P2M is a Japanese program management methodology focused on value creation and stakeholder inclusion. It emphasizes projects within programs and teamwork. PRINCE2 is a UK methodology primarily used in Nigeria that focuses on cost, time, quality, risk, and benefits. While both consider stakeholders and environment, P2M integrates programs of projects better while PRINCE2 is more single project focused. P2M is growing globally while PRINCE2 is widely used internationally.

1. DAWODU ADESHINA
UP-511
COMPARING JAPANESE P2M WITH NIGERIAN
PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGY

2. Overview of Japanese P2m
P2M in Short
P2M stands for « A Guidebook of Project and
Program Management for Enterprise Innovation »
born in Japan.
Published in November 2001 as a result of three-year
research by the industry-academic-government team
Owned by Project Management Association of Japan
(PMAJ).
P2M contributes to visioning of more value added
and innovative programs and projects in addition to
secure delivery of projects (traditional project
management).
Features the « New P2M Tower ». (1)

3. • Originally P2M was developed as a vehicle to
support Japanese enterprises, organizations,
and the government to reinforce their
competitiveness through innovation and it is
also a program management method that
considers not only how to make one project
successful by meeting the quality, budget and
delivery time requirements, but also it is an
edifice of knowledge that integrates a
program consisting of plural projects under a
common program mission by considering total
optimization from a higher and wider
perspective. (2)

5. Features of P2M
• Projects exists within programs; A project
executes a specific mission within the context of a
program's strategic mission. P2M projects
operate as a subset of a P2M program. (4)
• Projects create something of value, both to the
stakeholders and society. P2M prides itself on the
identification of all stakeholders of a project and
including them within its development.
• Program Management introduces program
management that organically combines multiple
projects. (3)
• team work
• perfection orientation

8. Application of P2m globally
• About 40 countries currently use P2M and
more countries globally are gradually
embracing the use of P2M for management of
programs.
• These countries include Philippines, France,
Ukraine and many more (1)

9. PROJECT MANAGEMENT
METHODOLOGY IN NIGERIA
• From my research activities, I found out that
there is no indigenous PM standard or method in
use in Nigeria even though there is an association
for project managers in Nigeria i.e Nigerian
association of project management. But I
discovered that the British PRINCE2 is generally
used by project managers in Nigeria where they
employ any methodology at all, as most project
managers rarely use any specific method, but
quite a number of them make use of basic PM
tools like the WBS, Gantt Chart and even the sure
track management software. (5)

10. Overview of the British PRINCE2
• PRINCE - Projects IN Controlled Environments - is a project
management method covering the organization,
management and control of projects.
Prince was first developed by the Central Computer and
Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) in 1989 as a UK
Government standard for IT project management. Since its
introduction, Prince has become widely used in both the
public and private sectors and is now the UK's defacto
standard for project management. Although Prince was
originally developed for the needs of IT projects, the
method has also been adopted on many non-IT projects. (6)

11. • The latest version of the method, PRINCE2,
was designed to incorporate the requirements
of existing users and to enhance the method
towards a generic, best-practice approach for
the management of all types of projects. The
design and development work was
undertaken by a consortium of project
management specialists, under contract to
CCTA. Over 150 public and private sector
organizations were involved in a Review Panel
which provided valuable input and feedback
to the consortium. The development work
was completed in March 1996. (6)

12. According to PRINCE2 (Project in a controlled
environment) there are six variables involved in
any project, and therefore six aspects of project
performance to be managed:
• Costs
• Timescales
• Quality
• Scope
• Risk
• Benefits
PRINCE2 is an integrated framework of processes
and themes that addresses the planning,
delegation, monitoring and control of all these six
aspects of project performance.

13. • Key Features
The key features of Prince are:
• Its focus on business justification
• A defined organization structure for the
project management team
• Its product-based planning approach
• Its emphasis on dividing the project into
manageable and controllable stages
• Its flexibility to be applied at a level
appropriate to the project.

