Special Lecture at the 20th Tri-University International Joint Seminar and Symposium on October 29 at Mie University, Japan - The Role of Asia for Innovative Globalization - http://www.cc.mie-u.ac.jp/~lq20106/eg5005/Tri-U%202013/index.html

1. The 20th Tri-University Seminar and Symposium
October 28, 2013
Mie University, Japan
Higher Education in the Age of
Globalization
Shigeharu KATO
Director-General for International Affairs
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology (MEXT)

2. Contents
• Context of Global Higher Education
– What is around us?
– What we have to do?
• Internationalization of Japanese Higher
Education
– Challenge
– Government Policy & Initiatives
– Abe-Education
• Conclusion
2

3. What surrounds us?
• Globalization of economy, society
– Enterprise, civil society beyond border
– Personal interaction beyond border
– Regionalization of market (goods, services, labor)
• Knowledge-based economy, society
– More accelerated, finely disciplined knowledge
production
– Rapid technological change
– Employment gap
• Sustainability issues
– Climate change
– Resources (energy, food, water, …)
– Disaster, health, conflict, human right, …..
3

4. What we have to do
• Equip students with
– ability, attitude, aspiration to collaborate with
colleague from different cultural background
to create value
– Art of lifelong learning
• Integrated mobilization of sciences for
sustainability issues and ESD (Education
for Sustainable Development)
• Involve stakeholders
4

5. International Students in Japan
Year
Source: MEXT, JASSO
5

6. Inbound Students Mobility
Total: 137,756
(as of May 1 2012)
4,456(3.2%)
Europe (incl. NIS)
1,112(0.8%)
Middle East
127,178
(92.3%)
Asia
North America
2,435(1.8%)
Africa
1,106(0.8%)
926(0.7%)
Pacific Ocean countries
543(0.4%)
Central & South America
Source: JASSO
6

7. Japanese Students Studying Abroad
(people)
Number of Japanese students studying abroad
90,000
Source: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook, OECD Education at a Glance, IIE Open Doors, etc.
82,945
79,455
76,465
75,586
78,1 51
80,000
80,023
74,551
70,000
55,1 45
51 ,295
50,000
40,000
64,284
59,468
62,324
59,460
32,609
26,893
1 8,066
1 7,926
59,923
58,060
46,497 46,81 0
45,960
46,406 46,872
42,21 5
40,835
39,258
30,000
10,000
75,1 56
66,833
60,000
20,000
76,492
Japanese students at US universities
Source: IIE Open Doors
22,798
1 5,485
1 5,246
1 5,335
1 4,297
38,71 2
35,282
33,974
29,264
36,656
28,804
23,633 24,508 24,842
21 ,290
20,689
23,988
23,806
1 5,564 1 8,570
1 3,961
1 9,966
1 4,938
Japanese students studying abroad under exchange agreements
0
Source: MEXT (2001-2003), JASSO (2004-2011)
83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
I. Student Mobility in Japan
7

8. Outbound Students Mobility
Total: 58,060
(2010)
10,215 （ 17.6% ）
Europe (incl. NIS)
20,842 （ 35.9% ）
41(0.1%)
North America
Asia
23,387(40.3%)
Middle East
Africa
121(0.3%)
Pacific Ocean countries
Central & South America
3,401(5.9%)
Source: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook, OECD Education at a Glance, etc.
8

9. Demographic challenge in Japanese H/E
• Low ratio of international students/ faculty
– 3.8% in student body
– 5.2% in faculty (Full-time + Part-time)
• 80 % of int’l students: Chinese, Korean,
Taiwanese
• Japanese students’ study abroad
declining
Less diversity >> less innovative?
Less opportunity of cross-cultural exposure
9

10. Government Policy & Initiatives
 Unprecedented expansion of support for
internationalization
 Scholarships for Japanese students
 Support to H/E development abroad
 Quality Assurance
10

11. Government Support to Internationalization of H/E
1. Acceptance of international students Acceptance of intl. students as ・・・
(1983-) “100,000 International Students Plan”
Support for developing
～ 2000
countries
2007 ～ 2009
(2008) “300,000 International Students Plan”
(2009~) “Global 30” project
2010 ～
National Strategy
meeting demands from
industries to bring in highquality labor
2. Promotion of regional student mobility as government initiatives
”Re-Inventing Japan Project”
(2010~)”CAMPUS Asia”, “U.S. and EU”
(2012~) “ASEAN”
3. Growing needs for global human resources
(2012~) “Global 30 plus” project
11

