNA synthesis inhibitor 4. Growth promoter 6. Rooting Hormones
© Copyright 2006. OHP, Inc.
9 11. REFERENCE GUIDE for GREENhOUSE & NURSERY hERBICIDES
Reference Guide for Ornamental Production Herbicides
Rotation of herbicide classes is not necessary in field grown nursery crops to prevent weed resistance problems. Weed
resistance to herbicides has not been a concern in the production of field grown nursery crops.
Please read and follow all label directions and precautions.
**Use Site(s) Key:
PO = post emergence; PR = pre emergence; SF = soil fumigant; (GH) = registered for use in greenhouses;
A = Annual Grasses; BW = Broadleaf Weeds; WO = Certain Woody Ornamentals; P = Perennials; MA = Most annuals;
S = Sedges
Greenhouse & Nursery herbicides
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
roup*
G Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Acclaim® Extra
1 Aryloxyphenoxy fenoxaprop 12 PO; Bayer Environmental
propionate 'FOPS' Science
Fusilade ® II
fluazifop-P-butyl 12 PO; Syngenta
A, P
Envoy ®
Cyclohexanedione ‘DIMS’ clethodim 12 PO; A, Valent USA Corp.
P (GH)
Vantage ®
sethoxydim 12 PO; BASF
A, P
Image®
2 Imidazolinone imazaquin 12 PR/PO; A BASF
BW, S
Dimension®
3 Pyridine dithiopyr 12 PR; Dow AgroSciences
A, BW LLC
Kerb®
Benzamide pronamide 12 PR/PO; Dow AgroSciences
A, BW LLC
Pendulum®
Dinitroaniline pendimethalin 24 PR; BASF
A, BW
Barricade®
prodiamine 12 PR; Syngenta
A, BW
Regalkade®
12 PR; Regal Chemical Co.
A, BW
Surflan®
oryzalin 12 PR; United Phosphorus
A, BW
trifluralin Treflan 12 PR; Dow AgroSciences
A, BW LLC
3 + 3 Dintiroanaline + benefin + oryzalin XL 2G 12 PR; Helena Chemical Co.
Dintiroanaline A, BW
Lontrel™
4 Picolinic acid clopyralid 12 PO; Dow AgroSciences
WO LLC
Princep®
5 Triazine simazine 12 PR; Syngenta
A, BW
© Copyright 2006. OHP, Inc.
10 12. Greenhouse & Nursery herbicides continued
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
G
roup* Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Basagran® T/O
6 Benzothiadiazinone bentazon 12 PO; BW, BASF
S
Roundup PRO®
9 Glycine glyphosate 4 PO; A, P, Monsanto
BW (GH)
Finale®
10 Phosphinic acid glufosinate 12 PO; MA, Bayer Environmental
P (GH) Science
Predict®
12 Pyridazinone norflurazon 12 PR; Syngenta
A, BW
Goal®
14 Diphenylether oxyfluorfen 24 PR; Dow AgroSciences
A, BW LLC
Ronstar®
Oxadiazole oxadiazon 12 PR; Bayer Environmental
A, BW Science
BroadStar®
N-phenylphthalimides flumioxazin 12 PR; Valent USA Corp.
A, BW
SureGuard®
12 PR, PO: Valent USA Corp.
A, BW
Devrinol®
15 Acetamide napropamide 12 PR; United Phosphorous
A, BW
Pennant®
Chloroacetamide metolachlor 24 PR; Syngenta
A, BW
Casoron®
20 Nitrile dichlobenil 12 PR; A, P, Chemtura Corp.
Gallery™
21 Benzamide isoxaben 12 PR; Dow AgroSciences
A, BW LLC
Gramoxone® Extra
22 Bipyridylium paraquat 12-24 PO; MA, Syngenta
P, BW
Reward®
diquat 24 PO; MA, Syngenta
P (GH)
® Granular
27 Other dazomet Basamid 24 SF; MA, P Certis USA, LLC
Vapam®
metham 48 SF; MA, P Amvac Chemical
Corp.
Scythe®
pelargonic 24 PO; MA, Mycogen /
P (GH) Dow AgroSciences
LLC
14 + 3 Diphenylether + oxyfluorfen + Ornamental 24 PR; Scotts Company
Herbicide II (OH2)®
Dinitroaniline pendimethalin A, BW
RegalStar®
14 + 3 Oxadiazole + oxadiazon + 12 PR; Regal Chemical Co.
Dinitroaniline prodiamine A, BW
Rout®
14 + 3 Diphenylether + oxyfluorfen + 24 PR; A Scotts Company
Dinitroaniline oryzalin BW
Kansel®
14 + 3 Oxadiazole+ oxadiazon+ 12 PR; A Scotts Company
Dinitroanaline pendimethalin
© Copyright 2006. OHP, Inc.
11 13. Greenhouse & Nursery herbicides continued
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
G
roup* Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
PrePair®
15 + 14 Acetamide + napropamide + 12 PR; UAP-Professional
Oxadiazole oxadiazon A, BW Products
Regal O-O®
15 + 4 Diphenylether + oxyfluorfen + 24 PR; Regal Chemical Co.
Oxadiazole oxadiazon A, BW
Snapshot™ TG
21 + 3 Benzamide + isoxaben + 12 PR; A, Dow AgroSciences
Dinitroaniline trifluralin BW LLC
Showcase™
21 + 14 + 3 Benzammide +
isoxaben + 12 PR; A, Dow AgroSciences
Oxadiazole + oxyfluorfen + BW LLC
Dinitroanaline trifluralin
**Use Site(s) KEY:
PO = post emergence; PR = pre emergence; SF = soil fumigant; (GH) = registered for use in greenhouses;
A = Annual Grasses; BW = Broadleaf Weeds; WO = Certain Woody Ornamentals; P = Perennials; MA = Most annuals;
S = Sedges
*Greenhouse & Nursery Herbicides Modes of Action
1. Inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)
2. Inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS (acetohydroxyacid synthase AHAS)
3. Microtubule assembly inhibition
4. Action like indole acetic acid (synthetic auxins)
5. Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II (C1)**
6. Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II (C3)**
7. Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II (C2)**
9. Inhibition of EPSP synthase
10. Inhibition of glutamine synthetase
12. Bleaching: inhibition of carotenoid biosysnthesis at the phytoene desaturase step (PDS)
14. Inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)
15. Inhibition of VLCFA’s (Inhibition of cell division)
20. Inhibition of cell wall (cellulose) synthesis
21. Inhibition of cell wall (cellulose) synthesis
22. Photosystem -I- electron diversion
27. Unknown
**Subclasses with different binding behavior at the binding protein D1, or different classes
*Mode of action numbers based on WSSA classification
Thanks to Dr. Jeffrey Derr, Virginia Tech, for help in preparing the herbicide chart.
12