14. Benefits of PRINCE2
PRINCE2 provides the following benefits:
• PRINCE2 can be applied to any type of project
• It provides a common vocabulary and approach
• PRINCE2 integrates easily with industry-specific
models
• The product focus clarifies for all parties what the
project will deliver to agreed quality standards.
• PRINCE2 applies ‘management by exception’
providing efficient use of senior management time
• It ensures a focus on the continuing viability of the
project
• It provides explicit definitions of roles and
responsibilities so that everyone understands what is
expected of them and what to expect of others.

15. The Structure of PRINCE2
• Principles of PRINCE2:
• Continued business justification: A PRINCE2 project has continued
business justification.
• Learn from experience: PRINCE2 project teams learn from previous
experience(lessons are sought, recorded and acted upon throughout the
life of the project)
• Defined roles and responsibilities: A PRINCE2 project has defined and
agreed roles and responsibilities with an organizational structure that
engages the business, user and supplier stakeholder interests
• Manage by stages: A PRINCE2 project is planned, monitored and
controlled on a stage-by-stage basis
• Manage by exception: A PRINCE2 project has defined tolerances for each
project objective to establish limits of delegated authority
• Focus on products: A PRINCE2 project focuses on the definition and
delivery of products, in particular their quality requirements
• Tailor to suit the project environment: PRINCE2 is tailored to suit the
project’s size, environment, complexity, importance, capability and risk (7)

16. The Themes
• -These describe aspects of project
management that must be addressed
continually and in parallel throughout the
project. The seven themes explain the specific
treatment required by PRINCE2 for various
project management disciplines and why they
are necessary. (7)

17. Processes
• These describe a step-wise progression
through the project lifecycle, from getting
started to project closure. Each process
provides checklists of recommended activities,
products and related responsibilities. The
following are the steps in a PRINCE2 project:
Starting up a Project, Directing a Project,
Initiating a Project, Managing a Stage
Boundary, Controlling a Stage, Managing
Product Delivery and Closing a Project. (7)

18. Tailoring PRINCE2 to the Project
Environment
• It is a PRINCE2 principle that the method must
be tailored to suit the particular project
context. Tailoring refers to the measures taken
to apply the method properly to an individual
project, ensuring that the amount of
governance, planning and control is
appropriate – neither too burdensome for a
simple project nor too informal for a large or
complex project. (7)

19. Structure of PRINCE2

20. Comparing PRINCE2 and P2M
Parameter P2M PRINCE2
Value creation Believes projects create Believes projects create
something of value something of value
Stakeholder consideration Tries to put all stakeholders Takes all stakeholders into
into consideration as well consideration and attempts
as protect their interests to satisfy their needs
Environment Takes cognizance of the Also takes note of the
environment within which project environment
the project operates
Nature of projects Projects exists within the Projects are a one-off
framework of a program exercise
Team work Emphasizes the importance Also believes in the need
of team work in the for team work for
implementation of the successful project
project execution

21. Parameter P2M PRINCE2
Global scope About 40 countries As much as 150 countries
currently use P2M, this is make use of PRINCE2
due to the fact that its still either fully or partially
relatively new in the
market

22. • References:
• 1. Hiroshi Tanaka, PhD, Dr.Sc., PMP 2010, A Japanese
Program Governance Model for Building the Future.
• 2. Project management association of Japan 2012, Project and
Program management for infrastructure construction and Plant
Engineering, course document,
• 3. Project management professional certification centre 2004,
Project & Program Management for Enterprise Innovation,
Summary Translation
• 4. Laurence J. Webber 2010, P2m- Project management
Japanese style
• 5. OLATEJU, O.I, ABDUL-AZEEZ, I.A, ALAMUTU, S.A,
2011, PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN
NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR – AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
• 6. JISC INFONET, An Introduction to PRINCE2
• 7. Andy Murray, 2009, PRINCE2® in one thousand words