12. Global 30 Project (2009 ～ 2013)
13 top universities providing the highest level of research
and education in the world
 Offering degree programs in English
– Japanese proficiency is not required at the admission
– More than 30 undergraduate programs
– More than 120 graduate programs
Take Entrance Examinations at Home Countries
– International students can take admission test in their home countries.
 Support for International Students
– International student-friendly environments
– Considerate support for living and studying in Japan
Assistance for academic matters, Career planning, Visas, Financial support,
Housing etc.
12
12

13. Re-Inventing Japan Project (2011~)
Project Summary
 Inter-university programs which conduct cooperative education with overseas
institutions.
 Mutual credit recognition and academic performance evaluation implemented within
common framework.
Types of Project
*the numbers of students are expected results for the period of 2011 to 2015.
ASEAN
CAMPUS Asia
Collaborative/
Consortia
13 programs
Inbound 3,415 Students
Outbound 2,882 students
Trilateral partnership
with China and Korea
10 programs
Inbound 1,030 Students
Outbound 1,145students
ICI-ECP
Student Exchange
under G to G
Collaboration
2programs
U.S.A. and EU
Collaborative Programs
12 programs
Inbound 2,029 Student
Outbound 1,922 students
AIMS
Student Exchange
under G to G
Collaboration
*New in 2013
Programs to be selected
Russia and India
Collaborative Programs
*New in Budget Request for
2014
13

14. CAMPUS Asia (2010~)
“Collective Actions for Mobility Programs of University Students in Asia”
Project Summary
 Government, Q.A. agencies, and Universities in Japan,
Korea and China cooperate to implement student mobility
among three countries with QA.
 Efforts encouraged under the 3 governments guideline:
 mutual credit recognition
 academic performance evaluation
 degree granting within a common framework.
Pilot Programs
– Consortia consist of universities of Korea, Japan, and China.
– The three governments provide financial support.
– Monitoring of programs has started.
Mobility Scheme
– Students from each country stay in
universities in the other two
countries.
– Duration: several weeks to several
months.
14

15. ASEAN (2012~)
“Support to form inter university exchange between Japan and ASEAN nations”
 Foster human resources capable of being globally active
 Assure the quality of mechanisms for the mutual recognition of credits and grade
management through international framework
 Financial support to efforts for the formation of collaborative programs with
ASEAN universities
 Study abroad programs for Japanese students
 Strategic acceptance of foreign students.
TYPE (I)
Formation of a consortium among universities in Japan and ASEAN for implementing
exchange programs with the assurance of credit transfers and grade management.
TYPE (II)
SEND Program: Student Exchange-Nippon Discovery
Selected in FY2012: 14 projects
Budget amount for FY 2013: 640
million yen
 Development and implementation of
leading program model for the inter
university exchange
 Formation of common framework for
quality assurance beyond the
difference of higher education system
 Making educational contents visible
In addition to the features specified above, the aim of this program is for Japanese students who study abroad to learn a different language
and culture, and, in exchange, to assist in teaching the Japanese language and introducing Japanese culture, thus promoting cross-cultural
understanding, while training them to become experts who can build cultural bridges between Japan and ASEAN countries.
Such 44 universities as in
ASIAN countries
Target academic fields
Urban environment, Medicine and
Hygiene, Security, Agriculture,
Resources,
Human Resources Development,
Public Health, etc.
Expected number of exchange (for
five years)
Dispatched: 3,100 students
Accepted: 2,500 students
TYPE (I)
1. Hokkaido University
6 univs. in 2 countries
2. The University of Tokyo
6 univs.,1
organization
in 2 countries
3. Tokyo Medical and Dental University
3 univs. in 3 countries
4. Kyoto University
26 univs, in 10 countries
5. Kobe, Osaka Univs.
5 univs. in 2 countries
6. Ehime, Kagawa, Kochi Univs.
3 univs. in 1 country
7. Kyushu, Waseda Univs. 7 univs. iIn 6 countries
8. Keio University
6 univs. in 5 countries
9. Meiji University
16 univs. in 7 countries
TYPE (II) SEND
1. Chiba University
10 univs. in 5 countries
2. Nagoya University
7 univs. in 6 countries
3. Kyoto University
23 univs.
in 15 countries/ regions
4. Kyushu University
4 univs. in 4 countries
5. Waseda University
6 univs. in 5 countries

