1. ELECTRONIC PAPER By Avinash Arun

2. contents Past and the future… What is e-paper? Desirable features of E-paper and it’s advantage over LCD display Comparison of displays Various E-paper technology and companies designing frontplane and backplane of e-paper 1) Electrophoretictechnology 2) Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display Technology 3) Electrowetting Technology 4) Electrochromic Technology 5) Interferometric Modulator Technology 6) Photonic crystal technology 7) REED(Reverse Emulsion electrophoretic Display) Technology What urged researchers to design E-paper? Required future developments Current state of research applications

5. ultra-low power consumption

6. a thin, light form.

8. Comparison of displays Mobility Readability + + BB E-reader PDA Paper Phone Paper E-reader PC Laptop Laptop BB PDA PC Phone Paper PDA Laptop E-reader BB PC Phone + Actuality/interactivity

10. Qualcomm

11. Photonic Crystal Technology

12. Opalux

13. REED Technology

15. Electrochromic Technology

16. Acreo

17. Aveso

18. Ntera

19. SiemensCompanies designing backplane of e-paper are HP NEC Plastic Logic Polymer Vision Prime View International Ricoh Samsung Seiko Epson

20. 1) Electrophoretic technology Works on the basic principle of electrophoresis

22. Bistable liquid crystal phases exists

23. The planer texture reflects the light of specific wavelength

24. The conical texture weakly reflects the light.

25. Multicolored Ch-LCD can be used by using layers of three primary colors stacked on the top of each otherPlaner texture Conical texture

26. 3) Electrowetting Technology With no voltage applied, the (colored) oil forms a flat film between the water and a hydrophobic (water-repellent), insulating coating of an electrode, resulting in a colored pixel. Applying voltage between the electrode and the water causes the interfacial tension to change, which causes the water to move the oil aside. The result is a partly transparent pixel; if a reflective white surface is used under the switchable element, a white pixel results.

31. What urged researchers to design E-paper? Lack of a useable e-reader Most reading devices use LCDs, which use backlights High power, hence low battery life Fatigue due to screen flicker Most reading devices are small. Difficult to read Can not maintain original content layout If not, they are heavy. Laptop, computers

32. Required future developments Full color implementation Implementation of video on it. Flexibility of the e-paper such that it can be rolled or folded Develop it in the such that it will reflect infra red rays and the documents can be read by using night vision camera only. So that it can be used by military. For security purpose. LCD has a backplane lightning which consumes much power. So , in case of low power state the same LCD screen can be made to work as a E-paper with no back light on. Current state of research

33. applications Education: digital schoolbooks Wristwatches Newspapers Cell phones-Motorola's low-cost mobile phone, the Motorola F3, also uses an alphanumeric black/white electrophoretic display.

34. The commercial goods with full color display are expected to be in market within a decade.Thank you