3. Introduction
-Abdomen is a black box
i.e it is impossible to know what special injuries
have occurred
-Our aim to save lives in Abdominal Trauma not
to make an accurate diagnosis
-Don’t spend the precious time of the victim in
sophisticated investigation.
4. Types of the abdominal trauma.
1-Blunt abdominal trauma.
2-Penetrating abdominal trauma.
10. Penetrating Abdominal Trauma is usually
diagnosed based on clinical signs, blunt
abdominal trauma is more likely to be missed
because clinical signs are less obvious.
15. Examination and Evaluation
1- visually note wounds and abrasions
2-palpate abdomen for localized and diffuse
tenderness
3-consider possible internal injuries eg: liver
,spleen and kidney
4-diffuse severe tenderness: a sign of internal
bleeding.
22. Labia and Scrotum : Pooling of blood from
abdominal and pelvic cavities and you should
Examine the back.
23. Diaphragmatic injuries
Diaphragmatic injuries are difficult to diagnose.
Small diaphragmatic injuries on the right side
may heal without incident, and the liver
protects against potential hernias. Small
injuries on the left side may result in
symptomatic diaphragmatic hernias. Acute
diaphragmatic defects are best approached
through the diaphragm
26. Primary survey
Identification & treatment of life
threatening conditions
• Airway , with cervical spine precautions
• Breathing
• Circulation
• Disability
• Exposure
27. Emergency Care
• I V fluids
• Control external bleeding
• Dressing of wounds
• Protect eviscerated organs with a sterile dressing
• Stabilize an impaled object in place
• Give high flow oxygen
• Immobilize the patient with a fractured pelvis
• Keep the patient warm
• Analgesics
28. Secondary Survey
• General &Systemic Examination-to identify
all occult injuries .
• Special attention to Back, Axilla , Perineum
• PR - sphincter tone ,bleeding ,perforation
, high riding prostate
• Foley’s catheter- monitor urine out put
• Nasogastric tube
29. Secondary Survey(cont.)
• AMPLE History
• A: Allergy
• M: Medications
• P: Past medical history
• L: Last meal
• E: Event - What happened