16. Go Global Japan (Global 30 +)
(2012~)
Project Summary
 Overcome the Japanese younger generation's "inward tendency“
 Foster human resources who can positively meet the challenges and succeed in the
global field
 Improve Japan’ s global competitiveness and enhance the ties between nations
 Promote the internalization of university education
●Type A (University-wide) 11 universities
●Type B (Faculty/school-specific) 31 universities
Approaches:
1. To foster internationally-minded human resources
e.g., exposure of foreign cultures through internships
2. To promote the global educational ability of faculty members
e.g., experience of teaching at overseas universities,
inviting professors from partner universities
3. To organize the environment for study abroad
e.g., one-stop information
smooth credit transfer and grading
support for job hunting after returning
Ⅰ : Linguistic ability
Communication skills
Ⅱ ： Independence ・
positive attitude,
challenging spirit,
cooperation, flexibility,
responsibility
Ⅲ ： Understanding toward
foreign cultures and
identity as Japanese
4. To offer a comprehensive support from entry to graduation to improve linguistic ability
e.g., flexible entrance exams which can appropriately evaluate foreign linguistic ability and the experiences
placement test for all students
practical and efficient language training including academic writing
preparatory education before studying
16
16

17. Initiative for Emerging Global University
Budget request for FY 2014:
15,600 million yen
 Decisive internationalization and structural change
to form global universities
 Target: approximately 30 Universities
(National/Public/Private ）
 10 consecutive years
※ Japan Revitalization Strategy (Cabinet Decision on June 14, 2013)
• Review necessary systems and establish the internationally competitive
“Super Global University (tentative name).”
• The government will immediately focus on supporting universities that
aggressively proceed with reforms such as globalization of human
resources/education systems, and increase in the number of lectures in
English.
17

18. Expanding Support for Internationalization of
Japanese Universities
(100 million yen ~ M$)
Initiative for
Emerging Global University
Go Global Japan
(Global 30+)
Global 30
2004 2005 2006 2007
2008
Re-inventing
Japan
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
18

19. Government Scholarship for Study Abroad
(100 million yen ~ M$)
Year
(# of scholarships)
2009
2014*
# long-term
50
500
# short-term
740
32,000
(more than 1 yr.)
(less than 1 yr.)
*as of Budget Request for 2014
A new
system to
promote
students to
study
abroad
19

20. 1. Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT)
Objective
To cultivate human resources with high level of technological and research capability
and inculcated with good working culture, by establishment of UG and PG
programmes with Japanese style engineering education
Feature
（１） Research and Education based on industrial engineering in Japan(eg.Kohza)
（２） Research and Education in niche area
（３） Development of human resources in ASEAN countries
（４） Industry based research
（５） Networking with universities of Japan and ASEAN
JICA
・ Yen Loan 6,697mil
JPY
(Equipment, Consulting
Service ） ( 〜 June
2018 ）
UTM
（ HQ ： Johor Bahru ）
Advisory Panel
Advisory Panel
※Total 750 Million RM
(including operational cost,
laboratory equipment,
double degree fellowship
and infrastructure)
・ Technical
Cooperation
JICA
Expert 、 Volunteer,
Training of technical
staff
MJIIT
（ UTM IC ）
DD (A)
DD (A)
JUC
25 universities (as of 1 March)
organize MJIIT Japanese
University Consortium to
cooperate with MJIIT by sending
about 40 lecturers, receiving
students from MJIIT, seeking
Double Degree program, etc
Industry
・ JACTIM
Foundation/Industry
Museum
Dean
Dean
DD
DD
(RD)
(RD)
UTM IC Campus MJIIT Building
（ Handover in Feb 2012 ）
Established in August 2010. Located
strategically in UTM KL campus
DD (LI)
DD (LI)
・ JACTIM’s participation to
Advisory Panel
Current
Situation
・ 2 undergraduate
and 2 graduate
courses open
2012/13
・ First intake in
2011. 194
undergraduate and
108 graduate
students enrolled in
January, 2013
20

