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Southern Blotting Process Explained
1.
2.
3. Southern
blotting is a
process that transfer the DNA
fragments that separated by
electrophoresis into a
nitrocellulose membrane/
nylon.
4. To
determine the DNA sequence
between 2 DNA samples .
Whether the DNA sequence is
present or not.
There
is also lot of blotting
methods like
nothern,southern,western blotting.
5. Southern
blotting involved in five main
processes
1.digest DNA
2.RUN digest DNA into agarose gel
3.Denature the DNA
4.Transfer the denatured DNA to
the membrane
5. hybridization.
6.visualization
6. 1. DNA DIGEST
Digest the SAMPLE BY USING specific
Restriction enzymes .
2.TRANSFER
DNA digest into
agarose gel
3.denature of DNA
separate double-stranded DNA
into single-stranded DNA. Only
ssDNA can transfer.(0.5M NAOH,0.2M HCL)
7.
8. Nitrocellulose
membrane or nylon can be
used for this step. because they have small
pores that allows the capillary motion.
Transfer is usually done by capillary force
CAN use a vacuum blot apparatus instead of
capillary action
9.
10. AFTER
THAT treat the membrane with UV
light or bake the sample in 800c. This causes
cross links the DNA to the membrane. (via
non-covalent semi permanent bonds)
Now the DNA became immobilized in
membrane.
11.
12. We
need a radio active probe to determine
presence of a specific sequence in the DNA
FRAGMENT.
The blotted DNA fragments then dipped into
a buffer solution and mix with radio active
probes and sealed and rotated..
13. We
want to make sure there is enough probes
to bind with DNA fragments.
In autoradiograph
THEY ENCOUNTERED A PROBLEM !!!!
the probes that didn’t bound with DNA
fragments also there. this effect our final
result.(probes bounded with membrane)
So they introduced a technique call
prehybridization.
14. This
step involved in closing the binding site
of menbrane other than DNA fragments.
For this a special prehybridization solution is
used.
Such as-1.polyvinylpyrrolidone
2.bovine serum albumin
3.dried milk
4.other organism DNA (salmon sperm DNA)
After this, membrane is washed and ready
for hybridization.
16. Using
nylon instead of nitrocellulose
membrane is speed up the movements of
DNA.(membrane=18 h,nylon=2h)
Electro blotting –using electrophorosis
between gel to nylon speed up the DNA
movements.
Vacum blotting