21. 2. ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education
Development Network (AUN/SEED-Net) Phase 1, Phase 2
Objectives
Strengthening leading universities in ASEAN and fostering
engineering professionals and academics through a university
network among ASEAN and Japan
Achievements
1.
Fostering Young Academics
•
Around 900 academics given scholarships to study
master’s/doctoral degrees within ASEAN and in Japan (15% of
academics in engineering faculty of Member Institutions)
*excluding Singapore, Brunei
2.
Strengthening Graduate Programs in ASEAN
•
Internationalization and quality enhancement of graduate school
programs at leading universities
3.
Collaborative Research by ASEAN and Japan
•
Around 700 collaborative researches, over 1,000 academic
papers
4.
Strengthening of Higher Education Network between
ASEAN and Japan
•
•
Mutual dispatch of 1,300 academics
Regional academic meetings (about 70 times, approximately
700 participants, around 40% from the privates sector and
universities outside the network)
Member Institutions
[ASEAN 10 Countries]
19 Member
Universities
Myammer
•University of Yangon
•Yangon Technological University
Thailand
•King Mongkut's Institute of
Technology Ladkrabang
•Burapha University
•Chulalongkorn University
Cambodia
•Institute of Technology of Cambodia
Malaysia
•Universiti Sains Malaysia
•University of Malaya
Singapore
•National University of Singapore
•Nanyang Technological University
Laos
•National University of Laos
Vietnam
•Hanoi University of Technology
•Ho Chi Minh City University of
Technology
[Japan]
11 Supporting Universities
Consortium (JSUC)
•
•
•
•
•
Hokkaido University
Keio University
Kyoto University
Kyushu University
National Graduate Institute
for Policy Studies
• Shibaura Institute of Technology
• Tokai University
• Tokyo Institute of Technology
• Toyohashi University of
Technology
• University of Tokyo
• Waseda University
Brunei
•Institut Teknologi Brunei
•Universiti Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
•Institute Teknologi Bandung
•Gadjah Mada University
Philipines
•U of the Philippines Diliman
•De La Salle University
Target Fields
1) 9 Engineering fields: Chemical, Environmental, Manufacturing, Materials, Civil,
Electrical & Electronics, ICT, Mechanical / Aeronautical, Geological Engineering
2) 4 Interdisciplinary fields: New / renewable energy, Disaster mitigation,
Natural resources & materials, Biotechnology, Global environment
Top engineering
universities in ASEAN
21

22. 2. ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development
Network (AUN/SEED-Net) Phase 3
Objectives
(1)To contribute to advancement of industry in
the region
(2)To address regional common issues in Asia
(3)To Strengthen capacity of Member Institutions
and academic network in Asia toward a world
class university consortium in the future
Expected Outputs
1.
2.
3.
4.
Member Institutions
Linkage among Member Universities, industry and
communities is strengthened.
System to conduct research activities addressing
regional common issues is established.
Research and educational capacities of faculty
staff of Member Universities are improved.
Academic network among Member Universities
and JSUC is strengthened.
[ASEAN 10 Countries]
[Japan]
26 Member Universities (including 7 New universities)
14 JSUC (including 3 New Universities)
Indonesia
・ University of Indonesia (UI)
・ Institute of Technology of Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)
Malaysia
・ Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
・ Universiti Putra Malaysi (UPM)
Philippines
・ Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of
Technology (MSU-IIT)
Thailand
・ Kasetsart University (KU)
・ Thammasat University (TU)
・ Osaka University
・ Tohoku University
・ Nagoya University
22

23. Japan’s Initiatives in Quality Assurance
International Symposium on Exchange among Universities
with Quality Assurance in East Asian Region
-Held on September 29 and 30, 2011, Tokyo, Japan
-More than 380 participants from governments, quality assurance
institutions, universities and industries from East Asia and ASEAN
member countries
-Shared widely with the East Asian Region the outcome of the
“CAMPUS Asia” concept and several university exchanges in ASEAN
countries and also discussed the desired future path of the concept
-1st day: Opinions exchanged in three working groups
2nd day: Chair’s statement finalized after
reporting the result of each working group
-In the Char's statement, it was confirmed that
it is important to tie the experiences gained from
implementing programs to future efforts in building
a shared quality-assured university exchange framework in East Asia
23

24. UNESCO Asia-Pacific Regional Convention on the
Recognition of Qualifications in Higher Education
• Facilitate international mobility of students and academics in Asia-Pacific
• Principles related to the recognition of qualifications giving access to higher
education, partial studies, higher education qualifications, and others
• Adopted in 1983. Entry into force in 1985.
※Signatories ： China, Australia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, DPR of Korea, Republic of Korea, Nepal,
Maldives, Russian Federation, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Holy See,
Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, India, Lao People’s Democratic Republic,
Philippines, Indonesia
International Conference of States to Examine and Adopt
Amendments to the 1983 Convention (November 2011,
Tokyo)
※Other regional conventions
Latin America and Caribbean (1974)
Mediterranean (Arab and European States bordering on the Mediterranean) (1976)
Arab (1978)
Europe (1979)
Africa (1981)
（ In Europe, the Lisbon Convention was adopted by Council of Europe and UNESCO in
1997. After the adoption, EU have launched the European Higher Education Area as the
Bologna Process since the Bologna Declaration of June 1999. ）
24

25. ICS to Examine and Adopt Amendments to the 1983 Convention
25-26 November 2011, Tokyo, Japan
Text of revised convention was adopted unanimously by 26 official participants
（ Official Participants ）
Armenia ・ Australia ・ Bangladesh ・ Bhutan ・ Cambodia ・ China ・ India ・ Indonesia ・ Iran
(Islamic Republic of) ・
Japan ・ Kazakhstan ・ Lao People’s Democratic Republic ・ Malaysia ・ Maldives ・ Mongolia ・
Nepal ・
New Zealand ・ Philippines ・ Republic of Korea ・ Sri Lanka ・ Thailand ・ Timor-Leste ・ Turkey ・
Uzbekistan ・
【Viet Nam ・ Holy See
Viewpoint of Revision 】
• Quality assuranceConvention
※Signatory of the 1983 of education
• Exclude reference to recognition of practice of profession
【 Point of the Convention 】
○ Basic Principle Related yo The Assessment of Qualifications
（ Section Ⅲ ）
Holders of qualifications issued in one of the Parties shall have adequate access, upon request to the competent recognition authority to an assessment of these qualifications in
a timely manner. Each Party shall ensure that the procedures and criteria used in the assessment and recognition of qualifications are transparent, coherent, reliable, fair, and nondiscriminatory.
○Recognition Of Qualifications Giving Access to Higher Education, Partial
Studies and Higher Education Qualifications （ Section Ⅳ ～Ⅵ）
Each Party shall recognize the qualifications issued by the other Parties that meet the general requirements for access to these respective higher education programmes, partial
studies completed within the framework of a higher education programme in another Party, and the higher education qualifications conferred in another Party, unless a substantial
difference.
○Information on Assessment/Accreditation And Recognition Matters
（ Section Ⅷ ）
Each Party shall take adequate measures for the development and maintenance of a national information centre that will provide higher education information.
25

26. ASEAN + 3 Student Mobility and Quality Assurance Working
Group under the Education Ministers Meeting (EMM)
Background
 Japanese Minister’s proposal at the first ASEAN+3 EMM
(July 2012)
 Japan’s TOR proposal at the ASEAN+3 SOM (November 2012)
1st Meeting in Tokyo
 Held on Sept.30 2013 in Tokyo
 Approx. 40 people from ASEAN+3 countries participated
 Shared the view to develop ASEAN+3 guidelines for promotion
of student exchange with quality assurance by 2017 (the last
year of this working group).
 Agreed on setting up an “ASEAN+3 Quality Assurance Expert
Meeting (tentative)”; quality assurance agencies from +3
countries will join the annual meetings of AQAN.
26

27. Abe-Education
• Global human resources development: Important policy
agenda item of Abe administration
– Economic competitiveness
– Revitalizing education
• Double students’ mobility
– 300 thousand int’l students and 120 thousand study abroad
– Gov’t, Industry, Academia joint efforts
• Strong Japanese universities
– 10 Japanese Univ. among world top 100
• Primary, secondary education for future global leaders
– IB diploma course in 200 high school
– 100 Global High Schools
– Enhance English education
27

28. Conclusion
• Age of Trans National Education
– Mobility & collaboration beyond border
•
•
•
•
University-Industry-Government joint effort
Quality Assurance
Global citizen, Lifelong learner
Not only Skills, but also Mindset
28

29. Thank you for your attention!
Shigeharu KATO
Mail: shigeharu.kato@gmail.com
FB: facebook.com/shigeharu.kato